La biodiversité "aménage-t-elle" les territoires ? : vers une écologisation des territoires

Formé il y a moins de 30 ans, le mot « biodiversité » s’est rapidement diffusé et s’est récemment substitué aux termes plus usuels que sont la nature ou les espaces naturels. Ainsi que l’ont souligné Pascal Marty, Franck-Dominique Vivien, Jacques Lepart et Raphaël Larrère (2005), dans leur ouvrage « Les biodiversités : objets, théories, pratiques », le mot « biodiversité » dépasse désormais largement le champ de l’écologie auquel il fait référence et est mobilisé dans de nombreux débats, que ..

Neanderthal Use of Fish, Mammals, Birds, Starchy Plants and Wood 125-250,000 Years Ago

Neanderthals are most often portrayed as big game hunters who derived the vast majority of their diet from large terrestrial herbivores while birds, fish and plants are seen as relatively unimportant or beyond the capabilities of Neanderthals. Although evidence for exploitation of other resources (small mammals, birds, fish, shellfish, and plants) has been found at certain Neanderthal sites, these are typically dismissed as unusual exceptions. The general view suggests that Neanderthal diet may broaden with time, but that this only occurs sometime after 50,000 years ago. We present evidence, in the form of lithic residue and use-wear analyses, for an example of a broad-based subsistence for Neanderthals at the site of Payre, Ardèche, France (beginning of MIS 5/end of MIS 6 to beginning of MIS 7/end of MIS 8; approximately 125–250,000 years ago). In addition to large terrestrial herbivores, Neanderthals at Payre also exploited starchy plants, birds, and fish. These results demonstrate a varied subsistence already in place with early Neanderthals and suggest that our ideas of Neanderthal subsistence are biased by our dependence on the zooarchaeological record and a deep-seated intellectual emphasis on big game hunting