European Principles Governing National Administrative Proceedings

It is critical that the process of developing general principles of Community administrative law continue, notwithstanding the marked diversity of supranational administrative proceedings. Because Community law has traditionally been focused on activities relevant to the common market, an asymmetry between the regulation of market-related administrative proceedings and other types of administrative proceedings has developed

Ten years since the last Chikungunya virus outbreak in Italy. History repeats itself

The prevalence of Arbovirus (arthropod-borne virus) infections is increasing worldwide. Recently, new clusters of autochthonous cases have been reported in countries with temperate climates where the competent vector is present. This scenario represents a new threat for transfusion medicine.CHIKV has been a significant public health concern in Asian and African countries, where most epidemics occurred in the 1960s and 1990s, and is newly emerging in Middle East, Pacific, American, and European countries. Exactly 10 years after the first European outbreak of CHIKV, the virus has emerged again in Italy where the competent vector (Aedes albopictus) is present

Antitumor bioactivity and gut microbiota modulation of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) in a rat animal model for colorectal cancer

Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a non-toxic polyhydroxyalkanoate polymer produced by several microorganisms, widely used as a biological substitute for plastics derived from fossil hydrocarbons. In this work, PHB polymer has been tested in an animal model for colorectal cancer. In the animal model, PHB has been able to reduce the number of polyps by 48,1%, and the tumoral extension area by 58,1%. Also, PHB induces a selective increase in beneficial gut bacterial taxons in this animal model, and a selective reduction in pro-inflammatory taxons, demonstrating its value as a nutraceutical compound. This antitumor effect is caused by gut production of 3hydroxybutyrate and butyrate. In this animal model, 3-hydroxybutyrate is also observed in plasma and in brain tissue, after PHB consumption, making PHB supplementation interesting as a bioactive compound in other extraintestinal conditions, as 3-hydroxybutyrate has been reported to enhance brain and cognitive function, cardiac performance, appetite suppression and diabetes. Therefore, PHB could be postulated as an interesting non-polysaccharide antitumor prebiotic, paving the way towards its future use in functional foods

Study of an Impact Mill-Based Mechanical Method for NdFeB Magnet Recycling

Nowadays, the circular economy is gaining more and more attention in sectors where the raw material supply is critical for both cost and geo-political reasons. Moreover, the environmental impact issue calls for recycling. From this perspective, the recovery of rare earth elements represents a strategic point. On the other hand, the high cost and the dangerous standard recovery methods that apply to NdFeB magnets limits options for traditional recycling. A new mechanical method is proposed, not requiring hydrogen, high temperature, or chemical processes, but instead using an impact mill designed to operate in vacuum. A traditional impact mill operating in a glove box filled with Ar atmosphere has also been used for comparison. The obtained NdFeB powders were analyzed in terms of magnetic properties and chemical composition, particularly in terms of the oxygen content

Sedentary behaviors and physical activity habits independently affect fat oxidation in fasting conditions and capillary glucose levels after standardized glucose-rich meal in healthy females

Purpose: Sedentary behaviors and muscle inactivity are being growingly recognized as important risk factors for health, adjunctively and independently from a scarce physical activity (PA), although the metabolic mechanism underneath is barely clear. To explore the relation between sedentary behaviors (SBs) and metabolism, we measured the metabolic profile in fasting condition and after oral glucose overload in a group of women, along with objective monitoring of their PA/sedentary lifestyle habits. Subjects and methods: Thirteen women (age: 32.5 ± 16.1 years; BMI: 24.0 ± 3.3 kg/m2), recruited among university students and research staff, underwent indirect calorimetry to assess fat and carbohydrate contribution to energy metabolism, in fasting conditions and after a glucose-rich standard meal (about 45 g of glucose). Glucose concentration in capillary blood was determined in fasting state and 15 and 30 min after meal. Habitual PA and SBs in the previous week were continuously monitored with Actigraph accelerometers. Results: After adjustment for age, the contribution of fat oxidation to metabolic energy sources, normalized for fat-free mass, in fasting conditions was significantly correlated with time spent in sitting/lying position during wake hours (p < 0.001), independent from PA habits, whereas capillary blood peak and change of glucose concentration after the meal were significantly and inversely correlated with average daily moderate to vigorous PA (p = 0.025 and p = 0.019, respectively), independent from average daily sitting/lying time. Conclusions: Here, we report for the first time a direct effect of muscle inactivity on increased fat oxidation in fasting conditions, which can be hypothesized as a preliminary condition for the development of insulin resistance. We also report the direct independent effect of PA on the capacity to respond to a glycemic load, so that SBs and reduced PA appear to concur, although independently, to the increased health risk, as elsewhere observed on an epidemiological ground

Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of (±)-Mandelic Acid-5 , ��tical Resolution, and A�solute Con�guration Deter�ination

An efficient microwave-assisted synthesis of (±)-mandelic acid-5 was developed. e racemic mixture was resolved by diastereomeric salt formation using 1-phenylethylamine enantiomers as resolving agents. At each step, the resolution process was checked by determining mandelic acid-5 enantiomer ee values directly on fractional crystallized diastereomeric salts by chiral capillary electrophoresis analysis. Highly enriched (−)-and (+)-mandelic acid-5 (95% and 90% ee, resp.) were obtained and their absolute con�gurations-and , respectively-were determined by correlation of the (−)-mandelic acid-5 circular dichroism spectrum to the (R)-mandelic acid one

Desenvolvimento inicial de plantas de mandioca em sistema de cultivo mínimo e preparo convencional com diferentes massas de coberturas vegetais

The sandy soils with cassava cultivation in conventional tillage system undergo intense revolving, which can lead to soil destruction and densification. The soil of northwestern Paraná originates from Caiuá Sandstone. Its texture has a sand content ranging from 85% to 90%, with low levels of phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and low organic matter content, generally with high susceptibility to erosion.  The experiment was carried out at the Sandstone Campus, Maringá State University, in Cidade Gaúcha. Cassava Fécula Branca variety was used in conventional preparation and minimum cultivation, with four compositions of vegetable toppings: common black oat with crotalaria juncea (AvC); common black oats with common millet (AvM), common black oats with crotalaria juncea and common millet (AvCM) and common black oats (Av). The initial development of cassava plants and dry matter of the cover crops were influenced by the tillage systems. The minimum cultivation presented lower values ​​of stem diameter, plant height and sprouting. While the conventional tillage presented smaller number of plants and larger spacing between plants in plots under black oats in succession of crotalaria juncea with millet and plots only with black oats. The black oats succession with crotalaria juncea under minimum cultivation and black oats succession with crotalaria juncea and common millet under conventional preparation presented the highest values ​​of dry mass.Os solos arenosos com cultivo de mandioca em sistema de preparo convencional sofrem intenso revolvimento, que pode acarretar desestruturação e adensamento do solo. O solo da região noroeste do Paraná é originário do Arenito Caiuá, apresentam na sua textura teor de areia oscilando entre 85% a 90%, possuindo níveis baixos de fósforo, potássio, cálcio, magnésio e baixo teor de matéria orgânica, geralmente com alta susceptibilidade à erosão. O experimento foi realizado no Campus do Arenito, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, em Cidade Gaúcha. Utilizou-se a variedade de mandioca Fécula Branca sobre preparo convencional e cultivo mínimo, com quatro composições de coberturas vegetais: aveia preta comum com crotalária juncea (AvC); aveia preta comum com milheto comum (AvM), aveia preta comum com crotalária juncea e milheto comum (AvCM) e aveia preta comum (Av). O desenvolvimento inicial das plantas de mandioca e massa seca das coberturas vegetais foram influenciados pelos sistemas de preparo do solo. O cultivo mínimo apresentou menores valores de diâmetro de colmo, altura de plantas e brotação de manivas. Enquanto que o preparo convencional, apresentou menor número de plantas e maior espaçamento entre plantas em parcelas sob aveia preta em sucessão de crotalária juncea com milheto e parcelas somente com aveia preta. A cobertura vegetal aveia preta sucessão com crotalária juncea, sob cultivo mínimo e aveia preta sucessão com crotalária juncea e milheto comum, sob preparo convencional, apresentaram os maiores valores de massa seca