Parole aux jeunes : apports d’une recherche qualitative au concept de perception de la valeur des études

Conférence présentée lors du colloque « Journée de la recherche sur la motivation au collégial » Acfas, Montréal, 10 mai 201

Integrating Molecular Typing into Routine Tuberculosis Surveillance: An Assessment of the Strengths and Limitations of Current Approaches.

Molecular typing is increasingly integral to tuberculosis (TB) control programs, providing public health practitioners with a tool to characterize transmission patterns, track the emergence and spread of strains of particular medical and public health importance, and identify transmission venues that contribute to the persistence of M. tuberculosis in populations. While molecular typing is already used extensively as a tool for TB control in many diverse populations across the globe, the sensitivity of molecular typing-based measures to characteristics of both the host and microbial populations is not well understood. To better characterize the relationship between key host and microbial factors and the validity of molecular typing measures, this dissertation work employs a multi-disciplinary research strategy which integrates molecular, epidemiologic, and computer-simulation data. In the rural, stable population of Arkansas, we found that a declining incidence of TB between 1996 and 2003 resulted primarily from a declining incidence of TB due to the reactivation of remotely acquired infection, rather than recently acquired infection. This work suggested the influence of a strong cohort effect on disease patterns in this population. A validation study of molecular typing in this same population, in which extensive epidemiologic interview data were compared to molecular typing results, identified a number of host and microbial factors associated with the validity of typing results. This study also suggested the presence of a regionally endemic strain family which was associated with false positive molecular typing results. Using an agent-based model of TB transmission, we conducted the first quantitative assessment of the importance of the diversity and stability of molecular typing markers, as well as historic and demographic characteristics of the host population, to the validity of typing results. The results of these investigations contribute to an improved understanding of the dynamics of TB transmission in rural populations of the United States, and also highlight key factors that should be considered in the interpretation of molecular typing results in all populations. Additionally, these results may inform the development of more rational approaches to the design of molecular typing systems used in TB control.Ph.D.Epidemiological ScienceUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/58410/1/francea_1.pd

Superchiens: a collaborative experience in a classroom of french as a foreign language

Le présent travail présente une expérience collaborative sur le thème du bénévolat, menée avec deux classes d'étudia nts de Langues Étrangères Appliquées, de l’Université Catholique, Lisbonne. La recherche qualitative se base sur les avancées en sciences cognitives, qui ont mis en avant le rôle des émotions dans l’apprentissage, notamment par le levier “motivation”. La théorie de l’apprentissage coopérant est aussi appelée, faisant des interactions un facteur de progrès collectif. Dans ce contexte, l’étude visait à observer l’effet du projet collaboratif sur les compétences langagières et extra-langagières des étudiants. Plusieurs outils numériques ont été utilisés : Framapad pour l’organisation et le suivi du projet, WordPress pour le site “Les Superchiens”, Facebook et Instagram. Les données ont été recueillies par un questionnaire rempli par les étudiants à l’issue de l’activité, et les réponses analysées selon les techniques d’analyse de contenu. D’après les résultats, le projet a renforcé la communication entre étudiants et développé leurs compétences langagières ainsi que certaines compétences extra-langagières (autonomie, confiance en soi, écoute des autres). Il a aussi favorisé le développement de compétences techniques (éditer et sous-titrer une vidéo, créer un logo, un site), de plus en plus nécessaires pour entrer sur le marché du travail.O presente trabalho apresenta uma experiência colaborativa sobre o tema do voluntariado, realizada com duas turmas de alunos de Línguas Estrangeiras Aplicadas da Universidade Católica de Lisboa. A investigação qualitativa baseia-se nos progressos das ciências cognitivas, que puseram em evidência o papel das emoções na aprendizagem, nomeadamente através da alavanca "motivação". A teoria da aprendizagem cooperativa é igualmente invocada, fazendo das interações um fator de progresso coletivo. Neste contexto, o estudo teve como objetivo observar o efeito do projeto colaborativo nas competências linguísticas e extralinguísticas dos estudantes. Foram utilizadas várias ferramentas digitais: Framapad para a organização e o acompanhamento do projeto, WordPress para o sítio Web "Les Superchiens", Facebook e Instagram. Os dados foram recolhidos através de um questionário preenchido pelos estudantes no final da atividade e as respostas foram analisadas utilizando técnicas de análise de conteúdo. De acordo com os resultados, o projeto reforçou a comunicação entre os estudantes e desenvolveu as suas competências linguísticas, bem como certas competências extralinguísticas (autonomia, autoconfiança, ouvir os outros). Favoreceu igualmente o desenvolvimento de competências técnicas (edição e legendagem de um vídeo, criação de um logótipo, de um sítio Web), que são cada vez mais necessárias para entrar no mercado de trabalho.This work presents a collaborative experiment on the theme of volunteering, carried out with two classes of Applied Foreign Languages students at Universidade Católica, Lisbon. The qualitative research is based on advances in cognitive science, which have highlighted the role of emotions in learning, particularly through the 'motivation' lever. The theory of cooperative learning is also called upon, making interactions a factor in collective progress. In this context, the study aimed to observe the effect of the collaborative project on the students' language and extra-language skills. Several digital tools were used: Framapad for organising and monitoring the project, WordPress for the "Les Superchiens" website, Facebook and Instagram. Data was collected by means of a questionnaire filled in by the students at the end of the activity, and the responses were analysed using content analysis techniques. According to the results, the project strengthened communication between students and developed their language skills as well as certain extra-language skills (autonomy, self-confidence, listening to others). It also encouraged the development of technical skills (editing and subtitling a video, creating a logo, a website), which are increasingly necessary for entering the job market.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Place des activités collaboratives asynchrones pour renforcer l’apprentissage du français

Suite à l’étude (Beaufils, Louchet : 2019), portant sur une expérience d’écriture collaborative entre une classe d’étudiants de l’université Paul Valery, Montpellier, France, et une classe d’étudiants de l’Université Catholique Portugaise, Lisbonne, Portugal, une nouvelle expérience d’écriture collaborative a été menée au cours de l’année universitaire 2020-21 avec deux classes d’étudiants de l’Université Catholique Portugaise, Lisbonne, Portugal : l’une de deuxième année et l’autre de troisième année. Une activité pédagogique d’écriture collaborative a été mise en place au long de trois séances, donnant aux étudiants d’un même cursus (Langues Étrangères Appliquées), mais de classes différentes, de niveaux différents (B1 et C2) et d’années différentes (deuxième et troisième),la possibilité d’échanger par écrit autour d’un thème donné, sur un mode asynchrone. En s’appuyant sur les travaux de recherche des dernières décennies dans le domaine des sciences cognitives, qui ont mis en évidence la place des émotions dans l’apprentissage (Sander : 2018), l’étude avait pour but d’observer dans quelle mesure l’écriture collaborative pouvait avoir un impact sur l’apprentissage et sur la motivation des étudiants, en favorisant les échanges entre eux, tout particulièrement à une période où les contacts étaient réduits au minimum, du fait de la pandémie et des mesures adoptées dans ce contexte. La mise en relation des étudiants qui sont à mi-parcours de leur licence avec des étudiants de dernière année visait, tout d’abord, à montrer aux étudiants de deuxième année que la communication avec des étudiants plus avancés était possible. D’autre part, elle leur fournissait des indications du niveau qu’ils pourraient eux-mêmes atteindre un an plus tard. Or, comparer ses performances à celles d’autrui aurait un impact sur la confiance en soi (Galand : 2016), un des piliers de l’apprentissage (Grangeat : 2016). De ce fait, ainsi que par les ponts construits entre les deux classes, leur motivation pourrait s’en trouver renforcée. Les réponses des étudiants au questionnaire qu’ils ont rempli à l’issue de l’activité ont fait l’objet d’une analyse de contenu (Bardin : 2007). L’écriture collaborative est apparue comme un facteur renforçant la motivation des étudiants, qui ont considéré enrichissantes les recherches sur le thème donné, Paris, ainsi que la possibilité d’échanger des idées, que ce soit au sein de la même classe ou avec l’autre classe. Par ailleurs, l’écriture collaborative favorise l’apprentissage d’une langue étrangère, notamment les compétences de compréhension et expression écrites, l’enseignant ayant un rôle de médiateur. Mots clés : Éducation, TIC, écriture collaborative, motivation, apprentissage des languesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

CHRONIC PAIN SELF-EFFICACY AS A MEDIATOR OF THE LINK BETWEEN ROMANTIC ATTACHMENT INSECURITY, INDIVIDUAL FUNCTIONING, AND COUPLE SATISFACTION: A PRELIMINARY STUDYS

This preliminary study was inspired by the Attachment-Diathesis Model of Chronic Pain (ADMoCP) and examined pain self-efficacy as a mediator of the relation between people’s insecure romantic attachment and individual functioning, as well couple satisfaction. This study used a sample of 45 adults with chronic pain from the community who have been in couple relationships for at least 6 months. Participants completed self-report measures. Direct links were obtained between 1) insecure romantic attachment (anxiety over abandonment) and pain self-efficacy, 2) pain self-efficacy and individual functioning, 3) insecure romantic attachment and low individual functioning, and 4) insecure romantic attachment and lower couple satisfaction. Results also showed that pain self-efficacy significantly mediates the relation between anxiety over abandonment and individual functioning, thus adding to existing literature as well as providing more support for the ADMoCP. Future research directions are discussed along with clinical implications. Keywords: Chronic Pain. Romantic Attachment. Pain Self-Efficacy. Individual Functioning.   RESUMO Este estudo preliminar foi inspirado no Attachment-Diathesis Model of Chronic Pain – ADMoCP e investigou a autoeficácia no manejo da dor como um mediador da ligação entre estilo de apego inseguro nas relações afetivas, funcionamento individual e satisfação conjugal. Este estudo utilizou uma amostra de 45 adultos da comunidade com dor crônica e que estavam em um relacionamento há pelo menos 6 meses. Participantes responderam a questionários de autorrelato. Foram obtidas relações diretas entre 1) estilo de apego inseguro nas relações afetivas (ansiedade de abandono) e autoeficácia no manejo da dor, 2) autoeficácia no manejo da dor e funcionamento individual, 3) estilo de apego inseguro nas relações afetivas e limitações no funcionamento individual e 4) estilo de apego inseguro nas relações afetivas e menor satisfação conjugal. Os resultados também mostraram que a autoeficácia no manejo da dor interfere significativamente na relação entre ansiedade de abandono e funcionamento individual, corroborando a literatura existente bem como fornecendo mais suporte para a ADMoCP. São discutidas futuras direções de pesquisa bem como implicações clínicas. Palavras-chave: Dor Crônica. Apego nas relações afetivas. Autoeficácia no manejo da dor. Funcionamento Individual

CHRONIC PAIN SELF-EFFICACY AS A MEDIATOR OF THE LINK BETWEEN ROMANTIC ATTACHMENT INSECURITY, INDIVIDUAL FUNCTIONING, AND COUPLE SATISFACTION: A PRELIMINARY STUDYS

This preliminary study was inspired by the Attachment-Diathesis Model of Chronic Pain (ADMoCP) and examined pain self-efficacy as a mediator of the relation between people’s insecure romantic attachment and individual functioning, as well couple satisfaction. This study used a sample of 45 adults with chronic pain from the community who have been in couple relationships for at least 6 months. Participants completed self-report measures. Direct links were obtained between 1) insecure romantic attachment (anxiety over abandonment) and pain self-efficacy, 2) pain self-efficacy and individual functioning, 3) insecure romantic attachment and low individual functioning, and 4) insecure romantic attachment and lower couple satisfaction. Results also showed that pain self-efficacy significantly mediates the relation between anxiety over abandonment and individual functioning, thus adding to existing literature as well as providing more support for the ADMoCP. Future research directions are discussed along with clinical implications.Keywords: Chronic Pain. Romantic Attachment. Pain Self-Efficacy. Individual Functioning. RESUMOEste estudo preliminar foi inspirado no Attachment-Diathesis Model of Chronic Pain – ADMoCP e investigou a autoeficácia no manejo da dor como um mediador da ligação entre estilo de apego inseguro nas relações afetivas, funcionamento individual e satisfação conjugal. Este estudo utilizou uma amostra de 45 adultos da comunidade com dor crônica e que estavam em um relacionamento há pelo menos 6 meses. Participantes responderam a questionários de autorrelato. Foram obtidas relações diretas entre 1) estilo de apego inseguro nas relações afetivas (ansiedade de abandono) e autoeficácia no manejo da dor, 2) autoeficácia no manejo da dor e funcionamento individual, 3) estilo de apego inseguro nas relações afetivas e limitações no funcionamento individual e 4) estilo de apego inseguro nas relações afetivas e menor satisfação conjugal. Os resultados também mostraram que a autoeficácia no manejo da dor interfere significativamente na relação entre ansiedade de abandono e funcionamento individual, corroborando a literatura existente bem como fornecendo mais suporte para a ADMoCP. São discutidas futuras direções de pesquisa bem como implicações clínicas.Palavras-chave: Dor Crônica. Apego nas relações afetivas. Autoeficácia no manejo da dor. Funcionamento Individual

Nanoscale relationships between uranium and carbonaceous material in alteration halos around unconformity-related uranium deposits of the Kiggavik camp, Paleoproterozoic Thelon Basin, Nunavut, Canada

International audienceConcentrations of 7% U and 1% Cu were identified in massive, brecciated, and amorphous carbonaceous materials (CM) characterized by strongly negative values of carbon stable isotopes (δ13C = − 39.1‰ relative to PDB). The anomalies are restricted to clay alteration halos developed in Neoarchean Woodburn Lake group metagreywacke that is the predominant host of unconformity-related uranium (U) deposits in the Kiggavik exploration camp. Petrographic and microstructural analyses by SEM, X-Ray Diffraction, HR-TEM and RAMAN spectroscopy identified carbon veils, best described as graphene-like carbon, upon which nano-scale uraninite crystals are distributed. CM are common in U systems such as the classic Cretaceous roll-front deposits and the world-class Paleoproterozoic unconformity-related deposits. However, the unusual spatial and textural association of U minerals and CM described herein raises questions on mechanisms that may have been responsible for the precipitation of the CM followed by crystallization of U oxides on its surfaces. Based on the characteristics presented herein, the CMs at Kiggavik are interpreted as hydrothermal in origin. Furthermore, the nanoscale organization and properties of these graphene-like layers that host U oxide crystallites clearly localized U oxide nucleation and growth

Para lá da tarefa: implicar os estudantes na aprendizagem de línguas estrangeiras no ensino superior

Cet article présente une expérience réalisée avec deux classes d’étudiants de l’Université Catholique Portugaise (niveaux A2 et B1), Lisbonne, Portugal et une classe d’étudiants de l’Université Paul Valéry (niveau A2), Montpellier, France. L’étude a pour but d’observer dans quelle mesure l’écriture collaborative peut avoir un impact sur l’apprentissage et sur la motivation des étudiants. Le logiciel FramaPad a été utilisé avec des étudiants des deux pays, les uns apprenantla langue des autres.L’approche qualitative a été choisie et les données ont été recueillies par un questionnaire que les participants ont rempli. Les données ont ensuite été analysées selon les techniques d’analyse de contenu.L’écriture collaborative, au même titre que d’autres outils relevant des TIC, apparaît comme un moyen approprié pour renforcer l’implication et la motivation des étudiants,mais également pour promouvoir l’apprentissage, étant donné que les étudiants ont la possibilité d’être créatifs et interagir avec leurs pairs dans une approche d’enseignement/apprentissage centrée sur l’apprenant.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Nonmotor Symptoms in Parkinson’s Disease in 2012: Relevant Clinical Aspects

Nonmotor symptoms (NMSs) of Parkinson's disease (PD) are common, but they are often underrecognized in clinical practice, because of the lack of spontaneous complaints by the patients, and partly because of the absence of systematic questioning by the consulting physician. However, valid specific instruments for identification and assessment of these symptoms are available in 2012. The administration of the self-completed screening tool, NMSQuest, associated with questioning during the consultation, improves the diagnosis of NMSs. NMSs play a large role in degradation of quality of life. More relevant NMSs are described in this review, mood disorders, impulse control disorders, cognitive deficits, hallucinations, pain, sleep disorders, and dysautonomia