Privacy enhancing technologies (PETs) for connected vehicles in smart cities

This is an accepted manuscript of an article published by Wiley in Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies, available online: https://doi.org/10.1002/ett.4173 The accepted version of the publication may differ from the final published version.Many Experts believe that the Internet of Things (IoT) is a new revolution in technology that has brought many benefits for our organizations, businesses, and industries. However, information security and privacy protection are important challenges particularly for smart vehicles in smart cities that have attracted the attention of experts in this domain. Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PETs) endeavor to mitigate the risk of privacy invasions, but the literature lacks a thorough review of the approaches and techniques that support individuals' privacy in the connection between smart vehicles and smart cities. This gap has stimulated us to conduct this research with the main goal of reviewing recent privacy-enhancing technologies, approaches, taxonomy, challenges, and solutions on the application of PETs for smart vehicles in smart cities. The significant aspect of this study originates from the inclusion of data-oriented and process-oriented privacy protection. This research also identifies limitations of existing PETs, complementary technologies, and potential research directions.Published onlin

HCI Patterns for Cryptographically Equipped Cloud Services

Recent cryptographic research has devised several new algorithms and protocols with a potential of mitigating several of the most ardent security and privacy threats, existing in currently available public cloud services. Nevertheless, such cryptographic schemes often exhibit counterintuitive functionality to end users, or they work differently to other already established traditional schemes with which users are already familiar. A practical solution to address these problems involves a human centered design approach, deriving Human Computer Interaction (HCI) requirements from consultations and extensive testing with experts, prospective end users, and other stakeholders. The European Horizon 2020 project PRISMACLOUD “Privacy and Security Maintaining Services for the Cloud” uses such an approach and provides HCI patterns as part of its proper cloud service development methodology CryptSDLC to communicate HCI requirements to cloud service designers and user interface implementers. In this article, we present several new cryptographic cloud services, e.g. for redacting digitally signed data, and for redundant storage and sharing of confidential data in a public cloud scenario, together with three example HCI patterns for specific interactions of end users with these services. We show how these patterns were elaborated and validated in practice to prove the suitability for their intended purpose. To summarize, we give an account on our practical experience during the actual prototype development and implementation and show how they constitute an essential element of the CryptSDLC development methodology