Desarrollo de una simulación básica de una caldera de vapor mediante Arduino

Este trabajo aporta una nueva idea en lo que respecta a la ampliación de conocimientos con la creación de un programa que simule el funcionamiento de una caldera. Para ello, se necesita programar una placa de hardware libre, Arduino. En su diseño se han previsto diferentes variables que afectan al funcionamiento interno de la caldera: la alimentación de agua, los parámetros de funcionamiento del quemador, etc

Insuficiencia cardíaca asociada a miocardiopatía infiltrativa en paciente anciano

An 85-year-old man was referred to our hospital because of a first episode of heart failure. An echocardiography was performed, in which severe left ventricular hypertrophy was observed, more likely due to infiltrative myocardiopathy. With this clinical suspicion, a cardiac magnetic resonance was chosen to complete the study, both with result of likely cardiac amyloidosis. After these results, a genetic test was requested, with a negative result for transthyretin gene mutation, thus our patient was diagnosed as wild cardiac amyloidosis and was referred to Heart Failure Unit, where he remains clinically stable.Varón de 85 años remitido por primer episodio de insuficiencia cardíaca. Se realiza un ecocardiograma en el que se objetiva hipertrofia concéntrica severa del ventrículo izquierdo, compatible con miocardiopatía infiltrativa. Con esta sospecha, realizamos resonancia magnética (RM) cardíaca, con resultado de probable amiloidosis cardíaca. Posteriormente, una gammagrafía con el radiotrazador 99m Tc-DPD confirmó depósito por transtirretina. Se solicitó test genético, que fue negativo para mutación del gen de la transtirretina, por lo que se diagnosticó al paciente de amiloidosis cardíaca salvaje o senil, y fue derivado a consultas en la Unidad de Insuficiencia Cardíaca, donde permanece clínicamente estable

Correlation between optical characterization of the plasma in reactive magnetron sputtering deposition of Zr-N on SS 316L and surface and mechanical properties of the deposited films

Abstract Optical and surface spectroscopies as well as nanoindentation techniques have been used to study ZrN coatings on 316L stainless steel obtained by DC-reactive magnetron sputtering. The deposit process was carried out using initial and working pressures of 10 À6 Torr and 10 À3 Torr, respectively. The experimental set-up for optical spectra acquisition was designed for the study in situ of the plasma in the deposition chamber. Auger spectroscopy, SEM and X-ray diffraction were used to characterize the coatings. Nanoindentation tests were carried out to measure the mechanical properties of the coating. Plasma characterization revealed the presence of CN molecules and Cr ions in the plasma. Surface spectroscopy results showed that ZrN, Zr 3 N 4 and ZrC coexist in the coating. These results allowed the understanding of the mechanical behavior of the coatings, demonstrating the importance of the plasma characterization as a tool for tailoring the properties of hard coatings.

Incidence, clinical characteristics, risk factors and outcomes of meningoencephalitis in patients with COVID-19

We investigated the incidence, clinical characteristics, risk factors, and outcome of meningoencephalitis (ME) in patients with COVID-19 attending emergency departments (ED), before hospitalization. We retrospectively reviewed all COVID patients diagnosed with ME in 61 Spanish EDs (20% of Spanish EDs, COVID-ME) during the COVID pandemic. We formed two control groups: non-COVID patients with ME (non-COVID-ME) and COVID patients without ME (COVID-non-ME). Unadjusted comparisons between cases and controls were performed regarding 57 baseline and clinical characteristics and 4 outcomes. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biochemical and serologic findings of COVID-ME and non-COVID-ME were also investigated. We identified 29 ME in 71,904 patients with COVID-19 attending EDs (0.40‰, 95%CI=0.27-0.58). This incidence was higher than that observed in non-COVID patients (150/1,358,134, 0.11‰, 95%CI=0.09-0.13; OR=3.65, 95%CI=2.45-5.44). With respect to non-COVID-ME, COVID-ME more frequently had dyspnea and chest X-ray abnormalities, and neck stiffness was less frequent (OR=0.3, 95%CI=0.1-0.9). In 69.0% of COVID-ME, CSF cells were predominantly lymphocytes, and SARS-CoV-2 antigen was detected by RT-PCR in 1 patient. The clinical characteristics associated with a higher risk of presenting ME in COVID patients were vomiting (OR=3.7, 95%CI=1.4-10.2), headache (OR=24.7, 95%CI=10.2-60.1), and altered mental status (OR=12.9, 95%CI=6.6-25.0). COVID-ME patients had a higher in-hospital mortality than non-COVID-ME patients (OR=2.26; 95%CI=1.04-4.48), and a higher need for hospitalization (OR=8.02; 95%CI=1.19-66.7) and intensive care admission (OR=5.89; 95%CI=3.12-11.14) than COVID-non-ME patients. ME is an unusual form of COVID presentation (<0.5‰ cases), but is more than 4-fold more frequent than in non-COVID patients attending the ED. As the majority of these MEs had lymphocytic predominance and in one patient SARS-CoV-2 antigen was detected in CSF, SARS-CoV-2 could be the cause of most of the cases observed. COVID-ME patients had a higher unadjusted in-hospital mortality than non-COVID-ME patients

The SADDEN DEATH Study: Results from a Pilot Study in Non-ICU COVID-19 Spanish Patients

Introduction: The worldwide pandemic, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel infection with serious clinical manifestations, including death. Our aim is to describe the first non-ICU Spanish deceased series with COVID-19, comparing specifically between unexpected and expected deaths. Methods: In this single-centre study, all deceased inpatients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 who had died from March 4 to April 16, 2020 were consecutively included. Demographic, clinical, treatment, and laboratory data, were analyzed and compared between groups. Factors associated with unexpected death were identified by multivariable logistic regression methods. Results: In total, 324 deceased patients were included. Median age was 82 years (IQR 76–87); 55.9% males. The most common cardiovascular risk factors were hypertension (78.4%), hyperlipidemia (57.7%), and diabetes (34.3%). Other common comorbidities were chronic kidney disease (40.1%), chronic pulmonary disease (30.3%), active cancer (13%), and immunosuppression (13%). The Confusion, BUN, Respiratory Rate, Systolic BP and age ≥65 (CURB-65) score at admission was >2 in 40.7% of patients. During hospitalization, 77.8% of patients received antivirals, 43.3% systemic corticosteroids, and 22.2% full anticoagulation. The rate of bacterial co-infection was 5.5%, and 105 (32.4%) patients had an increased level of troponin I. The median time from initiation of therapy to death was 5 days (IQR 3.0–8.0). In 45 patients (13.9%), the death was exclusively attributed to COVID-19, and in 254 patients (78.4%), both COVID-19 and the clinical status before admission contributed to death. Progressive respiratory failure was the most frequent cause of death (92.0%). Twenty-five patients (7.7%) had an unexpected death. Factors independently associated with unexpected death were male sex, chronic kidney disease, insulin-treated diabetes, and functional independence. Conclusions: This case series provides in-depth characterization of hospitalized non-ICU COVID-19 patients who died in Madrid. Male sex, insulin-treated diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and independency for activities of daily living are predictors of unexpected death

Analysis of Sm-Nd isotopic data in Neoproterozoic and Paleozoic sedimentary rock from Iberia. Implications for their correlation.

Trabajo fin de grado. Grado en Geología. Curso académico 2020-2021.[ES]El Macizo Ibérico al igual que en Europa Occidental se conserva entera la sucesión sedimentaria desde el Neoproterozoico incluido todo el Paleozoico. En estos sedimentos se manifiestan los indicios de la evolución paleogeográfica del margen norte de Gondwana, desde un margen activo hasta un margen pasivo y la posterior formación del Orógeno Varisco con el subsecuente Arco Cantábrico. Durante la realización de este trabajo se ha procedido a realizar una comparación estadística de muestras tomadas de innumerables trabajos para así poder abarcar todo el Orógeno Varisco, el cual se ha dividido en unas determinadas zonas. La comparación de unas zonas con otras en el mismo intervalo temporal mediante distintos métodos, ha permitido establecer una relación de similitud entre cada una de las zonas y determinar así la evolución paleogeográfica del margen norte de Gondwana y los cambios en el área fuente de la que proceden las muestras estudiadas.[EN]The Iberian Massif, as in Western Europe, preserves the entire sedimentary succession from the Neoproterozoic including the entire Paleozoic. These sediments show the signs of the paleogeographic evolution of the northern margin of Gondwana, from an active to a passive margin and the formation of the Variscan Orogen with the subsequent Cantabrian Arc. During the course of this work, a statistical comparison of samples taken from innumerable works has been carried out in order to cover the entire Variscan Orogen, which has been divided into certain zones. The comparison of some zones with others in the same time interval using different methods has made it possible to establish a relationship of similarity between each of the zones and thus determine the paleogeographic evolution of the northern margin of Gondwana and the changes in the source area from which the samples studied originate

Investigación de accidentes laborales con lesiones de las manos y los dedos: estado Aragua. Venezuela

There are 294 labour accidents investigated with lesions on hands and fingers, with the goal of establishing their characteristics, accidentally economical activities and the real generators causes, the necessary information data provided by the employer, worker or witnesses and the accident investigation, done by the investigation team, using the facts reconstruction methodology, through ascendant or inductive procedure (cause tree). The recollected data was recorded according to the Venezuelan Normative established. An accidental rate of 31.1 x 100 workers are established. The 70% of the registered companies are catalogued as High Risk and, in those where 96% the accidents declared. There were 47.19% incidence of hand and fingers' accidents. The largest rates of accident occurred in Metal mechanic industry followed by the textile one. The 90% of the accidents occurred in workers with age are less than 39, and male (96.3%), whit less than five years in the job (87.2%) and catalogued as "NON qualified workers" (79.8%). In a 100% proportion of the labour accidents cases , the encountered causes were unsafety working conditions, and in 27% of the cases there were established as on unsafety actions and conditions. The accident cause by mechanic agents involvement, for damages of these were presented in 55.45%, for damage in these in 53.45% and for inadequate protection in 11.90%. The wounds caused by hits or most frequent (64.9%), there were 20 fracture and nine amputation cases. Related to the magnitude of the lesions, one finger affection was presented in a 74% of the cases. There were two cases, in which, workers loose one and both hands. All the workers needed temporal o permanent incapacitation, from which the 21% improved to become a partial permanent incapacitation or total permanent.Se investigan 294 accidentes laborales con lesiones en manos y dedos, con la finalidad de establecer las características de los mismos, accidentalidad por actividad económica y las causas que los generaron, información considerada necesaria para la prevención de nuevos accidentes. La investigación considera como fuentes de información, los datos aportados por el empleador, el trabajador o testigos y la investigación del accidente por parte del equipo investigador, utilizando la metodología de la reconstrucción del hecho a través del procedimiento ascendente o inductivo (árbol de causa). La información recabada fue registrada de acuerdo a los formatos establecidos en la normativa venezolana. Se establece una tasa de accidentalidad de 31.1 x 1000 trabajadores. El 70% de las empresas registradas son catalogadas de Riesgo máximo y donde se generaron el 96% de los accidentes declarados. Se presentó una incidencia de accidentes con lesiones en las manos y dedos del 47.19%. La mayor tasa de accidentalidad se presentó en la metalmecánica, seguida por la industria textil. El 90% de los accidentes ocurrió en trabajadores con edad menor a 39 años, del sexo masculino (96.3%), con menos de cinco años en el puesto de trabajo (87.2%) y cualificados como "obreros NO calificados" (78.9%). En el 100% de los casos se identificaron condiciones inseguras para la realización de la actividad laboral y en un 27% de los casos se identificaron además actos inseguros con condición insegura pre-existente. Los accidentes por agentes mecánicos se presentaron en un 55.45%, por defectos de los mismos en el 53.4%, e inadecuadamente protegidos o resguardados en un 11.90%. Las heridas por golpes fueron las lesiones más frecuentes (64.9%), hubo 20 casos de fracturas y nueve de amputación. Sobre la magnitud de las lesiones, la afectación de un dedo se presentó en el 74% de los casos, hubo pérdida de una y ambas manos en dos trabajadores. Todos los trabajadores ameritaron incapacidad absoluta temporal, en el 21% de los casos evolucionaron hacia la incapacidad parcial permanente o total permanente

Ethanolic Media Effect on the Susceptibility to Stress Corrosion Cracking in an X-70 Microalloyed Steel with Different Aging Treatments

The objective of this research was to evaluate the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of X-70 micro-alloyed steel in contact with bio-ethanol and E-50 gasohol. Environmental factors, including water (1%, 3% and 5%) and NaCl (10 mg/L and 32 mg/L), as well as two aging treatments were studied. Experimental values were obtained by the Slow Strain Rate Test (SSRT) technique, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and tensile test according to the information reported in the literature. The results of the SSRT for the SCC determination showed that this steel in these conditions did not show evidence of SCC, which was attributed to the formation of an oxide (Fe2O3) not soluble in ethanol. The oxide layer acts as a protector preventing the formation of pitting, one of the main causes of cracks initiation in SCC