36 research outputs found

    Genome adaptation to chemical stress: clues from comparative transcriptomics in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida glabrata

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    Comparative transcriptomics of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida glabrata revealed a remarkable conservation of response to drug-induced stress, despite underlying differences in the regulatory networks

    Dynamics of the introduced tree Litsea glutinosa (Lauraceae) in Mayotte Island: is it an invasive species?

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    Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C.B. Rob., l'avocat marron, est un arbre dioĂŻque d'Australasie qui a Ă©tĂ© introduit Ă  Mayotte et multipliĂ© Ă  l'Ă©poque de la canne Ă  sucre (1841-1880). DissĂ©minĂ©e efficacement par les lĂ©muriens (Eulemur fulvus) et par de nombreux oiseaux, cette Lauraceae s'est Ă©tendue sur toute la zone humide et est prĂ©sente dans les derniĂšres forĂȘts « naturelles » fragmentĂ©es de l'Ăźle. Cet arbre de 10 Ă  15 mĂštres de hauteur se concentre actuellement dans les deux-tiers nord plus arrosĂ©s (pluviositĂ© > 1 500 mm/an) de Mayotte. Ce travail analyse la dynamique entre 1996 et 2002 des populations de Litsea glutinosa Ă©tablies dans les reliquats de forĂȘt mĂ©sophile et ombrophile et la part de la multiplication vĂ©gĂ©tative dans certaines populations. L. glutinosa prolifĂšre dans les rĂ©serves forestiĂšres et particuliĂšrement en forĂȘt semi-sĂšche en fonction de la structure forestiĂšre plus ou moins ouverte. Par son tempĂ©rament hĂ©liophile, cette espĂšce nĂ©cessite une perturbation pour croĂźtre et se fixer en forĂȘt. Sa persistance et son caractĂšre envahissant sont dus en partie Ă  sa possibilitĂ© de multiplication vĂ©gĂ©tative Ă  l'origine de plus de la moitiĂ© des fĂ»ts. principalement par drageonnage. Cette espĂšce constitue un risque d'appauvrissement spĂ©cifique dans les zones « naturelles » sans pour autant ĂȘtre considĂ©rĂ©e par les mahorais comme une peste en raison de sa frĂ©quente utilisation en particulier comme plante fourragĂšre.Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C.B. Rob, the Indian laurel, is a dioecious tree from Australasia which has been introduced on Mayotte and has proliferated during the era of sugar cane plantations (1841-1880). Efficiently dispersed by the Brown Lemur (Eulemur fulvus) and by numerous birds, this Lauraceae species now spreads into the humid area and it is present in the last remaining « natural » fragmented forests of the island. This tree, ranging from 10 to 15 meters in height, is mostly found on the wetter (rainfall > 1 500 mm/year) northern part of the island. This study analyses the population dynamics of Listea glutinosa between 1996 and 2002 in the remains of the mesophilous and ombrophilous forests, as well as the importance of vegetative reproduction in certain populations. L. glutinosa proliferates in protected forests, particularly in semi-dry forests where it can take advantage of the more open forest structure. Because of its light-demanding temperament, L. glutinosa needs an opening in the forest canopy to settle down and grow. The tree’s invading nature, however, is due partially to its capability to reproduce vegetatively; over half of the stems are produced by vegetative reproduction, mostly root-suckering. This species could lead to a specific loss of biodiversity in « natural » areas, but is not considered as a pest by local inhabitants, because of its frequent utilization, especially as fodder

    Pseudoscorpions (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones) from French Polynesia with first species records and description of new species

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    A new species Olpium caputi sp. nov. from Tahiti is described here based on external characters. This is the first record of the family Olpiidae Banks, 1895 from French Polynesia. Additionally, the genus Paratemnoides Harvey, 1991 is recorded from French Polynesia for the first time with the full description of new-found specimens of Paratemnoides assimilis (Beier, 1932). New localities of Geogarypus longidigitatus (Rainbow, 1897) are added. An identification key to pseudoscorpions of French Polynesia is provided

    Structure and properties of transcriptional networks driving selenite stress response in yeasts

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    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Stress responses provide valuable models for deciphering the transcriptional networks controlling the adaptation of the cell to its environment. We analyzed the transcriptome response of yeast to toxic concentrations of selenite. We used gene network mapping tools to identify functional pathways and transcription factors involved in this response. We then used chromatin immunoprecipitation and knock-out experiments to investigate the role of some of these regulators and the regulatory connections between them.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Selenite rapidly activates a battery of transcriptional circuits, including iron deprivation, oxidative stress and protein degradation responses. The mRNA levels of several transcriptional regulators are themselves regulated. We demonstrate the existence of a positive transcriptional loop connecting the regulator of proteasome expression, Rpn4p, to the pleiotropic drug response factor, Pdr1p. We also provide evidence for the involvement of this regulatory module in the oxidative stress response controlled by the Yap1p transcription factor and its conservation in the pathogenic yeast <it>C. glabrata</it>. In addition, we show that the drug resistance regulator gene <it>YRR1 </it>and the iron homeostasis regulator gene <it>AFT2 </it>are both directly regulated by Yap1p.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This work depicted a highly interconnected and complex transcriptional network involved in the adaptation of yeast genome expression to the presence of selenite in its chemical environment. It revealed the transcriptional regulation of <it>PDR1 </it>by Rpn4p, proposed a new role for the pleiotropic drug resistance network in stress response and demonstrated a direct regulatory connection between oxidative stress response and iron homeostasis.</p

    Non Invasive Sensors for Monitoring the Efficiency of AC Electrical Rotating Machines

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    This paper presents a non invasive method for estimating the energy efficiency of induction motors used in industrial applications. This method is innovative because it is only based on the measurement of the external field emitted by the motor. The paper describes the sensors used, how they should be placed around the machine in order to decouple the external field components generated by both the air gap flux and the winding end-windings. The study emphasizes the influence of the eddy currents flowing in the yoke frame on the sensor position. A method to estimate the torque from the external field use is proposed. The measurements are transmitted by a wireless module (Zig-Bee) and they are centralized and stored on a PC computer

    Des puces Ă  ADN pour l'Ă©tude des transcriptomes de la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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    PARIS-BIUSJ-ThĂšses (751052125) / SudocCentre Technique Livre Ens. Sup. (774682301) / SudocPARIS-BIUSJ-Physique recherche (751052113) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Science. C’est quoi une exoplanùte ?

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    Article publié dans Le Télégramme - Soir : La Question du Soir, 19 avril 2018

    Taux de mortalitĂ© et causes de disparition de Apetahia raiateensis (Campanulaceae), une plante endĂ©mique de l’üle de Raiatea (PolynĂ©sie française)

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    Mortality rate and extinction causes of Apetahia raiateensis (Campanulaceae), an endemic plant to the island of Raiatea (French Polynesia). — Identifying the causes of extinction and their intensity is a prerequisite to define the status of species conservation and to set up efficient and effective conservation plans. Apetahia raiateensis H. Baillon (Campanulaceae), an endemic shrub on three trachytic plateaus of the island of Raiatea (Society Islands), is a legendary plant in Polynesian culture and a legally protected species in French Polynesia. Systematic inventories were conducted on the plateaus Te mehani ‘ ute’ute (94 ha), Te mehani rahi (202 ha) and Te vaihue (12 ha) to assess populations (882 plants in 2009), to map the species, and to compare with previous inventories performed in 1995. 81 accessible plants and 820 of their stems were monitored on Te mehani rahi between 2009 and 2011, in order to quantify and understand the reasons of the species rapid extinction. The inventories revealed a rate of disappearance to be respectively of 74 % on Te mehani ‘ ute’ute (1995-2006) and of 76 % on Te mehani rahi (1995-2009). The plants are currently found in subpopulations restricted on the borders of the plateaus and on cliffs. After 18 months of follow-up, 41 out of 57 reproductive plants (72 %) and 219 stems were attacked by rats (Rattus spp.) and 9 reproductive plants and 133 stems were found dead. In addition, 31 % of these reproductive plants had 29 stems broken by people. Among the wilted stems with unknown causes, half (55 stems on 15 plants) might be related to the cyclone that hit Raiatea in 2010. The species habitat is also threatened by feral pigs and by the invasion of twelve naturalized alien plants. Our results support the classification of Apetahia raiateensis in the «critically endangered» category (CR) of IUCN. Rat control trials using baits around plants are currently conducted on Te mehani rahi, together with in situ propagation from seeds, for the recovery of this species of scientific and cultural heritage values.L’identification des causes d’extinction des espĂšces et de leur intensitĂ© est indispensable pour dĂ©finir leur statut de conservation et pour la mise en place de programmes de conservation appropriĂ©s et efficaces. Arbuste endĂ©mique de trois plateaux trachytiques sur l’üle de Raiatea (archipel de la SociĂ©tĂ©), Apetahia raiateensis H. Baillon (Campanulaceae) est une plante lĂ©gendaire dans la culture polynĂ©sienne et une espĂšce protĂ©gĂ©e par la rĂ©glementation de PolynĂ©sie française. Deux inventaires systĂ©matiques sur les plateaux Te mehani ‘ute‘ute (94 ha), Te mehani rahi (202 ha) et Te vaihue (12 ha) ont permis de recenser les populations (882 individus en 2009), de les cartographier et les comparer aux inventaires de 1995. Un suivi entre 2009 et 2011 de 81 individus accessibles et de leurs 820 rameaux a Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ© sur Te mehani rahi afin de mieux quantifier et comprendre les causes de sa disparition rapide. Les inventaires diachroniques ont rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© un taux de disparition de 74 % sur Te mehani ‘ute‘ute (1995-2006) et de 76 % sur Te mehani rahi (1995-2009). Les individus se retrouvent actuellement en petites sous-populations confinĂ©es en bordure des plateaux et sur les falaises. Au terme des 18 mois de suivi, 41 des 57 plants reproducteurs (72 %) et 219 rameaux ont Ă©tĂ© attaquĂ©s par les rats (Rattus spp.) et 9 plants reproducteurs ainsi que 133 rameaux sont morts. 31 % des reproducteurs ont eu 29 rameaux cassĂ©s par l’homme. Parmi les rameaux flĂ©tris de causes inconnues, la moitiĂ© (55 rameaux sur 15 individus) pourrait ĂȘtre liĂ©e au cyclone ayant touchĂ© Raiatea en 2010. L’habitat de l’espĂšce est Ă©galement menacĂ© par les cochons ensauvagĂ©s et par l’invasion de douze plantes introduites naturalisĂ©es. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus permettent de proposer Apetahia raiateensis dans la catĂ©gorie «gravement menacĂ©e d’extinction» (CR) de l’UICN. Des essais de dĂ©ratisation ponctuelle autour des individus par empoisonnement et de multiplication in situ Ă  partir de graines sont en cours sur le plateau Te mehani rahi afin de sauvegarder cette espĂšce d’intĂ©rĂȘt scientifique et de valeur culturelle et patrimoniale.Jacq FrĂ©dĂ©ric, Meyer Jean-yves. Taux de mortalitĂ© et causes de disparition de Apetahia raiateensis (Campanulaceae), une plante endĂ©mique de l’üle de Raiatea (PolynĂ©sie française). In: Revue d'Écologie (La Terre et La Vie), supplĂ©ment n°11, 2012. ConfĂ©rence sur la Conservation de la flore menacĂ©e de l’Outre-mer français. pp. 57-72

    Dynamique d’un arbre introduit à Mayotte, Litsea glutinosa (Lauraceae) : une espùce envahissante ?

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    Dynamics of the introduced tree Litsea glutinosa (Lauraceae) in Mayotte Island : Is it an invasive species ? — Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C. B. Rob, the Indian laurel, is a dioecious tree from Australasia which has been introduced on Mayotte and has proliferated during the era of sugar cane plantations (1841-1880). Efficiently dispersed by the Brown Lemur (Eulemur fulvus) and by numerous birds, this Lauraceae species now spreads into the humid area and it is present in the last remaining «natural» fragmented forests of the island. This tree, ranging from 10 to 15 meters in height, is mostly found on the wetter (rainfall > 1 500 mm/ year) northern part of the island. This study analyses the population dynamics of Listea glutinosa between 1996 and 2002 in the remains of the mesophilous and ombrophilous forests, as well as the importance of vegetative reproduction in certain populations. L. glutinosa proliferates in protected forests, particularly in semi-dry forests where it can take advantage of the more open forest structure. Because of its light-demanding temperament, L. glutinosa needs an opening in the forest canopy to settle down and grow. The tree’s invading nature, however, is due partially to its capability to reproduce vegetatively ; over half of the stems are produced by vegetative reproduction, mostly root-suckering. This species could lead to a specific loss of biodiversity in «natural» areas, but is not considered as a pest by local inhabitants, because of its frequent utilization, especially as fodder.Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C. B. Rob., l’avocat marron, est un arbre dioĂŻque d’Australasie qui a Ă©tĂ© introduit Ă  Mayotte et multipliĂ© Ă  l’époque de la canne Ă  sucre (1841-1880). DissĂ©minĂ©e efficacement par les lĂ©muriens (Eulemur fulvus) et par de nombreux oiseaux, cette Lauraceae s’est Ă©tendue sur toute la zone humide et est prĂ©sente dans les derniĂšres forĂȘts «naturelles » fragmentĂ©es de l’üle. Cet arbre de 10 Ă  15 mĂštres de hauteur se concentre actuellement dans les deux-tiers nord plus arrosĂ©s (pluviositĂ© > 1 500 mm/ an) de Mayotte. Ce travail analyse la dynamique entre 1996 et 2002 des populations de Litsea glutinosa Ă©tablies dans les reliquats de forĂȘt mĂ©sophile et ombrophile et la part de la multiplication vĂ©gĂ©tative dans certaines populations. L. glutinosa prolifĂšre dans les rĂ©serves forestiĂšres et particuliĂšrement en forĂȘt semi-sĂšche en fonction de la structure forestiĂšre plus ou moins ouverte. Par son tempĂ©rament hĂ©liophile, cette espĂšce nĂ©cessite une perturbation pour croĂźtre et se fixer en forĂȘt. Sa persistance et son caractĂšre envahissant sont dus en partie Ă  sa possibilitĂ© de multiplication vĂ©gĂ©tative Ă  l’origine de plus de la moitiĂ© des fĂ»ts, principalement par drageonnage. Cette espĂšce constitue un risque d’appauvrissement spĂ©cifique dans les zones «naturelles» sans pour autant ĂȘtre considĂ©rĂ©e par les mahorais comme une peste en raison de sa frĂ©quente utilisation en particulier comme plante fourragĂšre.Jacq FrĂ©dĂ©ric, Hladik Annette, Bellefontaine Ronald. Dynamique d’un arbre introduit Ă  Mayotte, Litsea glutinosa (Lauraceae) : une espĂšce envahissante ?. In: Revue d'Écologie (La Terre et La Vie), tome 60, n°1, 2005. pp. 21-32
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