Chronique d'une fermeture programmée. Combat d'un territoire en marge pour le maintien du service public, plaidoyer de géographes pour l'égalité des territoires

L'espace saugain, à l'ouest du département de la Haute-Loire, sur le plateau de la Margeride, a toujours été un espace en marge, oublié, mais avec une forte conscience collective. Comme bien des campagnes isolées, Saugues et les communes alentours se sont désertifiées au cours des dernières décennies. Certes, la région n'a jamais été fortement peuplée; aujourd'hui toutefois la densité moyenne tourne autour de dix habitants pas kilomètre carré. Exode, vieillissement ont entraîné bien des fermetures d'écoles. Cependant, depuis quelques années la situation démographique s'améliore, sans que cette réalité nouvelle n'influence véritablement la politique menée par l'Education nationale. Les parents d'élèves, soutenus par une grande partie des acteurs locaux, se sont donc mobilisés pour préserver le droit à l'égalité scolaire des territoires fragiles face à une politique trop quantitative

Economie solidaire et espaces fragilisés auvergnats : une participation à la dynamique des territoires ? (Ambert, Saugues)

National audienceL'Auvergne rurale et l'Auvergne des petites villes apparaît comme un espace perdu, oublié, sans perspective de développement possible. Certes, la réalité tend parfois à confirmer une telle approche mais la nuance territoriale est fortement présente. De fait, l'économie sociale et solidaire est perçue fort différemment dans l'Ambertois et le Saugain. La première région, celle d'Ambert, présente une véritable dynamique liée à l'ESS ; celle-ci est un apport aux problématiques de développement local. L'ESS est considérée comme un outil généré par une citoyenneté active ou impulsé par les politiques locales. Cette citoyenneté s'inspire de l'attachement au local (histoire, enclavement, pérennité nécessaire...). Sur le second site, celui de la Margeride saugaine, l'ESS est davantage perçue comme un élément extérieur à la communauté locale ; élément qui risquerait de déstabiliser cette micro-société. Toutefois, une dynamique existe, bien qu'elle ait peine à s'exprimer, et l'avenir devrait se révéler porteur. En effet, cet espace connaît une mutation sociale où les pouvoirs vont être redistribués

Regulation by protein kinase-C of putative P-type Ca channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes from cerebellar mRNA

AbstractXenopus oocytes injected with rat cerebellar mRNA expressed functional voltage-dependent Ca channels detected as an inward Ba current (IBa). The pharmacological resistance to dihydropyridines and ω-conotoxin together with the blockade obtained with Agelenopsis aperta venom suggest that these channels could be somehow assimilated to P-type Ca channels. The precise nature of the transplanted Ca channels was assessed by hybrid-arrest experiments using a specific oligonucleotide antisense-derivated from the recently cloned α1-subunit of P channels (BI-1 clone). In addition, we demonstrate that exogenous Ca channel activity was enhanced by two different PKC activators (a phorbol ester and a structural analog to diacylglycerol). The general electrophysiological and pharmacological properties of the stimulated Ca channels remain unchanged. This potentiation induced by PKC activators is antagonized by a PKC inhibitor (staurosporine) and by a monoclonal antibody directed against PKC. It is concluded that P-type Ca channels are potentially regulated by PKC phosphorylation and the functional relevance of this intracellular pathway is discussed

Alternative proteins are functional regulators in cell reprogramming by PKA activation

Abstract It has been recently shown that many proteins are lacking from reference databases used in mass spectrometry analysis, due to their translation templated on alternative open reading frames. This questions our current understanding of gene annotation and drastically expands the theoretical proteome complexity. The functions of these alternative proteins (AltProts) still remain largely unknown. We have developed a large-scale and unsupervised approach based on cross-linking mass spectrometry (XL-MS) followed by shotgun proteomics to gather information on the functional role of AltProts by mapping them back into known signalling pathways through the identification of their reference protein (RefProt) interactors. We have identified and profiled AltProts in a cancer cell reprogramming system: NCH82 human glioma cells after 0, 16, 24 and 48 h Forskolin stimulation. Forskolin is a protein kinase A activator inducing cell differentiation and epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Our data show that AltMAP2, AltTRNAU1AP and AltEPHA5 interactions with tropomyosin 4 are downregulated under Forskolin treatment. In a wider perspective, Gene Ontology and pathway enrichment analysis (STRING) revealed that RefProts associated with AltProts are enriched in cellular mobility and transfer RNA regulation. This study strongly suggests novel roles of AltProts in multiple essential cellular functions and supports the importance of considering them in future biological studies

Alternative proteins are functional regulators in cell reprogramming by PKA activation

It has been recently shown that many proteins are lacking from reference databases used in mass spectrometry analysis, due to their translation templated on alternative open reading frames. This questions our current understanding of gene annotation and drastically expands the theoretical proteome complexity. The functions of these alternative proteins (AltProts) still remain largely unknown. We have developed a large-scale and unsupervised approach based on cross-linking mass spectrometry (XL-MS) followed by shotgun proteomics to gather information on the functional role of AltProts by mapping them back into known signalling pathways through the identification of their reference protein (RefProt) interactors. We have identified and profiled AltProts in a cancer cell reprogramming system: NCH82 human glioma cells after 0, 16, 24 and 48 h Forskolin stimulation. Forskolin is a protein kinase A activator inducing cell differentiation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Our data show that AltMAP2, AltTRNAU1AP and AltEPHA5 interactions with tropomyosin 4 are downregulated under Forskolin treatment. In a wider perspective, Gene Ontology and pathway enrichment analysis (STRING) revealed that RefProts associated with AltProts are enriched in cellular mobility and transfer RNA regulation. This study strongly suggests novel roles of AltProts in multiple essential cellular functions and supports the importance of considering them in future biological studies

MALDI imaging and profiling MS of higher mass proteins from tissue.

peer reviewe

Proteomic analyses of serous and endometrioid epithelial ovarian cancers - cases studies - molecular insights of a possible histological etiology of serous ovarian cancer.

Peer reviewe

Spectroimmunohistochemistry: A Novel Form of MALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging Coupled to Immunohistochemistry for Tracking Antibodies.

Peer reviewe