752 research outputs found
The intelligence quotient in justice
This project was designed to research information about intellectually disabled individuals in the criminal justice system. The beginning stages of this project focused on defining intellectual and developmental disabilities as well as the testing that is utilized to determine intellectual disabilities. Additional information that was searched for included characterizing crimes that are committed by individuals with intellectual or developmental disabilities and the questioning techniques that would be utilized during the first stages of the judicial process. The final aspect included rehabilitation programs that are being utilized for offenders with intellectual disabilities. The final stages of this project included risk factors, programs that have worked for adults with intellectual disabilities and reentry into the community. The recommendations incorporate issues from when an individual would come into contact with an officer, interrogation, the legal team, intake, habilitation and reentry
Perceptions of Weight and Health Practices in Hispanic Children: A Mixed-Methods Study
Background. Perception of weight by parents of obese children may be associated with willingness to engage in behavior change. The relationship between parentsā perception of their childās weight and their health beliefs and practices is poorly understood, especially among the Hispanic population which experiences disparities in childhood obesity. This study sought to explore the relationship between perceptions of weight and health beliefs and practices in a Hispanic population. Methods. A cross-sectional, mixed-methods approach was used with semistructured interviews conducted with parent-child (2ā5 years old) dyads in a primarily Hispanic, low-income population. Parents were queried on their perceptions of their childās health, health practices, activities, behaviors, and beliefs. A grounded theory approach was used to analyze participantsā discussion of health practices and behaviors. Results. Forty parent-child dyads completed the interview. Most (58%) of the parents of overweight and obese children misclassified their childās weight status. The qualitative analysis showed that accurate perception of weight was associated with internal motivation and more concrete ideas of what healthy meant for their child. Conclusions. The qualitative data suggest there may be populations at different stages of readiness for change among parents of overweight and obese children, incorporating this understanding should be considered for interventions
Perceptions of Weight and Health Practices in Hispanic Children: A Mixed-Methods Study
Background. Perception of weight by parents of obese children may be associated with willingness to engage in behavior change. The relationship between parents' perception of their child's weight and their health beliefs and practices is poorly understood, especially among the Hispanic population which experiences disparities in childhood obesity. This study sought to explore the relationship between perceptions of weight and health beliefs and practices in a Hispanic population. Methods. A cross-sectional, mixed-methods approach was used with semistructured interviews conducted with parent-child (2-5 years old) dyads in a primarily Hispanic, low-income population. Parents were queried on their perceptions of their child's health, health practices, activities, behaviors, and beliefs. A grounded theory approach was used to analyze participants' discussion of health practices and behaviors. Results. Forty parent-child dyads completed the interview. Most (58%) of the parents of overweight and obese children misclassified their child's weight status. The qualitative analysis showed that accurate perception of weight was associated with internal motivation and more concrete ideas of what healthy meant for their child. Conclusions. The qualitative data suggest there may be populations at different stages of readiness for change among parents of overweight and obese children, incorporating this understanding should be considered for interventions
What do students know and understand about the Holocaust? Evidence from English secondary schools
This research report has been written under the auspices
of the University College London (UCL) Centre for
Holocaust Education. The Centre is part of the UCL
Institute of Education ā currently the worldās leading
university for education ā and is comprised of a team
of researchers and educators from a variety of different
disciplinary fields. The Centre works in partnership with
the Pears Foundation who, together with the Department
for Education, have co-funded its operation since it was
first established in 2008.
A centrally important principle of all activity based at
the UCL Centre for Holocaust Education is that, wherever
possible, classroom practice should be informed by
academic scholarship and relevant empirical research.
In 2009, Centre staff published an extensive national
study of secondary school teachersā experience of
and attitudes towards teaching about the Holocaust
(Pettigrew et al. 2009). This new report builds on that
earlier work by critically examining English school
studentsā knowledge and understanding of this history.
In both cases, research findings have been ā and will
continue to be ā used to develop an innovative and
ground-breaking programme of continuing professional
development (CPD) for teachers and educational
resources that are uniquely responsive to clearly identified
classroom needs. The UCL Centre for Holocaust
Education is the only institution of its kind, both within
the United Kingdom and internationally, where pioneering
empirical research is placed at the heart of work to
support teachers and their students encountering this
profoundly important yet complex and challenging
subject in schools.
The Centre offers a wide-ranging educational
programme appropriate to teachers at all stages of their
careers through a carefully constructed āpathway of
professional developmentā. This provides opportunities
for individuals to progressively deepen their knowledge
and improve their practice. It offers a national programme
of Initial Teacher Education in Holocaust education and a
variety of in-depth and subject-specific CPD. In addition,
the Centre also offers online distance learning facilities,
including a fully accredited taught Masters-level module
The Holocaust in the Curriculum. Through its Beacon
School programme, Centre staff work intensively
with up to 20 schools across England each year in order
to recognise and further develop exemplary
whole-school approaches and effective pedagogy.
All of the courses and classroom materials developed
by the UCL Centre for Holocaust Education are available
free of charge to teachers working in Englandās statefunded
secondary schools. Further information can be
found at www.ioe.ac.uk/holocaust
Permutations and foster problems: two puzzles or one?
How are permutation arguments for the inscrutability of reference to be formulated in the context of a Davidsonian truth-theoretic semantics? Davidson (1979) takes these arguments to establish that there are no grounds for favouring a reference scheme that assigns London to āLondresā, rather than one that assigns Sydney to that name. We shall see, however, that it is far from clear whether permutation arguments work when set out in the context of the kind of truth-theoretic semantics which Davidson favours. The principle required to make the argument work allows us to resurrect Foster problems against the Davidsonian position. The Foster problems and the permutation inscrutability problems stand or fall together: they are one puzzle, not two
Continuity and Change: Ten years of teaching and learning about the Holocaust in England's secondary schools
To what extent has COVID-19 impacted hard-to-reach energy audiences?
Energy users who donāt participate in efficiency and conservation programmes despite ongoing outreach are often referred to as āHard-to-Reachā (HTR). These individuals or organisations can include, e.g., low income or vulnerable households; renters; and small businesses. More effectively engaging HTR audiences is key to ensuring everyone benefits equitably from low-carbon energy transitions and related (policy) interventions. This is even more so the case in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the ongoing implications for energy use and affordability for the most vulnerable (and newly-vulnerable) members of our society.Within this context, the main purpose of this paper is to explore the extent to which HTR energy audiences have been impacted by COVID-19. Our primary method for this work was a comprehensive, critical literature review and a compilation of official statistics. We also collected survey, interview and focus group data during 2020 COVID-19 pandemic responses in the U.S., UK, NZ and Sweden. The geographical scope is determined by a 3-year project focusing on HTR energy users and implemented in partnership with the User-Centred Energy Systems Technology Collaboration Programme (Users TCP) by the International Energy Agency (IEA). Key findings we highlight and discuss in this paper:ā Sweden has taken a different approach to manage COVID-19, yet when it comes to mobility, declines in demand (~25%) have shown relatively similar patterns to countries with stricter measures. ā In the UK, energy debt is growing due to higher domestic consumption arising from lockdown measures and the reduced income of many households. Most households (72%) have increased their energy (monthly gas and electricity bills are up Ā£32) use. In response, 36% are turning thermostats down and 27% limiting lighting.ā In the U.S., a survey of 1,000 energy customers found that more than 50% are using more energy, and monitoring their energy use less; 15% reported postponing a utility bill. ā NZās model COVID-19 āeliminationā response has included housing, financial support, and specific energy payments to date, though unhealthy and unaffordable housing remains a major issue.Whereas the pandemic has exacerbated several elements of the HTR policy discourse (e.g. impacts on vulnerable and/or low-income households), our findings also reveal several opportunities and critical aspects for policy makers, researchers and utilities to identify and engage HTR energy users
A Pilot Study of Parent Mentors for Early Childhood Obesity
Objective. To assess the feasibility of a parent mentor model of intervention for early childhood obesity using positive deviance-based methods to inform the intervention. Methods. In this pilot, randomized clinical trial, parent-child dyads (age: 2ā5) with children whose body mass index (BMI) was ā„95th percentile were randomized to parent mentor intervention or community health worker comparison. The childās height and weight were measured at baseline, after the six-month intervention, and six months after the intervention. Feasibility outcomes were recruitment, participation, and retention. The primary clinical outcome was BMI z-score change. Results. Sixty participants were enrolled, and forty-eight completed the six-month intervention. At baseline, the BMI z-score in the parent mentor group was 2.63 (SD = 0.65) and in the community health worker group it was 2.61 (SD = 0.89). For change in BMI z-score over time, there was no difference by randomization group at the end of the intervention: ā0.02 (95% CI: ā0.26, 0.22). At the end of the intervention, the BMI z-score for the parent mentor group was 2.48 (SD = 0.58) and for the community health worker group it was 2.45 (SD = 0.91), both reduced from baseline, p<0.001. Conclusion. The model of a parent mentor clinical trial is feasible, and both randomized groups experienced small, sustained effects on adiposity in an obese, Hispanic population
Unresolved issues with the assessment of multidecadal global land surface temperature trends
This paper documents various unresolved issues in using surface temperature trends as a metric for assessing global and regional climate change. A series of examples ranging from errors caused by temperature measurements at a monitoring station to the undocumented biases in the regionally and globally averaged time series are provided. The issues are poorly understood or documented and relate to micrometeorological impacts due to warm bias in nighttime minimum temperatures, poor siting of the instrumentation, effect of winds as well as surface atmospheric water vapor content on temperature trends, the quantification of uncertainties in the homogenization of surface temperature data, and the influence of land use/land cover (LULC) change on surface temperature trends. Because of the issues presented in this paper related to the analysis of multidecadal surface temperature we recommend that greater, more complete documentation and quantification of these issues be required for all observation stations that are intended to be used in such assessments. This is necessary for confidence in the actual observations of surface temperature variability and long-term trends
In search of the authentic nation: landscape and national identity in Canada and Switzerland
While the study of nationalism and national identity has flourished in the last decade, little attention has been devoted to the conditions under which natural environments acquire significance in definitions of nationhood. This article examines the identity-forming role of landscape depictions in two polyethnic nation-states: Canada and Switzerland. Two types of geographical national identity are identified. The first ā what we call the ānationalisation of natureāā portrays zarticular landscapes as expressions of national authenticity. The second pattern ā what we refer to as the ānaturalisation of the nationāā rests upon a notion of geographical determinism that depicts specific landscapes as forces capable of determining national identity. The authors offer two reasons why the second pattern came to prevail in the cases under consideration: (1) the affinity between wild landscape and the Romantic ideal of pure, rugged nature, and (2) a divergence between the nationalist ideal of ethnic homogeneity and the polyethnic composition of the two societies under consideration
- ā¦