Farmers’ perceptions towards production of Ojinegra lamb meat, an autochthonous sheep breed

Over the last two decades, in Spain there has been a growing interest in recovering and maintaining autochthonous livestock breeds. This has partly occurred because these breeds are considered essential to coping with changing socio-economic and environmental conditions. The aim of the present work is to analyze the perceptions of the farmers toward the production lamb meat from an autochthonous livestock breed in Spain. In addition, were explored the interrelationships between these perceptions and characteristics of farms as well as the farmers’ objectives. The information used was obtained from a sample of 34 lamb meat producers of an autochthone sheep breed originally from northeastern Spain. The statistical analysis performed was descriptive analysis, factor analysis and cluster analysis. The results show that breeders greatly value the positive effects of sheep breeding on rural development, which generate employment in disadvantaged areas. The cluster analysis reveals the existence of two groups of farmers with different perceptions. Moreover, results indicate that the positive perceptions of producers toward autochthonous breeds are closely related to the farmers’ objectives. Hence, public and private organization initiatives that seek to promote the development of a particular breed should account for livestock farm heterogeneity. En las dos últimas décadas se ha producido en España un creciente interés por recuperar y mantener razas de ganado autóctonas, en parte por considerarse esenciales en la adaptación a condiciones socio-económicas y ambientales cambiantes. El objetivo del trabajo es analizar las percepciones de un grupo de productores hacia la carne de cordero de una raza autóctona, relacionándolas con diferentes objetivos de los ganaderos y con características de sus explotaciones. La información empleada en el estudio se obtuvo a partir de entrevistas personales dirigidas a una muestra de 34 productores de ovino de la raza autóctona originaria del noreste de España. El análisis estadístico consistió en análisis descriptivo, factorial y cluster. Los resultados indican que los ganaderos valoran mucho el efecto positivo de la explotación de la raza sobre el desarrollo rural y la generación de empleo en zonas desfavorecidas. La segmentación realizada muestra la existencia de dos grupos de productores con percepciones diferentes hacia la raza. Además las percepciones positivas de los ganaderos hacia la raza autóctona, están muy relacionadas con los objetivos perseguidos por los ganaderos en su explotación. Es por ello que cualquier medida tomada por organizaciones públicas ó privadas que pretenda la promoción y fomento de una raza, debería tener en cuenta la heterogeneidad de las explotaciones

Actitudes de los consumidores y productores hacia la carne de cordero de raza Ojinegra de Teruel

raza Ojinegra de TeruelPublishe

Evaluación de las Acciones Eólicas Transversales en Edificios de más de 50m mediante Métodos Analíticos

This paper presents the relevance that can reach the cross-wind actions when isolated buildings with more that 50m height are designed by means of the different analysis methodologies that are stablishes in those three international codes: Eurocode, Australian and Japanese. This paper includes both cross-wind loads that are the result of periodic wind oscillations due to vortex shedding and that should unavoidably be considered in any isolated building, and wind actions that are a consequence of the frequency coupling between the vortex shedding and the fundamental frequency of the building. These actions may determine the design of the structure that has to face the horizontal actions over the building.En el presente trabajo se evalúa la relevancia que pueden llegar a adquirir las acciones eólicas transversales cuando se diseñan edificios aislados de más de 50m mediante las diferentes metodologías de análisis que establecen tres normas internacionales, el Eurocódigo, la norma australiana y la norma japonesa. El trabajo incluye tanto las acciones transversales que resultan de las oscilaciones periódicas del viento debido al desprendimiento de los vórtices, y que debiera ser considerado inevitablemente en cualquier edificio aislado, así como las acciones eólicas que son consecuencia del acoplamiento de frecuencias entre el propio desprendimiento de los vórtices y la frecuencia fundamental en sentido transversal del edificio, pudiendo dichas fuerzas llegar a condicionar el diseño de la estructura que debe hacer frente a las acciones horizontales del edificio

El Diseño Basado en Prestaciones frente al Incendio de las Estructuras de Edificación

This Paper presents the advantages of Performance-Based Design regarding safety of structures under fire action. A general vision of this method is provided, and the advantages of its application are shown through a real case study. Although Performance Based Design has a long career in countries such as United Kingdom, United States or Japan, with more than 30 years of development and evolution, in Spain the code has allowed to use this method since just a decade ago. Nevertheless, although Spanish Building Technical Code encourages designers to carry out this work strategy, the information that is included for this purpose is yet scarce.En el presente trabajo se presentan las ventajas de utilizar el Diseño Basado en Prestaciones cuando se afronta la seguridad de las estructuras frente a la acción del incendio, se aporta una visión general del método y se muestran las ventajas de su aplicación en proyectos singulares de edificación a través de un caso real de estudio. Aunque el diseño prestacional tiene un amplio recorrido en países como el Reino Unido, Estados Unidos o Japón, con más de 30 años de evolución y desarrollo, en España hace apenas una década que la normativa ha abierto las puertas a utilizar el diseño prestacional. Sin embargo, aunque el Código Técnico de la Edificación anima a los diseñadores a llevar a cabo esta estrategia de trabajo, aún es poca la información que incorpora para tal fin

Static Modulation Wave of Arrays of Halogen Interactions Transduced to a Hierarchy of Nanoscale Change Stimuli of Crystalline Rotors Dynamics

Here we present a study where what can be seen as a static modulation wave encompassing four successive arrays of interacting iodine atoms in cryst. 1,​4-​Bis((4\u27-​(iodoethynyl)​phenyl) ethynyl)​bicyclo[2,​2,​2]​octane rotors changes the structure from one-​half mol. to three-​and-​a-​half mols. in the asym. unit below a phase transition at 105 K.  The remarkable finding is that the total 1H spin-​lattice relaxation rate, T1-​1, of unprecedented complexity to date in mol. rotors, is the weighted sum of the relaxation rates of the four contributing rotors relaxation rates, each with distinguishable exchange frequencies reflecting Arrhenius parameters with different activation barriers (Ea) and attempt frequencies (τo-​1)​.  This allows us to show in tandem with rotor-​environment interaction energy calcns. how the dynamics of mol. rotors are able to decode structural information from their surroundings with remarkable nanoscale precision

Gearing motion in cogwheel pairs of molecular rotors: weak-coupling limit

Variable-​temp. (VT) crystal structures, VT 1H spin-​lattice relaxation in static crystals, and DFT modeling of the rotational barriers of BCP rotators in cryst. arrays of a rod-​like mol. contg. two 1,​3-​bis(ethynyl)​bicyclo[1.1.1]​pentane (BCP) units demonstrate that a correlated gearing motion occurs in the limit of a weak coupling between two rotors in a pair

Changing gears to neutral in a polymorph of one-dimensional arrays of cogwheel-like pairs of molecular rotors

We report on a polymorph (2) of an amphidynamic crystal of molecular rods with two helical 1,4-bis(ethynyl)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane rotators where half of the rod-like molecules appear to be shifted with respect to their closest neighbours. This translation takes cogwheel-like pairs of rotators apart in the lattice in such a way that their motion becomes uncorrelated. This property is to be contrasted with the highly correlated motion found to govern the rotators in a recently-published polymorph 1 of the same material. As with polymorph 1, this motion is shown to take place independently of mutations in the handedness of the rotators and of the ‘mutamer’-induced second harmonic generation

Sfrp3 modulates stromal-epithelial crosstalk during mammary gland development by regulating Wnt levels

Mammary stroma is essential for epithelial morphogenesis and development. Indeed, postnatal mammary gland (MG) development is controlled locally by the repetitive and bi-directional cross-talk between the epithelial and the stromal compartment. However, the signalling pathways involved in stromal–epithelial communication are not entirely understood. Here, we identify Sfrp3 as a mediator of the stromal–epithelial communication that is required for normal mouse MG development. Using Drosophila wing imaginal disc, we demonstrate that Sfrp3 functions as an extracellular transporter of Wnts that facilitates their diffusion, and thus, their levels in the boundaries of different compartments. Indeed, loss of Sfrp3 in mice leads to an increase of ductal invasion and branching mirroring an early pregnancy state. Finally, we observe that loss of Sfrp3 predisposes for invasive breast cancer. Altogether, our study shows that Sfrp3 controls MG morphogenesis by modulating the stromal-epithelial cross-talk during pubertal development

Nerve growth factor (NGF) pathway biomarkers in Down syndrome prior to and after the onset of clinical Alzheimer's disease : A paired CSF and plasma study

Altres ajuts: This work was also supported by the National Institutes of Health (R21AG056974 and R01AG061566 to JF); Departament de Salut de la Generalitat de Catalunya, Pla Estratègic de Recerca i Innovació en Salut (SLT002/16/00408 to AL); Fundació La Marató de TV3 (20141210 to JF, 044412 to RB). Fundació Catalana Síndrome de Down and Fundació Víctor Grífols i Lucas partially supported this work. This work was also supported by Generalitat de Catalunya (SLT006/17/00119 to JF) and a grant from the Fundació Bancaria La Caixa to RB.The discovery that nerve growth factor (NGF) metabolism is altered in Down syndrome (DS) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains offered a framework for the identification of novel biomarkers signalling NGF deregulation in AD pathology. We examined levels of NGF pathway proteins (proNGF, neuroserpin, tissue plasminogen activator [tPA], and metalloproteases [MMP]) in matched cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)/plasma samples from AD-symptomatic (DSAD) and AD-asymptomatic (aDS) individuals with DS, as well as controls (HC). ProNGF and MMP-3 were elevated while tPA was decreased in plasma from individuals with DS. CSF from individuals with DS showed elevated proNGF, neuroserpin, MMP-3, and MMP-9. ProNGF and MMP-9 in CSF differentiated DSAD from aDS (area under the curve = 0.86, 0.87). NGF pathway markers associated with CSF amyloid beta and tau and differed by sex. Brain NGF metabolism changes can be monitored in plasma and CSF, supporting relevance in AD pathology. These markers could assist staging, subtyping, or precision medicine for AD in DS