Anomalous phase of MnP at very low field

Manganese phosphide MnP has been investigated for decades because of its rich magnetic phase diagram. It is well known that the MnP exhibits the ferromagnetic phase transition at \Tc=292 K and the helical magnetic phase below \TN=47 K at zero field. Recently, a novel magnetic phase transition was observed at $T^* = 282$ K when the magnetic field is lower than 5 Oe. However, the nature of the new phase has not been illuminated yet. In order to reveal it, we performed the AC and the DC magnetization measurements for a single crystal MnP at very low field. A divergent behavior of the real and the imaginary part of the AC susceptibility and a sharp increase of the DC magnetization was observed at $T^*$, indicating the magnetic phase transition at $T^*$. Furthermore a peculiar temperature hysteresis was observed: namely, the magnetization depends on whether cooling sample to the temperature lower than \TN or not before the measurements. This hysteresis phenomenon suggests the complicated nature of the new phase and a strong relation between the magnetic state of the new phase and the helical structure.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure

REDD+ on the rocks? Conflict over forest and politics of justice in Vietnam

In Vietnam, villagers involved in a REDD+ (reduced emissions from deforestation and forest degradation) pilot protect areas with rocks which have barely a tree on them. The apparent paradox indicates how actual practices differ from general ideas about REDD+ due to ongoing conflict over forest, and how contestations over the meaning of justice are a core element in negotiations over REDD+. We explore these politics of justice by examining how the actors involved in the REDD+ pilot negotiate the particular subjects, dimensions, and authority of justice considered relevant, and show how politics of justice are implicit to practical decisions in project implementation. Contestations over the meaning of justice are an important element in the practices and processes constituting REDD+ at global, national and local levels, challenging uniform definitions of forest justice and how forests ought to be managed

The political context of AIDS-related stigma and knowledge in a South African township

The purpose of this study was to examine the presentation of AIDS-related stigma and knowledge within the political context of the South African government\'s response to the AIDS epidemic. It was during the 2000 - 2004 period that key government officials publicly challenged the orthodox views of HIV/AIDS, with the South African president, Thabo Mbeki, actively positing the primary role of poverty and other socio-economic stressors in the progression of the AIDS epidemic. This discursive position had real-time effects for AIDS policy-making and ultimately delayed the implementation of a national antiretroviral (ARV) rollout programme. Consequently this position was criticised by commentators in the media and elsewhere for contributing to an already widespread climate of AIDS stigmatisation and misinformation. To shed more light on these claims we conducted a survey in 2005 in Atteridgeville, a South African township, and compared results with those of a similar survey conducted shortly after ARV medications became available in 2004. Results indicated a reduction in AIDS stigma levels across the 1-year period, and that those participants who endorsed contentious political views (such as those expressed by key government officials) were more likely to have a higher level of AIDS-related stigma than those who disagreed. Nevertheless, this study cautions against drawing a causal relationship between the South African government\'s position and AIDS-stigmatising attitudes, and suggests that further political and social factors be accounted for in an attempt to gain a fuller understanding of this seemingly complex relationship. Keywords: HIV/AIDS, AIDS-related stigma, South African government, AIDS debate, antiretroviral rollout, Atteridgeville.SAHARA J Vol. 5 (2) 2008: pp. 74-8

Analytic structure of the S-matrix for singular quantum mechanics

The analytic structure of the S-matrix of singular quantum mechanics is examined within a multichannel framework, with primary focus on its dependence with respect to a parameter (Ω) that determines the boundary conditions. Specifically, a characterization is given in terms of salient mathematical and physical properties governing its behavior. These properties involve unitarity and associated current-conserving Wronskian relations, time-reversal invariance, and Blaschke factorization. The approach leads to an interpretation of effective nonunitary solutions in singular quantum mechanics and their determination from the unitary family.Fil: Camblong, Horacio E.. University of San Francisco; Estados UnidosFil: Epele, Luis Nicolas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Física La Plata. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Física La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Física. Laboratorio de Física Teórica; ArgentinaFil: Fanchiotti, Huner. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Física La Plata. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Física La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Física. Laboratorio de Física Teórica; ArgentinaFil: García Canal, Carlos Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Física La Plata. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Física La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Física. Laboratorio de Física Teórica; Argentin

Recent accelerated warming of the continental shelf off New Jersey : observations from the CMV Oleander expendable bathythermograph line

Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2015. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 120 (2015): 2370-2384, doi:10.1002/2014JC010516.Expendable bathythermographs (XBTs) have been launched along a repeat track from New Jersey to Bermuda from the CMV Oleander through the NOAA/NEFSC Ship of Opportunity Program about 14 times per year since 1977. The XBT temperatures on the Middle Atlantic Bight shelf are binned with 10 km horizontal and 5 m vertical resolution to produce monthly, seasonally, and annually averaged cross-shelf temperature sections. The depth-averaged shelf temperature, Ts, calculated from annually averaged sections that are spatially averaged across the shelf, increases at 0.026 ± 0.001°C yr−1 from 1977 to 2013, with the recent trend substantially larger than the overall 37 year trend (0.11 ± 0.02°C yr−1 since 2002). The Oleander temperature sections suggest that the recent acceleration in warming on the shelf is not confined to the surface, but occurs throughout the water column with some contribution from interactions between the shelf and the adjacent Slope Sea reflected in cross-shelf motions of the shelfbreak front. The local warming on the shelf cannot explain the region's amplified rate of sea level rise relative to the global mean. Additionally, Ts exhibits significant interannual variability with the warmest anomalies increasing in intensity over the 37 year record even as the cold anomalies remain relatively uniform throughout the record. Ts anomalies are not correlated with annually averaged coastal sea level anomalies at zero lag. However, positive correlation is found between 2 year lagged Ts anomalies and coastal sea level anomalies, suggesting that the region's sea level anomalies may serve as a predictor of shelf temperature.J.F. was supported as a Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Summer Student Fellow by the National Science Foundation's Research Experiences for Undergraduates through OCE-0649139. M.A. received support through OCE-1332667 and G.G. through OCE-1435602.2015-09-2

Shelfbreak jet structure and variability off New Jersey using ship of opportunity data from the CMV Oleander

© The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Forsyth, J., Andres, M., & Gawarkiewicz, G. . Shelfreak jet structure and variability off New Jersey using ship of opportunity data from the CMV Oleander. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 125(9), (2020): e2020JC016455. doi:10.1029/2020JC016455.Repeat measurements of velocity and temperature profiles from the Container Motor Vessel (CMV) Oleander provide an unprecedented look into the variability on the New Jersey Shelf and upper continental slope. Here 1362 acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) velocity sections collected between 1994 and 2018 are analyzed in both Eulerian and stream coordinate reference frames to characterize the mean structure of the Shelfbreak Jet, as well as its seasonal to decadal variability. The Eulerian mean Shelfbreak Jet has a maximum jet velocity of 0.12 m s−1. The maximum jet velocity peaks in April and May and reaches its minimum in July and August. In a stream coordinate framework, the jet is only identified in 61% of transects, and the mean stream coordinate Shelfbreak Jet has a maximum jet velocity of 0.32 m s−1. Evidence is found that Warm Core Rings, originating from the Gulf Stream arriving in the Slope Sea adjacent to the New Jersey Shelf, shift the Shelfbreak Jet onshore of its mean position or entirely shutdown the Shelfbreak Jet's flow. At interannual timescales, variability in the Shelfbreak Jet velocity is correlated with the temperature on the New Jersey Shelf 2 months later. When considered in a stream coordinate framework, Shelfbreak Jet have decreased over the time period considered in the study.J. F. and M. A. were supported by NSF OCE‐1634094 and OCE‐1924041. G. G was supported by NSF OCE‐1851261

The impact of Warm Core Rings on Middle Atlantic Bight shelf temperature and shelf break velocity

© The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Forsyth, J., Gawarkiewicz, G., & Andres, M. The impact of Warm Core Rings on Middle Atlantic Bight shelf temperature and shelf break velocity. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 127, (2022): e2021JC017759, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021jc017759.Warm Core Rings (WCRs) are known to disrupt the shelf flow as well as drive strong heat transport onto the Middle Atlantic Bight shelf. We examine 27 rings sampled by the container ship Oleander, 16 rings which have in-situ velocity data and 11 rings identified from satellite sea surface height but with in-situ temperature data, to study the variability in rings' impact on shelf break velocities and on the temperature of the adjacent shelf. WCRs that have higher rotational velocities and are closer to the shelf are found to exert greater influence on the along-shelf velocities, with the fastest and closest rings reversing the direction of flow at the shelf break. As rings approach the study site, the Shelfbreak Jet is faster than when the rings are about to exit the study site, likely due to first steepening then flattening of the isopycnals at the Shelfbreak Front. Rings also have lasting impacts on the shelf temperature: rings with faster rotational velocities cool the shelf and rings with slower rotational velocities warm the shelf. The evolution of temperature on the shelf as a ring passes is strongly tied to the season. During warmer seasons, when temperature stratification on the shelf is strong, a ring cools the shelf; during periods of weak thermal stratification, rings tend to warm the shelf. Rings which cool the shelf are additionally associated with increased upwelling as they pass the study site.J. Forsyth and M. Andres were supported by OCE-1924041. J. Forsyth and G. Gawarkiewicz were supported by ONR N00014-19-1-2646. G. Gawarkiewicz was also supported by NSF under grant OCE-1851261

Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Secretome Driven T Cell Immunomodulation Is IL-10 Dependent

Financial support was provided by the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Iraq (S1443) and the Guy Hilton Asthma Trust.Peer reviewedPublisher PD