Four New Synthetic Elements Approved

Recently, chemists and physicists in the Joint Working Party (JWP) have approved the new elements, but what is the significance and how can we make use of elements that exist so fleetingly

The Feasibility and Potential of Training Correctional Officers in Flexible Styles of Communication to Reduce Burnout: A Multiple Baseline Trial in Real-Life Settings

Background: Burnout is typically high among correctional officers. By a training intervention in the flexible communication style ‘everyday conversations’ as a way to increase job-related resources, this study aimed to reduce burnout in Swedish correctional officers. Methods: In a stepped wedged waiting list design, 13 prison wards with 266 employees were randomized to the everyday conversations intervention at different time points during the study period. Burnout was measured using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey scales over 16 time points. Results: A significant reduction in cynicism was found. In addition, moderation effects relating to personal motivators and characteristics were found. Conclusion: There is feasibility and potential to implement communication skills to reduce burnout among employees in real-life prison settings

Decay of the High-K Isomeric State to a Rotational Band in 257Rf

The 257Rf isotope has been populated via the 208Pb(50Ti, n) fusion-evaporation reaction and delayed gamma-ray and electron decay spectroscopy has been performed. The existence of a high-K isomeric state in 257Rf has been confirmed. The isomeric state decays into a rotational band based on the 11/2(-)[725] excitation, which was observed up to spin of (23/2(-)). Three multipolarity-E1 gamma transitions depopulating the isomeric state have been observed, which fixes the spin for that state to (21/2(+)). This assignment agrees with theoretical predictions calculated with the microscopic-macroscopic approach, which suggest the isomeric state to be formed by coupling an unpaired 11/2(-)[725] quasineutron to the (1/2(-)[521] circle times 9/2(+)[624])(5)- two-quasiproton state. The same two-quasiproton excitation is possible for the lowest isomer in 256Rf

First Experiment at TASCA Towards X-Ray Fingerprinting of Element 115 Decay Chains

To identify the atomic number of superheavy nuclei produced in Ca-48-induced fusion-evaporation reactions, an experiment aiming at measuring characteristic X-rays is being prepared at GSI, Darmstadt, Germany. The gas-filled separator TASCA will be employed, sending the residues towards the multi-coincidence detector setup TASISpec. Two ion-optical modes relying on differing magnetic polarities of the quadrupole magnets can be used at TASCA. New simulations and experimental tests of transmission and background suppression for these two focusing modes into TASISpec are presented

Alpha-Photon Coincidence Spectroscopy Along Element 115 Decay Chains

Produced in the reaction 48Ca+243Am, thirty correlated α-decay chains were observed in an experiment conducted at the GSI Helmholzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany. The decay chains are basically consistent with previous findings and are considered to originate from isotopes of element 115 with mass numbers 287, 288, and 289. A set-up aiming specifically for high-resolution charged particle and photon coincidence spectroscopy was placed behind the gas-filled separator TASCA. For the first time, γ rays as well as X-ray candidates were observed in prompt coincidence with the α-decay chains of element 115

Element 115

This thesis is devoted to detailed studies of element 115 decay chains using the highly efficient multi-coincidence alpha, electron, gamma and X-ray detector setup TASISpec at the gas-filled separator TASCA at GSI, Darmstadt, Germany. In a three-week long experiment thirty new decay chains assumed to stem from element 115 isotopes were observed together with the very first detections of gamma rays and potential X-rays from these nuclei. Paper I describes preparations in terms of optimisations of the magnetic fields in TASCA. Paper II presents data from 23 of the observed chains and the very first level schemes along element 115 decay chains, and discusses the first observation of potential X-rays. In Paper III aspects of the data analysis are described. Paper IV considers correlations along element 115 decay chains and a generalisation of a previously devised test for congruence of data sets. Paper V presents the remaining seven chains from our experiment and discusses possible isotopic origins of those chains as well as similar chains observed at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Reactions, Dubna, Russia and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, USA. Paper VI is a popular science article about new chemical elements

Tagging Efficiency Measurements at High Intensities

The Swedish National Laboratory MAX-lab contains a facility for production of bremsstrahlung photons for photonuclear experiments. A so called "tagging technique" allows for a determination of the energy of the individual photons via a spectrometric measurement of the energy of the corresponding electron. Some of these photons are lost in a collimation process. The fraction of photons in the collimated beam divided by the number of particles that are detected in the spectrometer is called the tagging efficiency and is used to determine the photon flux that impinges on the target, which is a parameter that is needed in order to determine absolute cross sections. The tagging efficiency depends on various factors, such as radiator thickness, steering of the beam and collimator size, and is measured approximately once a day to make sure that the experimental setup does not change in time. The measurements are usually made at an intensity that is several orders of magnitude lower than during production runs, due to the fact that a detector has to be placed directly in the photon beam. It is assumed that the measured tagging efficiency is the same as the tagging efficiency at high intensities, but this has not been verified before for the upgraded facility that was built in 2005. This thesis presents measurements of the tagging efficiency at various intensities at the new facility, showing that the tagging efficiency is independent of intensity and that there is no systematic error in measuring it at much lower intensities than under normal experimental conditions. The measurements at high intensities were done using lead absorbers that attenuated the photon beam. The experimental setup and the analysis of the data is presented. The tagging efficiency was found to be, within error bars, independent of the intensity over three orders of magnitude, ranging up to approximately 4% of full intensity

The nurse's experiences caring for people with HIV : A literature study

HIV är en obotlig sjukdom som gör att kroppens immunförsvar bryts ner. Att möta och vårda personer med HIV kan ses som en utmaning för sjuksköterskor eftersom det är en grupp människor som är stigmatiserade och diskriminerade i samhället. Idag finns mer kunskap att en diagnos inte är lika med en dödsdom vilket var fallet på 1980-talet när de första fallen av HIV rapporterades. Syftet med studien var att beskriva sjuksköterskors upplevelser av att vårda personer med HIV. En litteraturstudie genomfördes där tio vetenskapliga artiklar publicerade mellan 2009–2020 analyserades med en manifest kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Fyra kategorier framkom i resultatet som presenteras med brödtext. Resultatet ger insikt i vad sjuksköterskor upplever som svårt och utmanande men även vad som skapar positiva känslor och stolthet i yrkesutövningen. Betydelsen av att ha kunskap och medkänsla för att kunna utföra en personcentrerad vård lyfts fram i resultatet. Kunskap och medkänsla är viktigt för att kunna utföra en personcentrerad vård, för att komma förbi hinder som förutfattade meningar och stigmatisering. Vården utvecklas hela tiden, därför är det viktigt för sjuksköterskor att hålla sig uppdaterade med den nyaste kunskapen. Även betydelsen av att som sjuksköterskor arbeta i team för att stärka varandra till att kunna utföra en bra vård på personniv