Nuovi Polimeri di Coordinazione Mediante Autoassemblaggio dell'Unità Trinucleare [Cu3(3-OH)(-Pz)3]2+ ed Anioni Bicarbossilato.

The self-assembling of CuII ions, pyrazole (HPz), and bicarboxylate anions lead to different Coordination Polymers (CPs), based on the triangular trinuclear cluster [Cu3(3-OH)(-Pz)]2+ or on mononuclear units. Using the bicarboxylate ions succinate (Succ), glutarate (Glut), adipate (Ad), methylfumarate (Mesac) and fumarate (Fum) and employing different synthetic approaches, new trinuclear and mononuclear compounds were obtained. They were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, XRPD and room temperature magnetic susceptibility measurement and their structures were identified by SC-XRD. Trinuclear compounds [Cu3(3-OH)(-Pz)3(Succ)] (Str2), [Cu3(3-OH)(-Pz)3(Succ)(H2O)2]∙(H2O)x(MeOH)y (Str3), [Cu3(3-OH)(-Pz)3(Glut)(DMF)0.5] (Gtr4) and -[Cu3(3-OH)(-Pz)3(Ad)] (Atr2) assemble forming 3D frameworks, while [Cu3(3-OH)(-Pz)3(Mesac)(HPz)] (Mstr1) and [Cu3(3-OH)(-Pz)3(Fum)(HPz)] (Ftr1) present a 2D network and [Cu3(3-OH)(-Pz)3(Glut)(HPz)(H2O)2]∙0.5H2O (Gtr5) has a polymeric one-dimensional extension. Mononuclear compounds [Cu(HSucc)2(HPz)4] (Sm2) and [Cu(HGlut)2(HPz)4] (Gm2) have a molecular structure, while [Cu(Mesac)(HPz)2(H2O)]∙H2O (Msm1) is a one-dimensional CP. The structures characterized present common trinuclear units self-assembling, particularly the coupling in hexanuclear units (Str2, Gtr5, Atr2, Mstr1 and Ftr1) and the formation of six-units rings (Str3, Gtr4 and Atr2). Moreover, Mstr1 and Ftr1 are isoreticular. Compounds Str3 and Gtr4 have 3D channels, which are occupied by solvent molecules (Str3) or empty (Gtr4). These compounds are air stable and interesting for future application as sorption of small molecules.openTesi 371

Systematic Review on S-ICD Lead Extraction

Background and purposeSubcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillators (S-ICDs) have emerged in recent years as a valid alternative to traditional transvenous ICDs (TV-ICDs). Therefore, the number of S-ICD implantations is rising, leading to a consequent increase in S-ICD-related complications sometimes requiring complete device removal. Thus, the aim of this systematic review is to gather all the available literature on S-ICD lead extraction (SLE), with particular reference to the type of indication, techniques, complications and success rate.MethodsStudies were identified by searching electronic databases (Medline via PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science) from inception to 21 November 2022. The search strategy adopted was developed using the following key words: subcutaneous, S-ICD, defibrillator, ICD, extraction, explantation. Studies were included if they met both of the following criteria: (1) inclusion of patients with S-ICD; (2) inclusion of patients who underwent SLE.ResultsOur literature search identified 238 references. Based on the abstract evaluation, 38 of these citations were considered potentially eligible for inclusion, and their full texts were analyzed. We excluded 8 of these studies because no SLE was performed. Eventually, 30 studies were included, with 207 patients who underwent SLE. Overall, the majority of SLEs were performed for non-infective causes (59.90%). Infection of the device (affecting either the lead or the pocket) was the cause of SLE in 38.65% of cases. Indication data were not available in 3/207 cases. The mean dwelling time was 14 months. SLEs were performed using manual traction or with the aid of a tool designed for transvenous lead extraction (TLE), including either a rotational or non-powered mechanical dilator sheath.ConclusionsSLE is performed mainly for non-infective causes. Techniques vary greatly across different studies. Dedicated tools for SLE might be developed in the future and standard approaches should be defined. In the meantime, authors are encouraged to share their experience and data to further refine the existing variegated approaches

Nanoparticles exhibiting self-regulating temperature as innovative agents for Magnetic Fluid Hyperthermia

During the last few years, for therapeutic purposes in oncology, considerable attention has been focused on a method called magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) based on local heating of tumor cells. In this paper, an innovative, promising nanomaterial, M48 composed of iron oxide-based phases has been tested. M48 shows self-regulating temperature due to the observable second order magnetic phase transition from ferromagnetic to paramagnetic state. A specific hydrophilic coating based on both citrate ions and glucose molecules allows high biocompatibility of the nanomaterial in biological matrices and its use in vivo. MFH mediator efficiency is demonstrated in vitro and in vivo in breast cancer cells and tumors, confirming excellent features for biomedical application. The temperature increase, up to the Curie temperature, gives rise to a phase transition from ferromagnetic to paramagnetic state, promoting a shortage of the r2 transversal relaxivity that allows a switch in the contrast in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Combining this feature with a competitive high transversal (spin-spin) relaxivity, M48 paves the way for a new class of temperature sensitive T2 relaxing contrast agents. Overall, the results obtained in this study prepare for a more affordable and tunable heating mechanism preventing the damages of the surrounding healthy tissues and, at the same time, allowing monitoring of the temperature reached

Nuovi Polimeri di Coordinazione Mediante Autoassemblaggio dell'Unità Trinucleare [Cu3(3-OH)(-Pz)3]2+ ed Anioni Bicarbossilato.

The self-assembling of CuII ions, pyrazole (HPz), and bicarboxylate anions lead to different Coordination Polymers (CPs), based on the triangular trinuclear cluster [Cu3(3-OH)(-Pz)]2+ or on mononuclear units. Using the bicarboxylate ions succinate (Succ), glutarate (Glut), adipate (Ad), methylfumarate (Mesac) and fumarate (Fum) and employing different synthetic approaches, new trinuclear and mononuclear compounds were obtained. They were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, XRPD and room temperature magnetic susceptibility measurement and their structures were identified by SC-XRD. Trinuclear compounds [Cu3(3-OH)(-Pz)3(Succ)] (Str2), [Cu3(3-OH)(-Pz)3(Succ)(H2O)2]∙(H2O)x(MeOH)y (Str3), [Cu3(3-OH)(-Pz)3(Glut)(DMF)0.5] (Gtr4) and -[Cu3(3-OH)(-Pz)3(Ad)] (Atr2) assemble forming 3D frameworks, while [Cu3(3-OH)(-Pz)3(Mesac)(HPz)] (Mstr1) and [Cu3(3-OH)(-Pz)3(Fum)(HPz)] (Ftr1) present a 2D network and [Cu3(3-OH)(-Pz)3(Glut)(HPz)(H2O)2]∙0.5H2O (Gtr5) has a polymeric one-dimensional extension. Mononuclear compounds [Cu(HSucc)2(HPz)4] (Sm2) and [Cu(HGlut)2(HPz)4] (Gm2) have a molecular structure, while [Cu(Mesac)(HPz)2(H2O)]∙H2O (Msm1) is a one-dimensional CP. The structures characterized present common trinuclear units self-assembling, particularly the coupling in hexanuclear units (Str2, Gtr5, Atr2, Mstr1 and Ftr1) and the formation of six-units rings (Str3, Gtr4 and Atr2). Moreover, Mstr1 and Ftr1 are isoreticular. Compounds Str3 and Gtr4 have 3D channels, which are occupied by solvent molecules (Str3) or empty (Gtr4). These compounds are air stable and interesting for future application as sorption of small molecules

Transcatheter Treatment of Aortic Valve Disease Clinical and Technical Aspects

Degenerative aortic valve disease is the most common heart valve disease in western countries. After the onset of symptoms, the prognosis of aortic stenosis is poor, despite optimal medical therapy. In recent years transcatheter aortic valve implantation has been affirmed as a viable treatment for patients with high to low surgical risk. Patient screening and procedural planning are crucial for minimizing complications and achieving procedural success. In the last decade, we have seen a progressive technological development in the percutaneous approach, allowing for expanding indications even in low-risk populations. Here we report a brief review summarizing patient screening and procedural planning in patients with aortic valve disease undergoing a transcatheter approach

1D and 3D coordination polymers based on the Cu-3(mu(3)-OH)(mu-pz)(3) and Cu(Hpz)(3) SBUs connected by the flexible glutarate dianion

Different synthetic procedures lead to different coordination polymers (CPs) based either on the trinuclear triangular [Cu3(μ3-OH)(μ-pz)3]2+ or on the mononuclear [Cu(Hpz)3]2+ (Hpz = pyrazole) secondary building units (SBUs), bridged by the flexible glutarate (Glu) dianion. The mononuclear complex [Cu(HGlu)2(Hpz)4] was also obtained as byproduct. One of the CPs based on the trinuclear SBU displays a relevant porosity due to three intersecting channels, accounting for about 40% of the solvent accessible void space

Coordination polymers based on trinuclear and mononuclear copper-pyrazolate building moieties connected by fumarate or 2-methylfumarate ions

By reacting water solutions of pyrazole (Hpz) with copper(II) fumarate or 2-methylfumarate in solvothermal conditions two almost identical trinuclear triangular complexes, [Cu-3(mu(3)-OH)(mu-pz)(3){R(COO)(2)}(Hpz)], [R = CH = CH, C(CH3) = CH], have been obtained. The two carboxylate groups of both fumarate and 2-methylfumarate show different arrangements, one acting as monotopic ligand while the other one has a ditopic behavior. Thus, in both cases, wavy 2D isomorphous Coordination Polymers (CPs), that further self-assemble through strong H-bonds into two 3D networks, have been obtained. When copper(II) 2-methylfumarate was reacted with pyrazole at r.t. the mononuclear [Cu(Hpz)(2)(H2O)(2-methylfumarate) center dot H2O] complex was, in addition, obtained. In this case the bridging dianions produce instead monodimensional CPs that self-assemble into supramolecular tapes mediated by H-bond interactions, involving coordinated and crystallization water molecules. The mononuclear and trinuclear species were preliminary tested as catalysts for the oxidation of styrene by H2O2

Coordination Polymers Based on the Trinuclear Triangular Secondary Building Unit [Cu3(μ3-OH)(μ-pz)3]2+(pz = pyrazolate) and Succinate Anion

Reaction conditions (solvent, temperature, pressure) and reagents ratios control the formation of different products from the reactions involving Cu-II, pyrazole (Hpz), and succinate ion (Suc). Three different coordination polymers (CPs) (one of which porous) based on the trinuclear triangular Cu-3(mu(3)-OH)(mu-pz)(3) secondary building unit (SBU), as well as a 1D CP based on the Cu(Hpz)(2) SBU were obtained. Moreover, a 3D supramolecular network, formed through quite strong H-bonding interactions involving the mononuclear Cu(HSuc)(2)(Hpz)(4) complex, was also synthesized when an excess of H(2)Suc was added

An iron-oxide nanoparticle with therapeutic capability in Magnetic Fluid Hyperthermia and diagnostic capability in MRI and MPI

M55 belongs to a class of innovative nanomaterials, constituted by doped ferrite, with potential application in tumor therapy, as agents for Magnetic Fluid Hyperthermia (MFH), and in diagnosis, as contrast agents for MRI and MPI. Interestingly, such nanomaterials are characterized by a self-limiting temperature that can be modulated by adjusting the composition of the nanomaterial itself. M55 was coated with a double shell of citrate and glucose. We demonstrated that it has good capability as contrast agent for MRI and MPI. Moreover we tested its biocompatibility in a triple negative human breast cancer line and its efficacy as MFH agent in the same cell line. Despite relatively low SAR values in water solution, this agents was highly efficient in decreasing cell viability after two MFH treatments. Finally, we demonstrated that it can be useful to label cells for cell tracking in MPI. Although preliminary, these results are encouraging and push toward in vivo tests of such material.&nbsp