Intranasal Vaccine Formulation: Advancing Towards Nasal Dry Powder Formulation

© 2023 The Author(s). Published by University of Huddersfield Press. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY), https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Unlike conventional mRNA vaccines, intranasal vaccines display several advantages, including the ability to generate strong mucosal immunity. However, the formulation challenges associated with intranasal mRNA vaccines have so far hindered their extensive application and further research in the area of formulation development and optimisation are required before translation. This study aims to optimise the manufacturing conditions of inhalable dry powders by examining the impact of temperature and lipid composition on liposome particle size and the effect of spray-drying parameters on the particle size of spray-dried powders. The results indicate that liposomes generated at 20°C exhibited notably larger sizes than those produced at 55°C, irrespective of the lipid composition. Notably, dry powder formulations featuring larger particle sizes were achieved at a low gas flow rate of 25mm.Peer reviewe

Corporate social responsibility, marketing capabilities and consumer behavioral responses

Purpose – The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of corporate social responsibility (CSR) andmarketing capability on consumer behavioral responses in the mobile telecommunication industry in Ghana.Particularly, the study estimated the moderating effect of marketing capability on the relationship betweenCSR and consumer behavioral responses.Design/methodology/approach – Both customers and employees of three major mobile telecommunicationcompanies were sampled for this work. A mixed linear regression technique was used to examine therelationship between corporate responsibility, marketing capability and customer behavioral responses.Findings – The empirical results revealed that marketing capabilities moderate the relationship between CSRand consumer responses in the telecommunication industry.Research limitations/implications – The study proposes practical dimensions to the mobiletelecommunication companies that the extensive development of strong marketing capabilities serves aconduit for CSR to achieve favorable consumer responses.Originality/value – The results have opened up rather a limitation studies on the moderation role marketingcapabilities in relationship between CSR and consumer behavioral responses in the telecommunicationindustry

The Antecedents Of Process Innovation And Smes Growth: Empirical Evidence From Shoe Manufacturing Sector In The Ashanti Region Of Ghana

This article contributes to the study of process innovation as a growth strategy for SMEs, enriching and complementing the widely held view that innovation in general impacts positively on SMEs productivity and growth. In furtherance, this study looks at the process innovation from three main angles as proposed by the Oslo Manuel, which are new process, improved process, and new and improved distribution. Firm level data were purposively collected from shoes manufacturing companies located in the Ashanti Region of Ghana, where Structural Equation Model were employed in coming out with the path estimates in determining the relationship between the variables. The results indicated that, adoption of new and improved distribution strategy impact positively on the growth of the SMEs, by way of reducing the cost of operations and increases customers’ satisfaction. This was followed by the adoption of improved process strategy, where the productivity saw a massive improvement in the areas of quality and quantity, but there was no significance in the reduction of cost of production, whereas the adoption of new process strategy saw an increase in production, but its associated high cost of production negated the growth, to impact negatively on the growth of the SMEs. Base on the results from the study, our results suggest that adoption of process innovation have significant effect on the performance of the shoes manufacturing, the positive impact is not a wholesale, therefore entrepreneurs should not adopt all process innovation blanketly