203 research outputs found
Packed Ultra-wideband Mapping Array (PUMA): A Radio Telescope for Cosmology and Transients
PUMA is a proposal for an ultra-wideband, low-resolution and transit
interferometric radio telescope operating at . Its
design is driven by six science goals which span three science themes: the
physics of dark energy (measuring the expansion history and growth of the
universe up to ), the physics of inflation (constraining primordial
non-Gaussianity and primordial features) and the transient radio sky (detecting
one million fast radio bursts and following up SKA-discovered pulsars). We
propose two array configurations composed of hexagonally close-packed 6m dish
arrangements with 50% fill factor. The initial 5,000 element 'petite array' is
scientifically compelling, and can act as a demonstrator and a stepping stone
to the full 32,000 element 'full array'. Viewed as a 21cm intensity mapping
telescope, the program has the noise equivalent of a traditional spectroscopic
galaxy survey comprised of 0.6 and 2.5 billion galaxies at a comoving
wavenumber of spanning the redshift range for the petite and full configurations, respectively. At redshifts beyond
, the 21cm technique is a uniquely powerful way of mapping the universe,
while the low-redshift range will allow for numerous cross-correlations with
existing and upcoming surveys. This program is enabled by the development of
ultra-wideband radio feeds, cost-effective dish construction methods, commodity
radio-frequency electronics driven by the telecommunication industry and the
emergence of sufficient computing power to facilitate real-time signal
processing that exploits the full potential of massive radio arrays. The
project has an estimated construction cost of 55 and 330 million FY19 USD for
the petite and full array configurations. Including R&D, design, operations and
science analysis, the cost rises to 125 and 600 million FY19 USD, respectively.Comment: 10 pages + references, 3 figures, 3 tables; project white paper
submitted to the Astro2020 decadal survey; further details in updated
arXiv:1810.0957
Clinical, radiologic, pathologic, and molecular characteristics of long-term survivors of diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG): a collaborative report from the International and European Society for Pediatric Oncology DIPG registries
Purpose Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a brainstem malignancy with a median survival of < 1 year. The International and European Society for Pediatric Oncology DIPG Registries collaborated to compare clinical, radiologic, and histomolecular characteristics between short-term survivors (STSs) and long-term survivors (LTSs). Materials and Methods Data abstracted from registry databases included patients from North America, Australia, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Italy, France, the United Kingdom, and Croatia. Results Among 1,130 pediatric and young adults with radiographically confirmed DIPG, 122 (11%) were excluded. Of the 1,008 remaining patients, 101 (10%) were LTSs (survival ≥ 2 years). Median survival time was 11 months (interquartile range, 7.5 to 16 months), and 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-year survival rates were 42.3% (95% CI, 38.1% to 44.1%), 9.6% (95% CI, 7.8% to 11.3%), 4.3% (95% CI, 3.2% to 5.8%), 3.2% (95% CI, 2.4% to 4.6%), and 2.2% (95% CI, 1.4% to 3.4%), respectively. LTSs, compared with STSs, more commonly presented at age < 3 or > 10 years (11% v 3% and 33% v 23%, respectively; P < .001) and with longer symptom duration ( P < .001). STSs, compared with LTSs, more commonly presented with cranial nerve palsy (83% v 73%, respectively; P = .008), ring enhancement (38% v 23%, respectively; P = .007), necrosis (42% v 26%, respectively; P = .009), and extrapontine extension (92% v 86%, respectively; P = .04). LTSs more commonly received systemic therapy at diagnosis (88% v 75% for STSs; P = .005). Biopsies and autopsies were performed in 299 patients (30%) and 77 patients (10%), respectively; 181 tumors (48%) were molecularly characterized. LTSs were more likely to harbor a HIST1H3B mutation (odds ratio, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.1 to 1.5; P = .002). Conclusion We report clinical, radiologic, and molecular factors that correlate with survival in children and young adults with DIPG, which are important for risk stratification in future clinical trials
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Inflation and Dark Energy from spectroscopy at z > 2
The expansion of the Universe is understood to have accelerated during two
epochs: in its very first moments during a period of Inflation and much more
recently, at z < 1, when Dark Energy is hypothesized to drive cosmic
acceleration. The undiscovered mechanisms behind these two epochs represent
some of the most important open problems in fundamental physics. The large
cosmological volume at 2 < z < 5, together with the ability to efficiently
target high- galaxies with known techniques, enables large gains in the
study of Inflation and Dark Energy. A future spectroscopic survey can test the
Gaussianity of the initial conditions up to a factor of ~50 better than our
current bounds, crossing the crucial theoretical threshold of
of order unity that separates single field and
multi-field models. Simultaneously, it can measure the fraction of Dark Energy
at the percent level up to , thus serving as an unprecedented test of
the standard model and opening up a tremendous discovery space
Reputation and identity conflict in management consulting
This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from SAGE Publications via the DOI in this record.Based on a case study of a large consulting firm, this paper makes two contributions to the literature on reputation and identity by examining how an organization responds when its identity is substantially misaligned with the experience and perceptions of external stakeholders that form the basis of reputational judgments. First, rather than triggering some form of identity adaptation, it outlines how other forms of identity can come into play to remediate this gap, buffering the organization’s identity from change. This shift to other individual identities is facilitated by a low organizational identity context even when the identity of the firm is coherent and strong. The second contribution concerns the conceptualization of consulting and other professional service firms. We explain how reputation and identity interact in the context of the distinctive organizational features of these firms. Notably, their loosely coupled structure and the central importance of expert knowledge claims enable individual consultants both to reinforce and supplement corporate reputation via individual identity work
Lattice QCD and Particle Physics
Contribution from the USQCD Collaboration to the Proceedings of the US
Community Study on the Future of Particle Physics (Snowmass 2021).Comment: 27 pp. main text, 4 pp. appendices, 30 pp. reference
Orbit and Dynamical Mass of the Late-T Dwarf Gl 758 B
Gl 758 B is a late-T dwarf orbiting a metal-rich Sun-like star at a projected
separation of 1.6" (25 AU). We present four epochs of
astrometry of this system with NIRC2 at Keck Observatory spanning 2010 to 2017
together with 630 radial velocities (RVs) of the host star acquired over the
past two decades from McDonald Observatory, Keck Observatory, and the Automated
Planet Finder at Lick Observatory. The RVs reveal that Gl 758 is accelerating
with an evolving rate that varies between 2-5 m s yr, consistent
with the expected influence of the imaged companion Gl 758 B. A joint fit of
the RVs and astrometry yields a dynamical mass of 42
M for the companion with a robust lower limit of 30.5
M at the 4- level. Gl 758 B is on an eccentric orbit
( = 0.26-0.67 at 95% confidence) with a semimajor axis of =
AU and an orbital period of = yr,
which takes it within 9 AU from its host star at periastron passage.
Substellar evolutionary models generally underpredict the mass of Gl 758 B for
nominal ages of 1-6 Gyr that have previously been adopted for the host star.
This discrepancy can be reconciled if the system is older---which is consistent
with activity indicators and recent isochrone fitting of the host star---or
alternatively if the models are systematically overluminous by 0.1-0.2
dex. Gl 758 B is currently the lowest-mass directly imaged companion inducing a
measured acceleration on its host star. In the future, bridging RVs and
high-contrast imaging with the next generation of extremely large telescopes
and space-based facilities will open the door to the first dynamical mass
measurements of imaged exoplanets.Comment: AJ, accepte
A planet within the debris disk around the pre-main-sequence star AU Microscopii
AU Microscopii (AU Mic) is the second closest pre main sequence star, at a
distance of 9.79 parsecs and with an age of 22 million years. AU Mic possesses
a relatively rare and spatially resolved3 edge-on debris disk extending from
about 35 to 210 astronomical units from the star, and with clumps exhibiting
non-Keplerian motion. Detection of newly formed planets around such a star is
challenged by the presence of spots, plage, flares and other manifestations of
magnetic activity on the star. Here we report observations of a planet
transiting AU Mic. The transiting planet, AU Mic b, has an orbital period of
8.46 days, an orbital distance of 0.07 astronomical units, a radius of 0.4
Jupiter radii, and a mass of less than 0.18 Jupiter masses at 3 sigma
confidence. Our observations of a planet co-existing with a debris disk offer
the opportunity to test the predictions of current models of planet formation
and evolution.Comment: Nature, published June 24th [author spelling name fix
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