Warrantless Arrests in Police Standoffs: A Common Sense Approach to the Exigency Exception

In the discussion that follows, I argue that exigency in police standoff situations should be governed by the clearer, more common sense rule adopted by the Sixth Circuit - namely that exigency exists due to the inherent danger of a police standoff, and is not negated by the mere passage of time. Part I provides a backdrop for the discussion, presenting an overview of the Supreme Court\u27s jurisprudence on exigency cases. Part II discusses the differing Sixth Circuit and Ninth Circuit approaches to exigency in police standoffs. Part III argues that the better position on exigency in police standoff situations is the Sixth Circuit approach, because it provides a clear rule for police and courts to apply. In the end, courts should give heed to common sense in recognizing that standoffs are inherently dangerous and as / such constitute exigent circumstances

SpC MS 1790 sc, Letters between Elizabeth Johnston Cross and Diana Forbes-Robertson

Two typewritten letters, one from Elizabeth Johnston Cross to Diana Forbes-Robertson and visa versa. Mrs. Cross is recalling a meeting on ship from Europe to the United States and the continuing friendship between her father, James Wright Johnston, and Diana Forbes-Robertson\u27s mother, Gertrude Elliott, later Lady Forbes-Robertson.https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/manuscripts_20th_century/1000/thumbnail.jp

Travelling Together: What does Coaching Offer Creative Writers?

This interpretive study explores what coaching offers to creative writers using the imagery of writers as travellers through a landscape. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with coaches and writers; data analysis used an inductive approach. Findings underlined the importance of the coach-coachee relationship and shed light on the scope for coaching, distinguishing coaching from mentoring, especially in relation to feedback on work in progress. The nature of learning in coaching relationships is discussed, focusing on conversational approaches and reflective practice. Writers most likely to benefit from coaching were seen as those with commitment, self-awareness and objectives for the coaching relationship

Variance reduction in randomised trials by inverse probability weighting using the propensity score.

In individually randomised controlled trials, adjustment for baseline characteristics is often undertaken to increase precision of the treatment effect estimate. This is usually performed using covariate adjustment in outcome regression models. An alternative method of adjustment is to use inverse probability-of-treatment weighting (IPTW), on the basis of estimated propensity scores. We calculate the large-sample marginal variance of IPTW estimators of the mean difference for continuous outcomes, and risk difference, risk ratio or odds ratio for binary outcomes. We show that IPTW adjustment always increases the precision of the treatment effect estimate. For continuous outcomes, we demonstrate that the IPTW estimator has the same large-sample marginal variance as the standard analysis of covariance estimator. However, ignoring the estimation of the propensity score in the calculation of the variance leads to the erroneous conclusion that the IPTW treatment effect estimator has the same variance as an unadjusted estimator; thus, it is important to use a variance estimator that correctly takes into account the estimation of the propensity score. The IPTW approach has particular advantages when estimating risk differences or risk ratios. In this case, non-convergence of covariate-adjusted outcome regression models frequently occurs. Such problems can be circumvented by using the IPTW adjustment approach

Perception and reality: an exploration of domestic abuse victims' experiences of the criminal justice process in Scotland

This thesis is a feminist critique of Scotland’s investigation and prosecution of domestic abuse through the lens of tackling domestic abuse as a gendered offence. It tells two stories: Scotland’s policy and legislative response to this issue and the experience of female victims who report domestic abuse to the police. The apparent sweep of progress on the public stage is juxtaposed with the private struggle of individuals who continue to face barriers to justice. Drawing on in-depth interviews with women who have experienced domestic abuse and those who support them, the data identifies a number of enduring challenges. The data from these interviews is contextualised within a 40-year perspective of Scotland’s policy, legal, social and academic responses to victims of gender violence in general, and domestic abuse in particular. The web of public and private priorities is examined in a temporal analysis which highlights multiple misalignments, a complex hierarchy of timescales and identifies obstacles to effective justice. Recognising the consequences of these tensions and the traumatic impact on victims highlights the ways in which aspects of the justice response could be reconfigured to provide them with greater agency. This thesis argues that legislative change has limited potential until structural inequalities are addressed, the full implications of the public and private dimensions of domestic abuse are understood, and appropriate procedural justice is consistently delivered

A Compilation of Accounting Case Studies

This thesis has been prepared to meet requirements for the Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors College in alliance with The Patterson School of Accountancy. Throughout the course of a year, I studied and researched various topics within the world of accounting and business. This thesis serves as a compilation of each of those cases. Topics vary from issues dealing with inventory, revenue, and depreciation to sifting through the FASB’s Codification to support client requests. Each case presents a new topic within accounting with support for the given question or issues the client presented. At the end of each case, an outcome has been reached that aided the client. Research has been presented through executive summaries, journal entries, data analysis, and financial statement comparisons

Strength Properties of Juvenile and Mature Wood of Twelve Families of Loblolly Pine (Pinus Taeda L.)

The wood mechanical properties of progeny from twelve open-pollinated parent trees were examined. Six families were from parents which had high wood specific gravity and six were from parents which had low wood specific gravity. Thirty-two-year-old trees, that had been planted at Many, Louisiana, were sampled and juvenile and mature wood test specimens were prepared. Maximum crushing strength, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity and wood specific gravity were determined from compression parallel to the grain tests and static bending tests. Maximum crushing strength, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, and specific gravity were found to vary significantly between family and between wood-type juvenile or mature specimens. The family by wood-type interaction was found to be not significant for all of the four wood properties measured. The six highest total tree means for modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity were for the six families that came from parents having high specific gravity. For both maximum crushing strength and wood specific gravity, only one of the six highest total tree means was from a family having a low specific gravity parent

Becoming a written word: eye movements reveal order of acquisition effects following incidental exposure to new words during silent reading

We know that from mid-childhood onwards most new words are learned implicitly via reading; however, most word learning studies have taught novel items explicitly. We examined incidental word learning during reading by focusing on the well-documented finding that words which are acquired early in life are processed more quickly than those acquired later. Novel words were embedded in meaningful sentences and were presented to adult readers early (day 1) or later (day 2) during a five-day exposure phase. At test adults read the novel words in semantically neutral sentences. Participants’ eye movements were monitored throughout exposure and test. Adults also completed a surprise memory test in which they had to match each novel word with its definition. Results showed a decrease in reading times for all novel words over exposure, and significantly longer total reading times at test for early than late novel words. Early-presented novel words were also remembered better in the offline test. Our results show that order of presentation influences processing time early in the course of acquiring a new word, consistent with partial and incremental growth in knowledge occurring as a function of an individual’s experience with each word

The combinatorics of neurite self-avoidance

During neural development in Drosophila, the ability of neurite branches to recognize whether they are from the same or different neurons depends crucially on the molecule Dscam1. In particular, this recognition depends on the stochastic acquisition of a unique combination of Dscam1 isoforms out of a large set of possible isoforms. To properly interpret these findings, it is crucial to understand the combinatorics involved, which has previously been attempted only using stochastic simulations for some specific parameter combinations. Here we present closed-form solutions for the general case. These reveal the relationships among the key variables and how these constrain possible biological scenarios