THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS CONCERNING THE PLEA OF BARGAIN AND THE PROSECUTIONAL DISCRETION IN COLOMBIAN CRIMINAL PROCEDURE LAW

Dentro del departamento de derecho procesal, de la Pontifica Universidad Javeriana, hay un centro de estudios de victimología y criminología en cuyo marco se conformó una línea de investigación llamada derecho procesal penal y victimología que tiene como objeto de análisis la estructuración de la reforma legal del proceso penal colombiano. En este contexto, el análisis se ha centrado en lapreparación de los textos legales que han sido objeto de dicha reformay la aplicación de dichos textos en la práctica jurídica penal. En este marco de estudio, se ha desarrollado el siguiente texto que tiene como finalidad profundizar sobre las instituciones del principiode oportunidad y de los preacuerdos que hacen parte del derecho penal en Colombia. En desarrollo de éste fin se acude a las bases jurídicas de influencia como el esquema penal de Norteamérica y aquel Continental/Europeo, para puntualizar las semejanzas y diferencias respecto del nuevo sistema penal acusatorio de Colombia. Finalmente, con el análisis normativo necesario, se continúa haciendo una descripción respecto de cada una de las instituciones mencionadas,planteando, a su vez las críticas necesarias en búsqueda de un mejoramiento del proceso penal acusatorio en su aplicación práctica.In the Department of Procedural law, at the Pontificia UniversidadJaveriana , there is a research group of Victiminology and Criminology with an investigation line called Procedural Criminal Law and Victiminology, that focuses its investigations in Colombian procedural criminal law amendment. In this context, the analysis has focused in the arrangements of legal texts related to such reform, and the corresponding application of such documents in the legal practice.This study has developed the following text, which aims to deepen into the institutions of the principle of opportunity and the preliminary agreements that are part of criminal law in Colombia. In the development of this work, the text compares the influence of North America and the criminal Continental/European law, to point out the similarities and differences with the new accusatory system in Colombia

Uso do colírio de Citrus lemon em úlceras de córnea induzidas em coelhos

Avaliaram-se e compararam-se clinicamente os efeitos de colírios de Citrus lemon (CL) na reparação de úlcera corneal superficial. Foram utilizadas 50 coelhas, distribuídas em cinco grupos experimentais de 10 animais cada. Após a indução da úlcera, três grupos foram tratados com colírios de CL, nas concentrações de 1,5% (GL1,5), 3% (GL3) e 5% (GL5). Um quarto grupo foi tratado com Tween 80 a 8%, diluente utilizado na produção dos colírios de CL, e o quinto grupo, controle, recebeu substituto da lágrima. Os grupos foram distribuídos em dois subgrupos de cinco animais; assim, o primeiro (M1) foi avaliado após 24 horas, e o segundo (M5) após cinco dias. Não houve diferença entre os tratamentos quanto aos sinais clínicos secreção, hiperemia conjuntival, quemose e opacidade corneal. A extensão da úlcera corneal diminuiu, de forma significativa, em todos os grupos no M5, com exceção do GL3, o qual apresentou menor mediana quanto à extensão no M1. O colírio de óleo essencial de Citrus lemon pode ser utilizado no tratamento de ceratites ulcerativas superficiais, sem induzir irritação conjuntival, favorecendo a reepitelização corneal.The aim of this study was to clinically evaluate and compare the effects of Citrus lemon (CL) eye drops in the repair of superficial corneal ulcers. Fifty female rabbits were used, constituting five experimental groups with 10 animals each. After ulcer induction, three groups were treated with CL eye drops, at 1.5% (GL1, 5), 3% (GL3) and 5% (GL5) concentrations. Another group was treated with Tween 80 8% solvent used in the production of CL eye drops, and the control group received tear substitute. The experimental groups were divided into two subgroups (five animals). The first (M1) was evaluated after 24 hours and the second (M5) after five days. There was no difference between treatments for clinical signs of secretion, conjunctival hyperemia, chemosis and corneal opacity. The extension of corneal ulcer significantly decreased in all groups in M5, the exception was GL3, which had a lower median of extension in the M1. The eye drops made of Citrus lemon essential oil can be used in the treatment of superficial ulcerative keratitis, without inducing conjunctival irritation, favoring corneal reepithelialization.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Indirect optical transitions from carriers trapped on the delta doping and on the parabolic quantum well

In this work, doped AlGaAs/GaAs parabolic quantum wells (PQW) with different well widths (from 1000 angstrom up to 3000 angstrom) were investigated by means of photoluminescence (PL) measurements. In order to achieve the 2DEG inside the PQW Si delta doping is placed at both side of the well. We have observed that the thickness of this space layer plays a major rule on the characteristics of the 2DEG. It has to be thicker enough to prevent any diffusions of Si to the well and thin enough to allow electrons migration inside the well. From PL measurement, we have observed beside the intra well transitions, indirect transitions involving still trapped electron on the delta doping and holes inside the PQW. For the thinness sample, we have measured a well defined PL peak at low energy side of the GaAs bulk emission. With the increasing of the well thickness this peak intensity decreases and for the thickest sample it almost disappears. Our theoretical calculation indicated that carriers (electron and holes) are more placed at the center of the PQW. In this way, when the well thickness increases the distance between electrons on the delta doping and holes on the well also increases, it decreases the probability of occurrence of these indirect optical transitions. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier B.V. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Brazil

Root coverage esthetic score after treatment of gingival recession : an interrater agreement multicenter study

BACKGROUND: The root coverage esthetic score (RES) system was proposed for evaluating esthetic outcomes of root coverage procedures. The aim of this multicenter study is to assess the interrater agreement of the RES among expert periodontists METHODS: Eleven periodontists were selected in different clinical centers. Each operator had 6515 years of experience in mucogingival surgery. Each periodontist was trained to use RES before the beginning of the study. Subsequently, baseline and post-treatment (6 months) photographs of 41 Class I and II gingival recessions in 41 patients were separately given to each operator who evaluated the outcomes according to the RES method. A two-way random interclass correlation coefficient and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to assess the global interrater agreement for RESs. RESULTS: The total interrater agreement for RESs was 0.92 (95% CI: 0.88 to 0.95), which indicated that an almost perfect agreement was achieved. CONCLUSION: Tested individually by a group of periodontists, the RES seems to be a reliable method for assessing the esthetic outcomes of root coverage procedures

Root coverage esthetic score after treatment of gingival recession: an interrater agreement multicenter study.

BACKGROUND: The root coverage esthetic score (RES) system was proposed for evaluating esthetic outcomes of root coverage procedures. The aim of this multicenter study is to assess the interrater agreement of the RES among expert periodontists. METHODS: Eleven periodontists were selected in different clinical centers. Each operator had ≥15 years of experience in mucogingival surgery. Each periodontist was trained to use RES before the beginning of the study. Subsequently, baseline and post-treatment (6 months) photographs of 41 Class I and II gingival recessions in 41 patients were separately given to each operator who evaluated the outcomes according to the RES method. A two-way random interclass correlation coefficient and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to assess the global interrater agreement for RESs. RESULTS: The total interrater agreement for RESs was 0.92 (95% CI: 0.88 to 0.95), which indicated that an almost perfect agreement was achieved. CONCLUSION: Tested individually by a group of periodontists, the RES seems to be a reliable method for assessing the esthetic outcomes of root coverage procedures