Programa Nacional de Formação de Professores da Educação Básica : um estudo sobre suas contribuições para a adequação da formação docente para o ensino de ciências e de matemática

Esta pesquisa tem por objeto a análise das contribuições do Programa Nacional de Formação de Professores da Educação Básica (Parfor) na adequação da formação dos professores em exercício na rede pública de educação básica para o ensino de ciências e de matemática. Reconhecendo a importância da formação do professor para a construção de um ensino de qualidade nas escolas de educação básica, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo identificar as contribuições do Parfor na formação de docentes em exercício na rede pública de educação básica com foco na análise da adequação da formação dos docentes matriculados nas turmas especiais ofertadas na área de ciências e matemática, identificando os principais resultados alcançados pelo programa. A pesquisa está situada no século XXI e apresenta base teórica que permeia autores que discorrem sobre a avaliação de políticas e de programas voltados para a formação de professores, a qualidade do ensino na escola, bem como a importância da formação do docente e sua adequação para melhoria da escola de educação básica. Com o objetivo de fazer uma avaliação do programa Parfor quanto ao cumprimento de seu objetivo e de analisar as principais características dos docentes formados por esse programa, a pesquisadora utiliza metodologia quantitativa para traçar o perfil dos docentes e mapear as situações geradas a partir dos resultados obtidos com o programa. Os dados obtidos e sua análise sinalizam que o programa atende parcialmente a seu objetivo quando restringe a adequação da formação de professores apenas à disciplina que lecionam. Ao ampliar a adequação também para a área de atuação, o programa obteve resultados mais satisfatórios, o que indica a necessidade de reflexões sobre o papel do programa Parfor no cenário da Política Nacional de Formação de Professores da Educação Básica aliada à demanda das secretarias para formação dos docentes. Além da adequação da formação docente, os dados indicam que o programa representa uma grande oportunidade para a qualificação dos docentes da rede pública, principalmente em localidades mais carentes e com maior dificuldade de acesso à formação superior, como os municípios localizados no interior e nas regiões rurais do país. Os resultados obtidos são significativos e consolidam a importância do Parfor no cenário nacional de ações que buscam a construção de uma escola de educação básica de qualidade.This research has as its object the analysis of the contributions of the National Program for Teacher Training of Basic Education (PARFOR) in the adequacy of the training of teachers who work in the public network of basic education for the teaching of science and mathematics. Recognizing the importance of teacher education for the construction of quality education in basic education schools, this research aims to identify the contributions of Parfor in the training of in-service teachers in the public basic education network with a focus on the analysis of the adequacy of the training of teachers enrolled in the special classes offered in the area of science and mathematics, identifying the main results achieved by the program. The research is situated in the 21st century and presents theoretical basis that permeates authors who discuss the evaluation of policies and programs aimed at teacher training, the quality of school education, as well as the importance of teacher training and their adequacy for the improvement of the school of basic education. In order to make an evaluation of the PARFOR program regarding the achievement of its objective and to analyze the main characteristics of the teachers formed by this program, the researcher uses quantitative methodology to trace the profile of the teachers and map the situations generated from the results obtained with the program. The data obtained and their analysis indicate that the program partially achives its objective when it restricts the adequacy of teachers training only to the discipline they teach. By expanding the adequacy also for the area of activity, the program obtained more satisfactory results, which indicates the need for reflections on the role of the PARFOR program in the scenario of the National Policy of Teacher Traning of Basic Education allied to the demand of the secretariats officies to train teachers. In addition to the adequacy of teacher training, the data indicate that the program represents a great opportunity for the qualification of public school teachers, especially in poorer and more difficult access areas to higher education, such as municipalities located in the interior and in the rural areas of the country. The results obtained are significant and consolidate the importance of Parfor in the national scenario of actions that seek the construction of a quality basic education school

Apresentação Dossiê Eurykleia – Reflexões sobre mulheres (in)visíveis

A comissão organizadora do Dossiê Eurykleia – Reflexões sobre mulheres (in)visíveis apresenta seu objetivo geral: reunir produções discentes, frutos das discussões nascidas no seio do Projeto Eurykleia, durante um de seus colóquios organizados no Brasil em parceira com a Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO). A linha que une esse conjunto de textos são nomes de mulheres, encontrados em diferentes documentações de diferentes épocas. Inicialmente catalogados pelos autores dos artigos, esses índices transformam-se em reflexões sobre protagonismo, influência, visibilidade e invisibilidade de personagens femininos da História Antiga. Dessa forma, na breve introdução de abertura desse dossiê, estão expostas questões sobre o evento onde a semente dessa ideia nasceu, sobre o projeto que lhe deu origem e sobre os trabalhos que lhe dão forma

AVALIAÇÃO DOS NÍVEIS DA CITOCINA PRÓ-INFLAMATÓRIA FATOR DE NECROSE TUMORAL-α EM PACIENTES COM DIABETES TIPO 2 E SUA RELAÇÃO COM VARIAÇÕES GENÉTICAS DE ENZIMAS ANTIOXIDANTES E OBESIDADE

Introdução: Diabetes tipo 2 (DM2) é um distúrbio multifatorial caracterizado pelo aumento dos níveis de radicais livres. Tanto o estresse oxidativo quanto a obesidade contribuem para um estado inflamatório da doença, principalmente pelo aumento da citocina TNF-α. Sabendo-se que a genética individual pode contribuir para o estresse oxidativo, o estudo avaliou o impacto das variações genéticas de enzimas antioxidantes C262T no gene CAT e polimorfismos nulos dos genes GSTM1 e GSTT1 nos níveis de TNF-α, assim como, avaliou se as variantes genéticas atuariam sinergicamente com a obesidade aumentando os níveis da citocina em diabéticos da Grande Vitória/ES, Brasil. Métodos: O polimorfismo no gene CAT foi avaliado pela técnica PCR/RFLP e nos genes GSTM1 e GSTT1 por PCR multiplex, em 56 pacientes, sendo 28 obesos e 28 não obesos. Níveis de TNF-α foram medidos pela técnica de ELISA sanduíche. Resultados: Frequências das variantes nulas de GSTM1 e GSTT1 foram 44,6% e 17,9%, respectivamente. As frequências genotípicas C262T-CAT foram 73,2%, 25% e 1,8% para homozigoto normal, heterozigoto e homozigoto polimórfico, respectivamente. Não houve associação entre genótipos polimórficos e aumento dos níveis de TNF-α, assim como, não foi demonstrado aumento significante da citocina quando avaliado o sinergismo entre obesidade e genética individual do paciente. Conclusão: Níveis de TNF-α não se elevam em diabéticos tipo 2 na presença dos polimorfismos nos genes CAT, GSTM1 e GSTT1, e a obesidade não atua no aumento dessa citocina na população estudada, separadamente ou em conjunto com a genética individual de variantes nos genes CAT, GSTM1 e GSTT1

Pathogenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp. in Two Natural Conservation Centers of Wildlife in Portugal: Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization

This article belongs to the Section Food Microbiology.Human–wildlife coexistence may increase the potential risk of direct transmission of emergent or re-emergent zoonotic pathogens to humans. Intending to assess the occurrence of three important foodborne pathogens in wild animals of two wildlife conservation centers in Portugal, we investigated 132 fecal samples for the presence of Escherichia coli (Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) and non-STEC), Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp. A genotypic search for genes having virulence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) was performed by means of PCR and Whole-Genome Sequencing (WGS) and phenotypic (serotyping and AMR profiles) characterization. Overall, 62 samples tested positive for at least one of these species: 27.3% for STEC, 11.4% for non-STEC, 3.0% for Salmonella spp. and 6.8% for Campylobacter spp. AMR was detected in four E. coli isolates and the only Campylobacter coli isolated in this study. WGS analysis revealed that 57.7% (30/52) of pathogenic E. coli integrated genetic clusters of highly closely related isolates (often involving different animal species), supporting the circulation and transmission of different pathogenic E. coli strains in the studied areas. These results support the idea that the health of humans, animals and ecosystems are interconnected, reinforcing the importance of a One Health approach to better monitor and control public health threats.This work was supported by funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement No 773830: One Health European Joint Pro- gramme, as part of the DiSCoVeR project (Discovering the sources of Salmonella, Campylobacter, VTEC and Antimicrobial Resistance). S.R., R.C. and V.M. were beneficiaries of fellowships from the same Programme on behalf of ADONIS (S.R.), FedAMR (R.C.) and BeOne (V.M) projects.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Teaching-learning process from service teaching of mental health nursing: experience report

Objective: Describe the conceptions of resident nurses about the nurse's role in mental health services. Method: Descriptive/reflexive study of the experience-report type, carried out from experiences of nurses from the Multiprofessional Residency Program in Mental Health, guided by the theoretical presuppositions of the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform and structured from the Arch of Charles Maguerez. Results: In-service teaching provided reflections on the residents' conceptions of nurses' performance in mental health services. The key posts were the insertion in the specific nursing care, the construction of the multiprofessional work process, the recognition of their professional identity. Therapeutic relationship and communication, receptiveness, co-responsibility of care and the construction of links with clients, family and work colleagues for the solution of the problems.  Conclusions: The Arch of Charles Maguerez facilitated the teaching process in service. In addition, it provided the perception of the action-reflection-action movement as essential to understand fundamentals of care practices in nursing and to collaborate to the insertion of the nurse and the process of changes, from the daily services of mental health

Effect of High vs Low Doses of Chloroquine Diphosphate as Adjunctive Therapy for Patients Hospitalized With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

There is no specific antiviral therapy recommended for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In vitro studies indicate that the antiviral effect of chloroquine diphosphate (CQ) requires a high concentration of the drug.To evaluate the safety and efficacy of 2 CQ dosages in patients with severe COVID-19. This parallel, double-masked, randomized, phase IIb clinical trial with 81 adult patients who were hospitalized with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection was conducted from March 23 to April 5, 2020, at a tertiary care facility in Manaus, Brazilian Amazon. - Patients were allocated to receive high-dosage CQ (ie, 600 mg CQ twice daily for 10 days) or low-dosage CQ (ie, 450 mg twice daily on day 1 and once daily for 4 days). - Label: Main Outcomes and Measures Primary outcome was reduction in lethality by at least 50% in the high-dosage group compared with the low-dosage group. Data presented here refer primarily to safety and lethality outcomes during treatment on day 13. Secondary end points included participant clinical status, laboratory examinations, and electrocardiogram results. Outcomes will be presented to day 28. Viral respiratory secretion RNA detection was performed on days 0 and 4. Out of a predefined sample size of 440 patients, 81 were enrolled (41 [50.6%] to high-dosage group and 40 [49.4%] to low-dosage group). Enrolled patients had a mean (SD) age of 51.1 (13.9) years, and most (60 [75.3%]) were men. Older age (mean [SD] age, 54.7 [13.7] years vs 47.4 [13.3] years) and more heart disease (5 of 28 [17.9%] vs 0) were seen in the high-dose group. Viral RNA was detected in 31 of 40 (77.5%) and 31 of 41 (75.6%) patients in the low-dosage and high-dosage groups, respectively. Lethality until day 13 was 39.0% in the high-dosage group (16 of 41) and 15.0% in the low-dosage group (6 of 40). The high-dosage group presented more instance of QTc interval greater than 500 milliseconds (7 of 37 [18.9%]) compared with the low-dosage group (4 of 36 [11.1%]). Respiratory secretion at day 4 was negative in only 6 of 27 patients (22.2%). - Label: Conclusions and Relevance The preliminary findings of this study suggest that the higher CQ dosage should not be recommended for critically ill patients with COVID-19 because of its potential safety hazards, especially when taken concurrently with azithromycin and oseltamivir. These findings cannot be extrapolated to patients with nonsevere COVID-19

Paternal resistance training modulates calcaneal tendon proteome in the offspring exposed to high-fat diet

The increase in high-energy dietary intakes is a well-known risk factor for many diseases, and can also negatively impact the tendon. Ancestral lifestyle can mitigate the metabolic harmful effects of offspring exposed to high-fat diet (HF). However, the influence of paternal exercise on molecular pathways associated to offspring tendon remodeling remains to be determined. We investigated the effects of 8 weeks of paternal resistance training (RT) on offspring tendon proteome exposed to standard diet or HF diet. Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: sedentary fathers and trained fathers (8 weeks, three times per week, with 8–12 dynamic movements per climb in a stair climbing apparatus). The offspring were obtained by mating with sedentary females. Upon weaning, male offspring were divided into four groups (five animals per group): offspring from sedentary fathers were exposed either to control diet (SFO-C), or to high-fat diet (SFO-HF); offspring from trained fathers were exposed to control diet (TFO-C) or to a high-fat diet (TFO-HF). The Nano-LC-MS/MS analysis revealed 383 regulated proteins among offspring groups. HF diet induced a decrease of abundance in tendon proteins related to extracellular matrix organization, transport, immune response and translation. On the other hand, the changes in the offspring tendon proteome in response to paternal RT were more pronounced when the offspring were exposed to HF diet, resulting in positive regulation of proteins essential for the maintenance of tendon integrity. Most of the modulated proteins are associated to biological pathways related to tendon protection and damage recovery, such as extracellular matrix organization and transport. The present study demonstrated that the father’s lifestyle could be crucial for tendon homeostasis in the first generation. Our results provide important insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in paternal intergenerational effects and potential protective outcomes of paternal RT