Cloning and expression of a porcine zona pellucida gene: an approach to immunocontraception

1991 Fall.Includes bibliographic references (pages 129-141).Covers not scanned.Print version deaccessioned 2021.Immunization with native porcine zona pellucida (ZP) proteins has been shown to induce infertility in females of several species and is thus a potentially valuable method of contraception. However, more extensive testing and commercialization of such a vaccine has been hampered by the limited availability of ZP proteins from natural sources. Availability of recombinant ZP proteins should simplify production of a practical ZP vaccine. The objective of this research was to clone a porcine ZP gene and use it to develop a recombinant ZP vaccine for use in pet animals. Polyadenylated RNA isolated from swine ovary was used to generate a cDNA library in the bacteriophage lambda gt11. This library was screened immunologically for ZP sequences using a polyclonal antiserum raised against solubilized porcine ZP. One immunoreactive clone, PZP, contained an insert of approximately 2.6 kb and was characterized further. The three Eco RI fragments constituting PZP were isolated and subcloned into a plasmid vector. The amino acid sequence deduced from the nucleotide sequence of PZP is considered to represent 305 residues from the carboxyterminal end of the ZP protein. A putative N-glycosylation site is present at residue 288 of this polypeptide. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of PZP with deduced protein sequences from all of the other ZP proteins published to date failed to reveal significant homology. To confirm that PZP represented a ZP mRNA, a 418 bp fragment of the cDNA was expressed as a fusion protein in E. coli and used to hyperimmunize a rabbit. Antibodies to the PZP fusion protein bound to ZP surrounding porcine oocytes, stained ZP in sections of porcine ovary and immunoprecipitated a porcine ZP protein that was tentatively identified as ZP2. The PZP fusion protein was preliminarily evaluated as a vaccine in rabbits. Two groups of four adult rabbits were immunized three or four times with PZP2 fusion protein emulsified in either one of two adjuvants. Reproductive function was evaluated eight and sixteen weeks after initial immunization. In comparison to control rabbits, no effect of vaccination on reproductive function was observed

Global Delivery of Human Papillomavirus Vaccines

Worldwide, cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women, with over half a million women diagnosed with cervical cancer in 2012. Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination, if broadly implemented, has the potential to significantly reduce global rates of morbidity and mortality associated with cervical and other HPV-related cancers. Over 100 countries around the world have licensed HPV vaccines. As of February, 2015, there were an estimated 80 national HPV immunization programs and 37 pilot programs, including many implemented in low- and middle-income countries. In this article, global implementation of HPV vaccination programs is discussed, including successes and ongoing challenges. Issues such as vaccine financing and different approaches to HPV vaccine delivery are presented

RTL551 Treatment of EAE Reduces CD226 and T-bet+ CD4 T Cells in Periphery and Prevents Infiltration of T-bet+ IL-17, IFN-γ Producing T Cells into CNS

Recombinant T cell receptor ligands (RTLs) that target encephalitogenic T-cells can reverse clinical and histological signs of EAE, and are currently in clinical trials for treatment of multiple sclerosis. To evaluate possible regulatory mechanisms, we tested effects of RTL therapy on expression of pathogenic and effector T-cell maturation markers, CD226, T-bet and CD44, by CD4+ Th1 cells early after treatment of MOG-35-55 peptide-induced EAE in C57BL/6 mice. We showed that 1–5 daily injections of RTL551 (two-domain I-Ab covalently linked to MOG-35-55 peptide), but not the control RTL550 (“empty” two-domain I-Ab without a bound peptide) or Vehicle, reduced clinical signs of EAE, prevented trafficking of cells outside the spleen, significantly reduced the frequency of CD226 and T-bet expressing CD4+ T-cells in blood and inhibited expansion of CD44 expressing CD4+ T-cells in blood and spleen. Concomitantly, RTL551 selectively reduced CNS inflammatory lesions, absolute numbers of CNS infiltrating T-bet expressing CD4+ T-cells and IL-17 and IFN-γ secretion by CNS derived MOG-35-55 reactive cells cultured ex vivo. These novel results demonstrate that a major effect of RTL therapy is to attenuate Th1 specific changes in CD4+ T-cells during EAE and prevent expansion of effector T-cells that mediate clinical signs and CNS inflammation in EAE

Mechanisms of immunological tolerance in central nervous system inflammatory demyelination.

Multiple sclerosis is a complex autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that results in a disruption of the balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory signals in the immune system. Given that central nervous system inflammation can be suppressed by various immunological tolerance mechanisms, immune tolerance has become a focus of research in the attempt to induce long-lasting immune suppression of pathogenic T cells. Mechanisms underlying this tolerance induction include induction of regulatory T cell populations, anergy and the induction of tolerogenic antigen-presenting cells. The intravenous administration of encephalitogenic peptides has been shown to suppress experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and induce tolerance by promoting the generation of regulatory T cells and inducing apoptosis of pathogenic T cells. Safe and effective methods of inducing long-lasting immune tolerance are essential for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. By exploring tolerogenic mechanisms, new strategies can be devised to strengthen the regulatory, anti-inflammatory cell populations thereby weakening the pathogenic, pro-inflammatory cell populations

A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

Meeting abstrac

Genetic analysis of putative transgenic cattle

Due to the character of the original source materials and the nature of batch digitization, quality control issues may be present in this document. Please report any quality issues you encounter to [email protected], referencing the URI of the item.Bibliography: leaves 34-38.Not availabl