Enamel and dentin mineralization in familial hypophosphatemic rickets: a micro-CT study

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to analyse the mineralization pattern of enamel and dentin in patients affected by X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLHR) using micro-CT (µCT), and to associate enamel and dentin mineralization in primary and permanent teeth with tooth position, gender and the presence/absence of this disease. Methods: 19 teeth were collected from 5 individuals from the same family, 1 non-affected by XLHR and 4 affected by XLHR. Gender, age, tooth position (anterior/posterior) and tooth type (deciduous/permanent) were recorded for each patient. Following collection, teeth were placed in 0.1% thymol solution until µCT scan. Projection images were reconstructed and analysed. A plot profile describing the greyscale distance relationship in µCT images was achieved through a line bisecting each tooth in a region with the presence of enamel and dentin. The enamel and dentin mineralization densities were measured and compared. Univariate ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests were used for all comparisons. Results: Teeth of all affected patients presented dentin with a different mineralization pattern compared with the teeth of healthy patients with dentin defects observed next to the pulp chambers. Highly significant differences were found for gray values between anterior and posterior teeth (p < 0.05), affected and non-affected (p < 0.05), as well as when position and disease status were considered (p < 0.05). Conclusions: In conclusion, the mineralization patterns of dentin differed when comparing teeth from patients with and without FHR, mainly next to pulp chambers where areas with porosity and consequently lower mineral density and dentin defects were found

Avaliação da bagana de carnaúba na terminação de ovinos.

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Desempenho e características da carcaça de cordeiros de três grupos genéticos terminados em pastagem nativa.

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o desempenho e as características da carcaça de cordeiros de três grupos genéticos ½ Dorper x ½Sem Raça Definida (SRD); ½ Somalis Brasileira x ½SRD e ½ Santa Inês x ½SRD terminados em Caatinga. Foram utilizados 24 cordeiros, oito de cada um dos grupos genéticos avaliados, dispostos em um delineamento inteiramente casualisado. Os animais foram pesados a intervalos de 14 dias, do nascimento até alcançarem peso final de 28 kg. As características avaliadas foram: peso ao nascimento (PN), ganho médio diário (GMD), dias para atingir o peso de final, 28 kg (DPF), peso da carcaça quente (PCQ), peso da carcaça fria (PCF), rendimento de carcaça quente (RCQ), rendimento de carcaça fria (RCF) e índice de quebra no resfriamento (IQ). Os cordeiros ½ Dorper x ½ SRD e ½ Santa Inês x ½ SRD obtiveram os maiores GMD (P<0,05) em relação ao grupo ½ Somalis x ½ SRD, chegando ao peso final de 28 kg com idade média de 170,31 dias. Não houve diferença entre os animais dos três grupos genéticos avaliados para o PCQ (12,471kg), PCF (12,94kg), RCQ (46,80%) e RCF (45,77%). As carcaças dos animais ½ Dorper x ½ SRD obtiveram menor índice de quebra ao resfriamento que as do ½ Somalis x ½ SRD (P<0,05). O grupo genético ½ Dorper x ½ SRD e ½ Santa Inês x ½ SRD obtiveram os maiores ganhos de médios diários, e necessitaram de um período mais curto na pastagem nativa. Os grupamentos genéticos ½ Dorper x ½ SRD e ½ Santa Inês x ½ SRD, demonstraram serem mais adequados para a produção de carne em Caatinga

Degradabilidade in situ do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar para pequenos ruminantes de raças naturalizadas do Nordeste brasileiro.

Resumo: Com o crescimento da indústria sucroalcooleira, buscam-se alternativas de uso dos resíduos gerados por ela. Os pequenos ruminantes de raças naturalizadas do Nordeste brasileiro mostram-se como grupos potenciais para que seja utilizado o bagaço de cana-de-açúcar (BCA) nas dietas. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se determinar a degradabilidade ruminal in situ da matéria seca (MS) e da fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) do BCA e os parâmetros ruminais em caprinos Moxotó e ovinos Morada Nova, fistulados no rúmen. Contidos em sacos de náilon, 3g de BCA foram incubados no rúmen nos tempos seis, 24 e 96 horas, determinando-se o conteúdo de MS e FDN nos resíduos obtidos. Nos tempos zero, seis e 12 horas após a primeira refeição, mediram-se no líquido ruminal pH e nitrogênio amoniacal (N-NH3) ruminal. O CMS não diferiu entre caprinos e ovinos. O potencial de máxima degradação da MS foi semelhante entre espécies, e da FDN foi superior em caprinos. Ovinos apresentaram maiores tempo de colonização, taxa de degradação e degradabilidade efetiva da MS e FDN. O pH não diferiu entre as espécies. Observou-se maior concentração de N-NH3 ruminal em caprinos, no tempo zero. Diante da maior velocidade de degradação da MS do BCA pelos ovinos, essa espécie se mostra detentora de uma microbiota ruminal com crescimento mais eficiente sobre o BCA. [In situ degradability of sugarcane bagasse for naturalized small ruminant breeds from the northeastern Brazil]. Abstract: With the increase of the sugar and alcohol industries, alternative uses for residue are sought, and the small ruminants from the naturalized breeds of northeastern Brazil are potential groups to make use of the sugarcane bagasse (SCB) in their diets. In this context, the objective was to determine the in situ degradability of dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of SCB and ruminal parameters in Moxotó goats and Morada Nova sheep rumen fistulated. Three grams of SCB were placed in naylon bags and incubated in the rumen at 6, 24 and 96 hours, and the residues analyzed for DM and NDF. Rumen fluid was collected at zero, 6 and 12 hours after the first meal and pH and ammonia nitrogen (N-NH3) were determined. DMI did not differ between goats and sheep. The maximum degradation potential of DM was similar between species and the A of NDF was higher in goats. Sheep had higher colonization time, rate of degradation and effective degradability of DM and NDF. The pH did not differ between species. The highest concentration of ruminal N-NH3 in goats was at time zero. Given the higher rate of degradation of bagasse dry matter by sheep, this specie shows a more efficient rumen microbial growth on SCB

Desempenho de cordeiros de diferentes grupos genéticos em pasto nativo ou cultivado na fase de cria.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos de dois sistemas de alimentação (pastagem nativa ou pastagem cultivada e irrigada na época seca), três grupos genéticos (1/2Dorper x 1/2Sem Raça Definida - SRD, 1/2Santa Inês x 1/2SRD e 1/2Somalis Brasileira x 1/2SRD), sexo, tipo de nascimento e ordem de parto sobre peso ao nascimento (PN), peso a desmama (PD) e ganho de peso diário (GPD) do nascimento à desmama. Os dados foram coletados em três anos consecutivos, na região do semi-árido nordestino. Os dados foram analisados por meio de análise de variância e as médias estimadas pelo método dos quadrados mínimos foram comparadas utilizando-se o teste t com 5% de probabilidade. Os cordeiros do sistema de pastagem nativa foram superiores (P<0,05) aos da pastagem cultivada para peso a desmama e ganho de peso diário. Os machos foram superiores (P<0,05) em relação às fêmeas em todos os parâmetros avaliados. Os cordeiros de parto simples foram mais pesados ao desmame quando comparado aos de parto duplo. Os resultados sugerem o efeito do sistema de alimentação e do grupo genético e confirmam ainda a influência do sexo, do tipo de nascimento e da ordem de parto sobre o desempenho de cordeiros na fase de cria

Post-weaning Exposure to High-Fat Diet Induces Kidney Lipid Accumulation and Function Impairment in Adult Rats

Aim: We investigated the kidney morphofunctional consequences of high-fat diet intake since post-weaning in adult rats.Main Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: ND (normal diet; n = 10) and HD (high-fat diet; n = 10). The high-fat diet was introduced post-weaned and animals were followed for 8 weeks.Key Findings: HD group did not change body weight gain even though food consumption has decreased with no changes in caloric consumption. The HD group showed glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was decreased in vivo (ND: 2.8 ± 1.01; HD: 1.1 ± 0.14 ml/min) and in the isolated perfusion method (34% of decrease). Renal histological analysis showed a retraction in glomeruli and an increase in kidney lipid deposition (ND: 1.5 ± 0.17 HD: 5.9 ± 0.06%). Furthermore, the high-fat diet consumption increased the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 (ND: 1,276 ± 203; HD: 1,982 ± 47 pg/mL/mg) and IL-1b (ND: 97 ± 12 HD: 133 ± 5 pg/mL/mg) without changing anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10.Significance: Our study provides evidence that high-fat diet consumption leads to renal lipid accumulation, increases inflammatory cytokines, induces glomeruli retraction, and renal dysfunction. These damages observed in the kidney could be associated with an increased risk to advanced CKD in adulthood suggesting that reduction of high-fat ingestion during an early period of life can prevent metabolic disturbances and renal lipotoxicity

Determinant Factors of Dividend Payments in Brazil

This study identifies factors that shaped cash disbursement distribution policies employed by Brazilian public companies listed on the Brazilian Securities, Commodities and Futures Exchange (BM&FBOVESPA) from 1995 to 2011. Relationships between Dividends/Total Assets and potential determinants discussed in the literature, including firm size, corporate governance, profitability, leverage, market to book, liquidity, investment, risk, profit growth, information asymmetry and agency conflict, are examined. The following econometric methods are employed: (1) Tobit, given the nature of the dividend data, and (2) the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) to control for endogenous regressors. Significant positive variables found include size, return on assets (ROA), market to book, liquidity and profit growth. It can thus be inferred that larger firm size, profitability, market value, liquidity and profit growth correlate with greater firm pro pensity to distribute money to shareholders, thus supporting the theory of corporate finance. Significant negative variables found include leverage, liquidity squared, capex, beta and tag along 100%. It is thus inferred that more significantly leveraged companies that invest more heavily in fixed assets and that exhibit high liquidity, higher risk and less conflict between controlling and minority shareholders will be less likely to pay dividends to shareholders.</p