Instrumentos de gestão estratégica e avaliação das organizações públicas: Proposta de articulação entre o Balanced Scorecard e o QUAR

Trabalho de Projeto para o Mestrado em Administração PúblicaO presente trabalho de projeto incidiu na análise da articulação entre o Balanced Scorecard (BSC) e o QUAR, a partir de estudos de caso em entidades da Administração Pública. O objetivo central consistiu na apresentação de uma proposta genérica de articulação entre estes instrumentos de gestão estratégica e de avaliação do desempenho a ser utilizados na Administração Pública. Assim, partindo do enquadramento da perspetiva do New Public Management, dos conceitos base da gestão estratégica e da avaliação de desempenho, procedeu-se ao aprofundamento do estudo acerca da utilização do BSC e funcionamento do QUAR. Adotou-se uma metodologia qualitativa, assente em estudos de caso em entidades públicas que adotaram a metodologia BSC e cuja utilização do QUAR seja obrigatória. Como métodos de recolha de dados, recorreu-se à análise documental e entrevistas semiestruturadas junto de informadores qualificados nas entidades alvo do estudo de caso, procurando conhecer e obter as melhores práticas para articulação entre estes instrumentos de gestão. A análise e discussão dos resultados permitiu caracterizar a utilização destes instrumentos nas entidades estudadas, identificando o carácter sintético e redutor do QUAR como insuficiente para demonstrar o real desempenho das entidades, dada a limitação na seleção dos objetivos operacionais para o ciclo avaliativo anual do QUAR. Conclui-se pela complementaridade e compatibilidade proporcionada pelo BSC, garantindo, a partir deste, uma visibilidade e equidade de toda a organização na avaliação do desempenho e prestação de contas. É a partir do BSC que são selecionados os objetivos e indicadores para o QUAR, atendendo a critérios como a importância, a representação da atividade da entidade e atividades que consomem mais recursos, quer financeiros quer humanos. Como resultado da investigação, apresenta-se uma proposta de articulação entre estes instrumentos de gestão, dirigida às Secretarias-Gerais e a Institutos Públicos, assente em critérios de seleção de objetivos e indicadores oriundos do BSC.The present project work was focused on analysing the articulation between the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) and QUAR, based on case studies from Public Administration entities. The main objective was to present a generic proposal for the articulation between these strategic management and performance assessment tools to be applied in Public Administration. Using as framework the New Public Management perspective and the basic concepts of strategic management and performance assessment, an indepth study was made concerning the usage of the BSC and QUAR. A qualitative methodology was adopted, based on case studies from public entities that implemented the BSC methodology and where the use of QUAR was compulsory. Data collection methods included a documentary analysis and semi-structured interviews. The subject focus was finding the best practices on the articulation between these management tools. The participants of these interviews were qualified individuals on the target entities case study. Data analysis and discussion allowed for the characterisation on the usage of these tools in the aforementioned entities. That, in turn, led to recognizing the synthetic and reductive nature of QUAR, considered insufficient to demonstrate the entities “true” performance, given the limitation in selecting the operational objectives for the QUAR annual assessment cycle. Through the complementarity and compatibility provided by the BSC, visibility and equity to the entire organisation on performance assessment and accountability reports is guarantee. Furthermore, it is through the BSC that the objectives and indicators for the QUAR are selected, relying on criteria such as importance, how the entity’s activity is represented and which activities take up the most resources, be it at a financial or human level. As a result of the investigation, a proposal of articulation between these two management tools is presented, addressed to General Secretariats and public institutes, grounded on objective selection criteria and indicators coming from the BSC.N/

Brazilian recommendations on the safety and effectiveness of the yellow fever vaccination in patients with chronic immune-mediated inflammatory diseases

Background: In Brazil, we are facing an alarming epidemic scenario of Yellow fever (YF), which is reaching the most populous areas of the country in unvaccinated people. Vaccination is the only effective tool to prevent YF. In special situations, such as patients with chronic immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (CIMID), undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, as a higher risk of severe adverse events may occur, assessment of the risk-benefit ratio of the yellow fever vaccine (YFV) should be performed on an individual level. Main body of the abstract: Faced with the scarcity of specific orientation on YFV for this special group of patients, the Brazilian Rheumatology Society (BRS) endorsed a project aiming the development of individualized YFV recommendations for patients with CIMID, guided by questions addressed by both medical professionals and patients, followed an internationally validated methodology (GIN-McMaster Guideline Development). Firstly, a systematic review was carried out and an expert panel formed to take part of the decision process, comprising BRS clinical practitioners, as well as individuals from the Brazilian Dermatology Society (BDS), Brazilian Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Study Group (GEDIIB), and specialists on infectious diseases and vaccination (from Tropical Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Immunizations National Societies); in addition, two representatives of patient groups were included as members of the panel. When the quality of the evidence was low or there was a lack of evidence to determine the recommendations, the decisions were based on the expert opinion panel and a Delphi approach was performed. A recommendation was accepted upon achieving ≥80% agreement among the panel, including the patient representatives. As a result, eight recommendations were developed regarding the safety of YFV in patients with CIMID, considering the immunosuppression degree conferred by the treatment used. It was not possible to establish recommendations on the effectiveness of YFV in these patients as there is no consistent evidence to support these recommendations. Conclusion: This paper approaches a real need, assessed by clinicians and patient care groups, to address specific questions on the management of YFV in patients with CIMID living or traveling to YF endemic areas, involving specialists from many areas together with patients, and might have global applicability, contributing to and supporting vaccination practices. We recommended a shared decision-making approach on taking or not the YFV

Prevalência da tuberculose bovina no Arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha e sua importância para o direcionamento das ações de Defesa Sanitária Animal

Recentes estudos epidemiológicos sobre tuberculose bovina foram conduzidos no Brasil, mas não em seus territórios insulares. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever a prevalência da tuberculose bovina no Arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha, Brasil, a fim de colaborar na adoção das estratégias de sua prevenção, controle e/ou erradicação. Em cada uma das dez propriedades existentes no arquipélago, todos os 74 bovinos acima de 24 meses de idade foram submetidos ao teste tuberculínico cervical comparativo. As informações epidemiológicas sobre a ocorrência da doença foram obtidas do banco de dados da Agência de Defesa e Fiscalização Agropecuária de Pernambuco - ADAGRO. As prevalências encontradas para rebanhos e animais foram 10% e 1,35%, respectivamente. A análise dos fatores de risco foi inviabilizada pelos resultados obtidos, já que o número de casos não permitiu fazer este tipo de análise. Este é o primeiro relato sobre prevalência da tuberculose bovina no Arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha. Várias características favorecem a implantação de estratégias que visem à erradicação da tuberculose bovina em Fernando de Noronha tais como: área territorial e característica insular; restrição da importação de animais de produção; reduzido número de bovinos e de propriedades; bem como pela baixa prevalência de animais positivos. Desta forma, o Serviço Veterinário Estadual (SVE) poderá otimizar as ações de vigilância nas espécies domésticas, estimulando a colaboração interdisciplinar entre os órgãos competentes para erradicar a tuberculose animal e alcançar melhoria da saúde humana por meio da saúde animal

Tipologia de rios em Portugal Continental no âmbito da implementação da Directiva Quadro da Água. I - Caracterização abiótica.

Os tipos são grupos de massas de água com características geográficas e hidrológicas relativamente homogéneas, consideradas relevantes para a determinação das condições ecológicas. O objectivo da definição de tipos é permitir que sejam correctamente estabelecidas condições de referência e que sejam comparáveis as classificações de estado ecológico dentro de cada grupo de rios com características semelhantes. Na definição da Tipologia para Rios, procedeu-se inicialmente à aplicação do sistema A (Anexo II, DQA) tendo-se obtido 18 tipos. Estando a generalidade dos tipos representada em todo o território continental, considerou-se que este sistema não traduziria a heterogeneidade ecológica existente, não reflectindo o gradiente climático Norte – Sul, particularmente evidente para a temperatura e precipitação. Nesse sentido entendeu-se necessário aplicar o Sistema B (Anexo II, DQA)

Enabling planetary science across light-years. Ariel Definition Study Report

Ariel, the Atmospheric Remote-sensing Infrared Exoplanet Large-survey, was adopted as the fourth medium-class mission in ESA's Cosmic Vision programme to be launched in 2029. During its 4-year mission, Ariel will study what exoplanets are made of, how they formed and how they evolve, by surveying a diverse sample of about 1000 extrasolar planets, simultaneously in visible and infrared wavelengths. It is the first mission dedicated to measuring the chemical composition and thermal structures of hundreds of transiting exoplanets, enabling planetary science far beyond the boundaries of the Solar System. The payload consists of an off-axis Cassegrain telescope (primary mirror 1100 mm x 730 mm ellipse) and two separate instruments (FGS and AIRS) covering simultaneously 0.5-7.8 micron spectral range. The satellite is best placed into an L2 orbit to maximise the thermal stability and the field of regard. The payload module is passively cooled via a series of V-Groove radiators; the detectors for the AIRS are the only items that require active cooling via an active Ne JT cooler. The Ariel payload is developed by a consortium of more than 50 institutes from 16 ESA countries, which include the UK, France, Italy, Belgium, Poland, Spain, Austria, Denmark, Ireland, Portugal, Czech Republic, Hungary, the Netherlands, Sweden, Norway, Estonia, and a NASA contribution

The PREDICTS database: a global database of how local terrestrial biodiversity responds to human impacts

Biodiversity continues to decline in the face of increasing anthropogenic pressures such as habitat destruction, exploitation, pollution and introduction of alien species. Existing global databases of species’ threat status or population time series are dominated by charismatic species. The collation of datasets with broad taxonomic and biogeographic extents, and that support computation of a range of biodiversity indicators, is necessary to enable better understanding of historical declines and to project – and avert – future declines. We describe and assess a new database of more than 1.6 million samples from 78 countries representing over 28,000 species, collated from existing spatial comparisons of local-scale biodiversity exposed to different intensities and types of anthropogenic pressures, from terrestrial sites around the world. The database contains measurements taken in 208 (of 814) ecoregions, 13 (of 14) biomes, 25 (of 35) biodiversity hotspots and 16 (of 17) megadiverse countries. The database contains more than 1% of the total number of all species described, and more than 1% of the described species within many taxonomic groups – including flowering plants, gymnosperms, birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, beetles, lepidopterans and hymenopterans. The dataset, which is still being added to, is therefore already considerably larger and more representative than those used by previous quantitative models of biodiversity trends and responses. The database is being assembled as part of the PREDICTS project (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems – www.predicts.org.uk). We make site-level summary data available alongside this article. The full database will be publicly available in 2015

Um ensaio teórico sobre o crescimento da arrecadação tributária federal no brasil: Aumento dos tributos ou da fiscalização?

In general context of the nationals politics, an important question is the tributary problem. Accordingly data’s IBGE, for as much Brasil has nowadays an tax burden superior at the third part of PIB, at the same time that exist very illegal withholdment and informality, attachment of level of taxs and the fight’s strategies against withholdment are relevant subjects. This paper analyse variables and factors that must be regarded by public administrator in tributaries problems, using game theory. In private, considerations are presented about federal contribution real increase superior at the PIB growthing in the last years. These considerations concerns about the public choice between to increase the taxs or to increase the inspection. Adding, the withholdment problem is related at the capital cost of enterprise, at the dilated term for punishment and the government’s reputation. This article conclude that contribution’s increase follows from both tax and inspection increase, as well as, provided that the present structure social and economics in Brasil, exist a large probability that withholdment level maintain highDentro do contexto geral das políticas nacionais, um dos temas que mais concentra atenção é a questão tributária. Dado que o Brasil, conforme dados do IBGE, possui atualmente uma carga tributária superior a um terço do PIB, ao mesmo tempo em que existe larga sonegação e informalidade, a definição do nível das alíquotas dos tributos, bem como as estratégias de combate à sonegação são assuntos de grande relevância. O presente trabalho analisa, por meio da teoria dos jogos, as variáveis e fatores que devem ser levados em consideração pelo gestor público frente a esse problema. Em particular, são apresentadas considerações sobre o aumento real da arrecadação federal acima do crescimento do PIB nos últimos anos. Tais considerações versam sobre a escolha pública entre elevar as alíquotas tributárias e/ou aumentar o esforço de fiscalização. Adicionalmente, a questão da sonegação é relacionada com custo do capital por parte das empresas, ao dilatado prazo para punições e à questão da reputação do governo. Conclui-se que os ganhos de arrecadação foram devidos tanto ao aumento na alíquota quanto no esforço de fiscalização, bem como que, dada a atual estrutura sócioeconômica no país, é provável que o nível de sonegação permaneça elevado

Habitat loss and distribution of the Ornate Horned Frog (Ceratophrys ornata): implications for its conservation in South American temperate grasslands

Ceratophrys ornata is an iconic and regionally threatened amphibian of the temperate grasslands from Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay. Conservation assessments suggested that habitat loss is the main threat to the species, although no studies have yet explored the link between grassland replacement and C. ornata decline. Using a robust database with ∼1000 records from herpetological collections, citizen science, and long-term monitoring, we modeled the species' ecological niche to produce a map of suitable areas, where we searched for C. ornata using active and passive techniques. After exhaustive efforts, we failed to obtain recent records from Brazil and Uruguay. We also conducted Generalized Linear Models to explore the relationship between land use/cover, landscape configuration, and current species occurrence. Overall, results showed that C. ornata occurrence is negatively associated with variables related to native grasslands fragmentation and replacement (i.e., Distance to the Nearest Patch, Forest Plantations), suggesting that habitat loss may have driven local extinctions and population declines of the species. Finally, we outline the regional and national conservation needs of C. ornata and recommend focusing on in-situ conservation strategies for the Argentinean populations to ensure the species' viability

Pharmacologic management of pain in patients with Chikungunya: a guideline

Abstract From the arrival of Chikungunya virus in the Americas in 2013 until March 2016, approximately two million cases of the disease have been reported. In Brazil, the virus was identified in 2014 and thousands of people have been affected. The disease has high attack rates, infecting 50% of a population within a few months. Approximately 50% of infected people develop chronic symptoms lasting for months or years. Joint involvement is the main clinical manifestation of Chikungunya. It is characterized by swelling and intense pain that is poorly responsive to analgesics, both in the acute and chronic phase of the disease. This significantly compromises quality of life and may have immeasurable psychosocial and economic repercussions, constituting therefore, a serious public health problem requiring a targeted approach. Physicians are often not familiar with how to approach the management of pain, frequently prescribing limited analgesics, such as dipyrone, in sub-therapeutic doses. In addition, there are few published studies or guidelines on the approach to the treatment of pain in patients with Chikungunya. Some groups of specialists from different fields have thus developed a protocol for the pharmacologic treatment of Chikungunya-associated acute and chronic joint pain; this will be presented in this review

Pharmacologic management of pain in patients with Chikungunya: a guideline

Abstract From the arrival of Chikungunya virus in the Americas in 2013 until March 2016, approximately two million cases of the disease have been reported. In Brazil, the virus was identified in 2014 and thousands of people have been affected. The disease has high attack rates, infecting 50% of a population within a few months. Approximately 50% of infected people develop chronic symptoms lasting for months or years. Joint involvement is the main clinical manifestation of Chikungunya. It is characterized by swelling and intense pain that is poorly responsive to analgesics, both in the acute and chronic phase of the disease. This significantly compromises quality of life and may have immeasurable psychosocial and economic repercussions, constituting therefore, a serious public health problem requiring a targeted approach. Physicians are often not familiar with how to approach the management of pain, frequently prescribing limited analgesics, such as dipyrone, in sub-therapeutic doses. In addition, there are few published studies or guidelines on the approach to the treatment of pain in patients with Chikungunya. Some groups of specialists from different fields have thus developed a protocol for the pharmacologic treatment of Chikungunya-associated acute and chronic joint pain; this will be presented in this review