11,833 research outputs found
An exploratory study on internet addiction, somatic symptoms and emotional and behavioral functioning in school-aged adolescents
Objective: In the last two decades there has been a significant transformation regarding the use of new technologies. Despite growing acknowledgement concerning the different activities and functions of digital technologies, there remains a lack of understanding on how technology overuse may negatively impact both physical and psychosocial well-being. Although researchers have begun to explore the meaning and implications of excessive Internet use in non-clinical populations of children and adolescents, there is still little consistent knowledge on the topic. This study aimed to extend existing knowledge on the excessive use of the Internet among school-aged adolescents, focusing on its association with recurrent somatic symptoms, depressive risk and behavioral and emotional problems. Method: Two hundred and forty adolescents (51.9% females) aged between 10 and 15, participated in this study. Data was collected using the Childrenâs Somatization Inventory, the Internet Addiction Test, the Childrenâs Depression Inventory, the Youth Self Report and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Structural Equation Model analysis was used to analyse the data. Results: Approximately 21.8% of participants reported excessive Internet use based on Youngâs criteria. Higher levels of Internet use were associated with somatic and depressive symptoms as well as emotional and behavioral problems. Depressive Symptoms predicted both Internet Addiction (b = 0.304, p < 0.001) and Internalizing (b = 0.542, p <0.001) and Externalizing problems (b = 0.484, p < 0.001). Internet Addiction also significantly predicted both Internalizing (b = 0.162, p = 0.02) and Externalizing problems (b = 0.183, p = 0.02). Finally, Structural Equation Modeling showed that the indirect effect of Depressive Symptoms (via Internet Addiction) on Internalizing or Externalizing problems were significant. Conclusions: Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these findings and to identify the mechanisms linking Internet use, somatic symptoms and adaptive functioning
Phonon Properties of Knbo3 and Ktao3 from First-Principles Calculations
The frequencies of transverse-optical phonons in KNbO and
KTaO are calculated in the frozen-phonon scheme making use of the
full-potential linearized muffin-tin orbital method. The calculated frequencies
in the cubic phase of KNbO and in the tetragonal ferroelectric phase are in
good agreement with experimental data. For KTaO, the effect of lattice
volume was found to be substantial on the frequency of the soft mode, but
rather small on the relative displacement patterns of atoms in all three modes
of the symmetry. The TO frequencies in KTaO are found to be of the
order of, but somehow higher than, the corresponding frequencies in cubic
KNbO.Comment: 8 pages + 1 LaTeX figure, Revtex 3.0, SISSA-CM-94-00
About Superluminal motions and Special Relativity: A Discussion of some recent Experiments, and the solution of the Causal Paradoxes
Some experiments, performed at Berkeley, Cologne, Florence, Vienna, Orsay,
Rennes, etc., led to the claim that something seems to travel with a group
velocity larger than the speed c of light in vacuum. Various other experimental
results seem to point in the same direction: For instance, localized wavelet-
type solutions to Maxwell equations have been found, both theoretically and
experimentally, that travel with superluminal speed. [Even muonic and
electronic neutrinos [it has been proposed] might be "tachyons", since their
square mass appears to be negative]. With regard to the first-mentioned
experiments, it was recently claimed by Guenter Nimtz that those results with
evanescent waves (or tunneling photons) imply superluminal signal and impulse
transmission, and therefore violate Einstein causality. In this note we want to
stress that, on the contrary, all such results do not place relativistic
causality in jeopardy, even if they referred to actual tachyonic motions: In
fact, Special Relativity can cope even with superluminal objects and waves. For
instance, it is possible (at least in microphysics) to solve also the known
causal paradoxes, devised for faster than light motion, although this is not
widely recognized yet. Here we show, in detail and rigorously, how to solve the
oldest causal paradox, originally proposed by Tolman, which is the kernel of
many further tachyon paradoxes (like J.Bell's, F.A.E.Pirani's, J.D.Edmonds' and
others'). The key to the solution is a careful application of tachyon
mechanics, as it unambiguously follows from special relativity. At Last, in one
of the two Appendices, we propose how to evaluate the group-velocity in the
case of evanescent waves. [PACS nos.: 03.30.+p; 03.50.De; 41.20.Jb; 73.40.Gk;
84.40.Az; 42.82.Et ]Comment: LaTeX file: 26 pages, with 5 Figures (and two Appendices). The
original version of this paper appeared in the Journal below
Weak lensing mass reconstruction of the interacting cluster 1E0657-558: Direct evidence for the existence of dark matter
We present a weak lensing mass reconstruction of the interacting cluster
1E0657-558 in which we detect both the main cluster and a sub-cluster. The
sub-cluster is identified as a smaller cluster which has just undergone initial
in-fall and pass-through of the primary cluster, and has been previously
identified in both optical surveys and X-ray studies. The X-ray gas has been
separated from the galaxies by ram-pressure stripping during the pass-through.
The detected mass peak is located between the X-ray peak and galaxy
concentration, although the position is consistent with the galaxy centroid
within the errors of the mass reconstruction. We find that the mass peak for
the main cluster is in good spatial agreement with the cluster galaxies and
offset from the X-ray halo at 3.4 sigma significance, and determine that the
mass-to-light ratios of the two components are consistent with those of relaxed
clusters. The observed offsets of the lensing mass peaks from the peaks of the
dominant visible mass component (the X-ray gas) directly demonstrate the
presence, and dominance, of dark matter in this cluster. This proof of the dark
matter existence holds true even under the assumption of modified Newtonian
gravity (MOND); from the observed gravitational shear to optical light ratios
and mass peak - X-ray gas offsets, the dark matter component in a MOND regime
has a total mass which is at least equal to the baryonic mass of the system.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure, accepted by Ap
New distinguished classes of spectral spaces: a survey
In the present survey paper, we present several new classes of Hochster's
spectral spaces "occurring in nature", actually in multiplicative ideal theory,
and not linked to or realized in an explicit way by prime spectra of rings. The
general setting is the space of the semistar operations (of finite type),
endowed with a Zariski-like topology, which turns out to be a natural
topological extension of the space of the overrings of an integral domain,
endowed with a topology introduced by Zariski. One of the key tool is a recent
characterization of spectral spaces, based on the ultrafilter topology, given
in a paper by C. Finocchiaro in Comm. Algebra 2014. Several applications are
also discussed
OPEN NETWORK FOR LOCAL SELF SUSTAINABILITY, BOOSTING BIOREGIONAL DEVELOPMENT THROUGH AN OPEN DATA SHARING SYSTEM
Abstract. The paper presents an online geodatabase currently under development. Its name is Open NETwork for Local Self Sustainability and the website address is www.oloss.net.The goal of this platform is to publish and share information about production and consumption chain oriented towards the use of locally available resources. To this end, it provides an open standard of supply chains georeferenced representation, and the ability to georefer data generally used in the context of life cycle analysis of products and services. This standard has the purpose of representing production and consumption chains in the form of Impact Geographies (IGs). This database may provide public administration centers, research centers, NGOs, planners and designers with information useful to develop projects geared towards the optimal use of local resources, consistent with the bioregional development paradigm (Sale, 1985) (Scudo, 2016). The bioregional approach promotes trans-scalar regional supply and demand chains where food and energy are grown, produced, sold and consumed within a certain territorial unit.</p
Physical properties of z~4 LBGs: differences between galaxies with and without Ly-alpha emission
We have analysed the physical properties of z~4 Lyman Break Galaxies observed
in the GOODS-S survey, in order to investigate the possible differences between
galaxies where the Ly-alpha is present in emission, and those where the line is
absent or in absorption. The objects have been selected from their optical
color and then spectroscopically confirmed by Vanzella et al. (2005). From the
public spectra we assessed the nature of the Ly-alpha emission and divided the
sample into galaxies with Ly-alpha in emission and objects without Ly-alpha
line (i.e. either absent or in absorption). We have then used the complete
photometry, from U band to mid infrared from the GOODS-MUSIC database, to study
the observational properties of the galaxies, such as UV spectral slopes and
optical to mid-infrared colors, and the possible differences between the two
samples. Finally through standard spectral fitting tecniques we have determined
the physical properties of the galaxies, such as total stellar mass, stellar
ages and so on, and again we have studied the possible differences between the
two samples. Our results indicate that LBG with Ly-alpha in emission are on
average a much younger and less massive population than the LBGs without
Ly-alpha emission. Both populations are forming stars very actively and are
relatively dust free, although those with line emission seem to be even less
dusty on average. We briefly discuss these results in the context of recent
models for the evolution of Lyman break galaxies and Ly-alpha emitters.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A. Uses aa.cls, 6 pages, 3 figure
Unveiling obscured accretion in the Chandra Deep Field South
A large population of heavily obscured, Compton Thick AGNs is predicted by
models of galaxy formation, models of Cosmic X-ray Background and by the
``relic'' super-massive black-hole mass function measured from local bulges.
However, so far only a handful of Compton thick AGNs have been possibly
detected using even the deepest Chandra and XMM surveys. Compton-thick AGNs can
be recovered thanks to the reprocessing of the AGN UV emission in the infrared
by selecting sources with AGN luminosity's in the mid-infrared and faint
near-infrared and optical emission. To this purpose, we make use of deep HST,
VLT, Spitzer and Chandra data on the Chandra Deep Field South to constrain the
number of Compton thick AGN in this field. We show that sources with high
24m to optical flux ratios and red colors form a distinct source
population, and that their infrared luminosity is dominated by AGN emission.
Analysis of the X-ray properties of these extreme sources shows that most of
them (80) are indeed likely to be highly obscured, Compton thick AGNs.
The number of infrared selected, Compton thick AGNs with 5.8m luminosity
higher than erg s turns out to be similar to that of X-ray
selected, unobscured and moderately obscured AGNs with 2-10 keV luminosity
higher than erg s in the redshift bin 1.2-2.6. This ``factor
of 2'' source population is exactly what it is needed to solve the
discrepancies between model predictions and X-ray AGN selection.Comment: Revised version, to be published by The Astrophysical Journa
Ergodicity breaking in strong and network-forming glassy system
The temperature dependence of the non-ergodicity factor of vitreous GeO,
, as deduced from elastic and quasi-elastic neutron scattering
experiments, is analyzed. The data are collected in a wide range of
temperatures from the glassy phase, up to the glass transition temperature, and
well above into the undercooled liquid state. Notwithstanding the investigated
system is classified as prototype of strong glass, it is found that the
temperature- and the -behavior of follow some of the predictions
of Mode Coupling Theory. The experimental data support the hypothesis of the
existence of an ergodic to non-ergodic transition occurring also in network
forming glassy systems
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