Multifaceted highly targeted sequential multidrug treatment of early ambulatory high-risk SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19)

The SARS-CoV-2 virus spreading across the world has led to surges of COVID-19 illness, hospitalizations, and death. The complex and multifaceted pathophysiology of life-threatening COVID-19 illness including viral mediated organ damage, cytokine storm, and thrombosis warrants early interventions to address all components of the devastating illness. In countries where therapeutic nihilism is prevalent, patients endure escalating symptoms and without early treatment can succumb to delayed in-hospital care and death. Prompt early initiation of sequenced multidrug therapy (SMDT) is a widely and currently available solution to stem the tide of hospitalizations and death. A multipronged therapeutic approach includes 1) adjuvant nutraceuticals, 2) combination intracellular anti-infective therapy, 3) inhaled/oral corticosteroids, 4) antiplatelet agents/anticoagulants, 5) supportive care including supplemental oxygen, monitoring, and telemedicine. Randomized trials of individual, novel oral therapies have not delivered tools for physicians to combat the pandemic in practice. No single therapeutic option thus far has been entirely effective and therefore a combination is required at this time. An urgent immediate pivot from single drug to SMDT regimens should be employed as a critical strategy to deal with the large numbers of acute COVID-19 patients with the aim of reducing the intensity and duration of symptoms and avoiding hospitalization and death

Interações medicamentosas: fundamentos para a pratica clínica da enfermagem Drugs interactions: fundamental aspects for clinical practice nursing

O fenômeno das interações medicamentosas constitui na atualidade um dos temas mais importantes da farmacologia, para a prática clínica dos profissionais da saúde. O uso concomitante de vários medicamentos, enquanto estratégia terapêutica, e o crescente número destes agentes no mercado são alguns dos fatores que contribuem para ampliar os efeitos benéficos da terapia, mas que também possibilitam a interferência mútua de ações farmacológicas podendo resultar em alterações dos efeitos desejados. Este artigo, de revisão, tem por objetivos rever os princípios farmacológicos relacionados aos mecanismos das interações medicamentosas; descrever as classes dos medicamentos interativos, os grupos de pacientes expostos ao risco e sugerir medidas práticas para a equipe de enfermagem, no intuito de prevenir a ocorrência de reações adversas decorrentes de interações fortuitas.<br>Nowadays drugs interactions constitute one the most important subjects of pharmacological for clinical practive of health professionals. The concomitant use of many drugs as therapeutic strategy and the growing number of agents available contribute to enlarge the benefical effects of therapy. Besides, these factors can also permit the mutual interference of pharmacological actions that result in alteractions of therapeutics effects. The aim of this article is to review the principles pharmacological related to the mechanisms of drugs interactions, to describe the types of interactive drugs; the groups of risk patients and to suggest specific nursing interventions aiming the prevention of occurrence of adverse reactions from accidental interactions

Surgeons' perspectives on artificial intelligence to support clinical decision-making in trauma and emergency contexts: results from an international survey

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is gaining traction in medicine and surgery. AI-based applications can offer tools to examine high-volume data to inform predictive analytics that supports complex decision-making processes. Time-sensitive trauma and emergency contexts are often challenging. The study aims to investigate trauma and emergency surgeons' knowledge and perception of using AI-based tools in clinical decision-making processes. Methods: An online survey grounded on literature regarding AI-enabled surgical decision-making aids was created by a multidisciplinary committee and endorsed by the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES). The survey was advertised to 917 WSES members through the society's website and Twitter profile. Results: 650 surgeons from 71 countries in five continents participated in the survey. Results depict the presence of technology enthusiasts and skeptics and surgeons' preference toward more classical decision-making aids like clinical guidelines, traditional training, and the support of their multidisciplinary colleagues. A lack of knowledge about several AI-related aspects emerges and is associated with mistrust. Discussion: The trauma and emergency surgical community is divided into those who firmly believe in the potential of AI and those who do not understand or trust AI-enabled surgical decision-making aids. Academic societies and surgical training programs should promote a foundational, working knowledge of clinical AI