Improving the treatment and remission of major depression in homeless people with severe mental illness: the multicentric French Housing First (FHF) program. French Housing First Study Group Running title: Major depression in homeless people with severe mental disorders

International audienceObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the factors associated with violent behavior in a large multicenter sample of Homeless Schizophrenia (SZ) and Bipolar Disorder (BD) (HSB) subjects.MethodsThis multicenter study was conducted in 4 French cities: Lille, Marseille, Paris and Toulouse. Violent behavior was defined by at least one episode of verbal or physical violence in the last 6 months.ResultsOverall, 675 HSB patients, mean aged 38 years and 82.5% men were included, 458 SZ (68.4%) and 212 BD (31.6%). During the 6 months before evaluation, 213 (34.3%) committed at least one physical or verbal violence. In multivariate analysis, violence has been associated with younger age (aOR = 0.96[0.94–0.99], p = .001), number of nights in the street (aOR = 1.01[1.01–1.01]), BD diagnosis (aOR = 1.63[1.01–2.65], p = .04), higher current illness severity (CGI score) (aOR = 1.32[1.07–1.64], p = .01), higher rates of current manic episode (aOR = 2.24[1.32–3.81], p = .002), current alcohol use disorder (aOR = 2.05 [1.33–3.15], p = .001), antisocial personality disorder (aOR = 2.51[1.55–4.07], p < .001) and with antidepressant consumption (aOR = 2.01[1.01–4.04], p = .04). No specific antipsychotic or mood stabilizer has been associated with decreased rates of violent behavior, however clozapine, lithium and carbamazepine remained poorly prescribed.ConclusionIn case of violent behavior in HSB subjects, clinicians should focus in priority on the treatment of mania, antidepressant iatrogenic effect and alcohol use disorder by pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments. Clozapine, lithium and carbamazepine should be chosen as the treatments of reference in this population but may be hard to manage in some cases.The current clinical trial number is NCT01570712

First-year French medical students consume antidepressants and anxiolytics while second-years consume non-medical drugs.

International audienc

Psychiatric and psychological follow-up of undergraduate and postgraduate medical students: prevalence and associated factors. Results from the national BOURBON study. Running title: mental health and addictive behavior of medical students

International audienceBackgroundPhysicians are at risk of burnout, anxiety and depression. Prevention is needed from the beginning of the medical studies to detect early poor mental health outcomes.ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence and associated of psychiatric or psychological follow-up in a national sample of undergraduate and postgraduate medical students (UPMS).MethodsUPMS of the 35 French Medicine faculties were recruited through mailing lists and social networks between December 2016 and May 2017 and fulfilled Internet anonymised questionnaires.ResultsOverall, 10,985 UPMS were included in the present study (2165 (19.7%) postgraduate, 31.6% males, mean aged 21.8 years). Overall, 1345 (12.2%) were followed-up by a psychiatrist and/or a psychologist, 20.5% of them were regular anxiolytic consumers and 17.2% of them were regular antidepressant consumers. In multivariate analyses, being followed-up by a psychiatrist and/or psychologist was associated with older age (aOR = 1.2[1.2–1.2], p < 0.0001), female gender (aOR = 0.5[0.5–0.7], p < 0.0001), current alcohol use disorder (aOR = 1.3[1.3–1.5], p < 0.0001), higher anxiolytic (aOR = 3.1[2.5–3.7],p < 0.0001) and antidepressant (aOR = 11.7[7.6–18.0],p < 0.0001) consumption, and with lower self-reported general health, social functioning and mental health quality of life (all aORs = 0.9, all p < 0.05). The UPMS followed-up by psychiatrist and/or psychologist reported to have been more frequently exposed to sexual assault (5.1% vs. 0.9%, aOR = 2.5[1.3–4.7], p < 0.0001), domestic violence (3.3% vs. 0.8% aOR = 2.1[1.2–4.0], p = 0.01) and parents divorce (11% vs. 6.4%, aOR = 1.5[1.2–1.9], p = 0.001). Students followed-up by a psychiatrist and/or psychologist reported more frequently to seek alleviating anxiety (aOR 1.9[1.6–2.3], p < 0.0001), depression (aOR 1.7[1.3–2.1],p < 0.0001), coping with studies difficulties (aOR 1.5[1.2–1.8],p < 0.0001), experiencing more stress at hospital (aOR = 2.3[1.6–3.5],p < 0.001) and more burnout syndrome (aOR = 1.4[1.1–1.8], p = 0.03).ConclusionsAround 12% of UPMS are followed-up by a psychiatrist and/or a psychologist. These students reported higher antidepressant and anxiolytic consumption, psychic suffering and altered quality of life, associated with professional pressure and personal issues. Public health programs should be developed to help these students through their studies to prevent later mental /addictive issues and professional suffering. Improving UPMS mental health may also improve the later quality of care of their patients and global stress at hospital

Psychiatric and psychological follow-up of undergraduate and postgraduate medical students: prevalence and associated factors. Results from the national BOURBON study. Running title: mental health and addictive behavior of medical students

International audienceBackground. Physicians are at risk of burnout, anxiety and depression. Prevention i

The effect of excess weight on circulating inflammatory cytokines in drug-naïve first-episode psychosis individuals

Background: Low-grade inflammation has been repeatedly associated with both excess weight and psychosis. However, no previous studies have addressed the direct effect of body mass index (BMI) on basal serum cytokines in individuals with first-episode psychosis (FEP). Objectives: The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of BMI on basal serum cytokine levels in FEP patients and control subjects, separating the total sample into two groups: normal-weight and overweight individuals. Methods: This is a prospective and open-label study. We selected 75 FEP patients and 75 healthy controls with similar characteristics to patients according to the following variables: sex, age, and cannabis and tobacco consumption. Both controls and patients were separated into two groups according to their BMI: subjects with a BMI under 25 were considered as normal weight and those with a BMI equal to or more than 25 were considered as overweight. Serum levels of 21 cytokines/chemokines were measured at baseline using the Human High Sensitivity T Cell Magnetic Bead Panel protocol from the Milliplex® Map Kit. We compared the basal serum levels of the 21 cytokines between control and patient groups according to their BMI. Results: In the normal-weight group, IL-8 was the only cytokine that was higher in patients than in the control group (p = 0.001), whereas in the overweight group, serum levels of two pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, p = 0.000; IL-1?, p = 0.003), two chemokines (IL-8, p = 0.001; MIP-1?, p = 0.001), four Th-1 and Th-2 cytokines (IL-13, p = 0.009; IL-2, p = 0.001; IL-7, p = 0.001; IL-12p70, p = 0.010), and one Type-3 cytokine (IL-23, p = 0.010) were higher in patients than in controls. Conclusions: Most differences in the basal serum cytokine levels between patients and healthy volunteers were found in the overweight group. These findings suggest that excess weight can alter the homeostasis of the immune system and therefore may have an additive pro-inflammatory effect on the one produced by psychosis in the central nervous system.Funding: The present study was carried out at the Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain, under the following grant support from MINECO SAF2013-46292-R, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, and Fundación Marqués de Valdecilla. No pharmaceutical company has participated in the study concept and design, data collection, analysis and interpretation of the results, and drafting of the manuscript. We thank the Valdecilla Biobank for blood sampling handling and storage. We also wish to thank the participants and their families for enrolling in this study. The study, designed and directed by B C-F, conformed to international standards for research ethics and was approved by the local institutional review board

A versatile synthesis method of dendrites-free segmented nanowires with a precise size control

We report an innovative strategy to obtain cylindrical nanowires combining well established and low-cost bottom-up methods such as template-assisted nanowires synthesis and electrodeposition process. This approach allows the growth of single-layer or multi-segmented nanowires with precise control over their length (from few nanometers to several micrometers). The employed techniques give rise to branched pores at the bottom of the templates and consequently dendrites at the end of the nanowires. With our method, these undesired features are easily removed from the nanowires by a selective chemical etching. This is crucial for magnetic characterizations where such non-homogeneous branches may introduce undesired features into the final magnetic response. The obtained structures show extremely narrow distributions in diameter and length, improved robustness and high-yield, making this versatile approach strongly compatible with large scale production at an industrial level. Finally, we show the possibility to tune accurately the size of the nanostructures and consequently provide an easy control over the magnetic properties of these nanostructures

17-year trends of body mass index, overweight, and obesity among adolescents from 2005 to 2021, including the COVID-19 pandemic: a Korean national representative study

OBJECTIVE: There is a lack of pediatric studies that have analyzed trends in mean body mass index (BMI) and the prevalence of obesity and overweight over a period that includes the mid-stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, we aimed to investigate trends in BMI, overweight, and obesity among Korean adolescents from 2005 to 2021, including the COVID-19 pandemic. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We used data from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBS), which is nationally representative of South Korea. The study included middle- and high-school students between the ages of 12 and 18. We examined trends in mean BMI and prevalence of obesity and/or overweight during the COVID-19 pandemic and compared these to those of pre-pandemic trends in each subgroup by gender, grade, and residential region. RESULTS: Data from 1,111,300 adolescents (mean age: 15.04 years) were analyzed. The estimated weighted mean BMI was 20.48 kg/m2 (95% CI, 20.46-20.51) between 2005 and 2007, and this was 21.61 kg/m2 (95% CI, 21.54-21.68) in 2021. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 13.1% (95% CI, 12.9-13.3%) between 2005 and 2007 and 23.4% (95% CI, 22.8-24.0%) in 2021. The mean BMI and prevalence of obesity and overweight have gradually increased over the past 17 years; however, the extent of change in mean BMI and in the prevalence of obesity and overweight during the pandemic was distinctly less than before. The 17-year trends in the mean BMI, obesity, and overweight exhibited a considerable rise from 2005 to 2021; however, the slope during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2021) was significantly less prominent than in the pre-pandemic (2005-2019). CONCLUSIONS: These findings enable us to comprehend long-term trends in the mean BMI of Korean adolescents and further emphasize the need for practical prevention measures against youth obesity and overweight