Laminaria japonica Extract Enhances Intestinal Barrier Function by Altering Inflammatory Response and Tight Junction-Related Protein in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Caco-2 Cells.

In the normal physiological state, intestinal epithelial cells act as a defensive frontline of host mucosal immunity to tolerate constant exposure to external stimuli. In this study, we investigated the potential anti-inflammatory and gut permeability protective effects of Laminaria japonica (LJ) water extract (LJE) and three types of fermented Laminaria japonica water extracts (LJE-F1, LJE-F2, and LJE-F3) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated Caco-2, human intestinal epithelial cells. All four extracts significantly decreased the production of nitric oxide and interleukin-6 induced by LPS stimulus. In addition, LJE and the three types of LJE-Fs also inhibited LPS-induced loss of monolayer permeability, as assessed by changes in transepithelial electrical resistance. All four LJ extracts significantly prevented the inhibition of the protein levels of occludin, whereas LJE, LJE-F1, and LJE-F3 significantly attenuated the reduction in phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase compared with the LPS-treated group in Caco-2 cells. In conclusion, LJE and its fermented water extracts appear to have potential gut health-promoting effects by reducing inflammation and partially regulating the tight junction-related proteins in human intestinal epithelial cells. Thus, additional studies are warranted to evaluate Laminaria japonica as a therapeutic agent for inflammatory bowel diseases

Sistem Ground Penetrating Radar Untuk Mendeteksi Benda-benda Di Bawah Permukaan Tanah

Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) merupakan suatu alat yang digunakan untuk proses deteksi benda–benda yang terkubur di bawah tanah dengan tingkat kedalaman tertentu, dengan menggunakan gelombang radio. Dalam sistem GPR peralatan yang digunakan terdiri dari unit kontrol, antena pengirim dan antena penerima, penyimpanan data yang sesuai dan peralatan display. Aplikasi GPR dapat digunakan untuk survey benda-benda yang terpendam di tempat yang dangkal, tempat yang dalam, dan pemeriksaan beton. Keuntungan penggunaan GPR adalah relatif mudah dilakukan dan tidak merusak, antena tidak harus bersentuhan secara langsung dengan permukaan tanah, dengan cara demikian dapat mempermudah dan mempercepat pengukuran. Keterbatasan utama GPR adalah lokasi capaiannya yang spesifik, dan antena GPR secara umum dioptimasi hanya untuk durasi pulsa tertentu. Jadi apabila GPR bekerja dengan impuls yang berbeda memerlukan antena yang berbed

Analysis and Comparison of the Antioxidant Component of Portulaca Oleracea Leaves Obtained by Different Solid-Liquid Extraction Techniques

Portulaca oleracea is a wild plant pest of orchards and gardens, but is also an edible vegetable rich in beneficial nutrients. It possesses many antioxidant properties due to the high content of vitamins, minerals, omega-3 essential fatty acids and other healthful compounds; therefore, the intake of purslane and/or its bioactive compounds could help to improve the health and function of the whole human organism. Accordingly, in this work it was analyzed and compared to the extractive capacity of the antioxidant component of purslane leaves obtained by solid-liquid extraction techniques such as: hot-maceration, maceration with ultrasound, rapid solid-liquid dynamic extraction using the Naviglio extractor, and a combination of two techniques (mix extraction). The chromatographic analysis by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) of the methanolic extract of dried purslane leaves allowed the identification of various polyphenolic compounds for comparison with the standards. In addition, the properties of the different extracts were calculated on dry matter and the antioxidant properties of the total polyphenol components analyzed by the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay. The results showed that mix extraction was the most efficient compared to other techniques. In fact, it obtained a quantity of polyphenols amounting to 237.8 mg Gallic Acid Equivalents (GAE)/100 g of fresh weight, while in other techniques, the range varied from 60-160 mg GAE/100 g fresh weight. In addition, a qualitative analysis by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) of the phenolic compounds present in the purslane leaves examined was carried out. The compounds were identified by comparison of their molecular weight, fragmentation pattern and retention time with those of standards, using the "Multiple Reaction Monitoring" mode (MRM). Therefore, this study allowed the re-evaluation of a little-known plant that possesses as its beneficial properties, a great potential for use in both the food and the nutraceuticals and cosmetic field

Sistem Perlindungan Menggunakan Optical Switching Pada Tegangan Tinggi

Sistem kontrol arus lemah (DC) dengan sistem logika yang mempunyai level tegangan 0 – 5 V, seperti penggunaan mikrokontroler, interface komputer dan lain-lain. Banyak digunakan dikalangan industri dan perangkat-perangkat rumah tangga. Dalam pengendalian beban dengan sumber tegangan jala-jala listrik seperti 220 Vac, maka diperlukan rangkaian switching sebagai perlidungan sistem kendalinya. Switching dengan teknologi optik menggunakan optoisolator IC MOC3040 lebih menjamin keamanan rangkaian pengendali dari pengaruh jala-jala listrik dan tidak menimbulkan loncatan bunga api saat saklar terhubung/ terputus, disebabkan terpisahnya aliran arus antara beban dengan rangkaian pengendali oleh penggandeng cahaya tersebut. Sehingga dengan menggunakan rangkaian ini mampu memperkecil kerugian dan bahaya yang ditimbulkan oleh switching jala-jala listrik 220Vac

Chemical Composition and in Vitro Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Eucalyptus gillii Essential Oil and Extracts

In this study, essential oil and various extracts (hexane, petroleum ether, acetone, ethanol, methanol and water) of Eucalyptus gilii were screened for their chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. The essential oil chemical composition was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID), respectively. Thirty four compounds were identified, corresponding to 99.5% of the total essential oil. Tannins [104.9-251.3 g catechin equivalent (CE)/Kg dry mass], flavonoids [3.3-34.3 g quercetin equivalent (QE)/Kg dry mass], phenolics [4.7-216.6 g gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/Kg dry mass] and anthocyannins [1.2-45.3 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalent (C3GE)/Kg dry mass] of various extracts were investigated. Free radical scavenging capacity of all samples was determinedt. In the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, the IC50 of essential oil was 163.5 ± 10.7 mg/L and in the 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate (ABTS) assay, it was 94.7 ± 7.1 mg/L. Among the various extracts, the water extract showed the best result (IC50 = 11.4 ± 0.6 mg/L) in the DPPH assay which was comparable to vitamin C (IC50 = 4.4 ± 0.2 mg/L). The antimicrobial activities were evaluated against different bacterial and fungal strains. Gram positive bacteria were found to be more sensitive to the essential oil and extracts than Gram negative ones. Anthocyanins seem to have a major effect on the growth of Bacillus subtilis (R2 = 0.79). A significant antifungal activity was observed against the yeast and fungi. Correlations between chemical composition and antioxidant activities were studied and R2 values were about 0.96 for the effect of phenolics on the DPPH assay

Optimasi BTS Untuk Peningkatan Kualitas Jaringan CDMA 2000

Kualitas layanan jaringan merupakan hal yang sangat penting untuk terus ditingkatkan. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan layanan optimasi BTS yang bertujuan untuk pengoptimalan jaringan. Kegiatan optimasi jaringan dengan dilakukannya drive test. Begitu data telah terkumpul dari suatu area cakupan tertentu, data akan diproses lebih lanjut dengan software tool terpisah. Maintenance engineer dapat menggunakan data yang telah diproses untuk menganalisa unjuk kerja sistem di daerah tersebut. Layanan optimasi BTS diharapkan dapat mencapai target yang telah ditentukan untuk pengoptimalan seluruh sel disemua BTS