СВЕРХНОРМАТИВНЫЕ СБРОСЫ ЗАГРЯЗНЯЮЩИХ ВЕЩЕСТВ: ПРОБЛЕМЫ МЕТОДИКИ УСТАНОВЛЕНИЯ ПРИЧИНЕННОГО УЩЕРБА

The article deals with environmental law peculiarities with excess discharges of pollutants (EDP) within the system of the state regulation of water use. It presents the basic theoretical provisions for a comprehensive methods of a forensic engineer, environmental and economic examination of damages incurred by the state as the result of excess discharges ofpollutants into water bodies. This methods solves the following tasks: confirms the facts of EDP registered by the bodies of Ukrainian State Environmental Inspection (USEI) and determines the properties of these EDPs; confirms the initial data collected by USEI to calculate damages; confirms and/or determines the amount of damages. The first task has a priority and is solved by inspecting: the conditions with regard to which the calculation of damages has been carried out; the fact whether the technical object of discharge meets hydraulic requirements; the study of the event and temporal structure of the period when the violation took place, identification of elementary events on the control of return water, control such episodes; determining the characteristics of control events; depiction of the EDP structure with a matrix model.Розглянуто еколого-правові особливості, місце й значення наднормативних скидань забруднюючих речовин у системі державного регулювання водокористування. Викладено основні теоретичні положення комплексної методики судової інженерно-екологічної та економічної експертизи збитків, заподіяних державі наднормативними скиданнями забруднюючих речовин у водні об’єкти

A Double-Mode RR Lyrae Star with a Strong Fundamental Mode Component

NSVS 5222076, a thirteenth magnitude star in the Northern Sky Variability Survey, was identified by Oaster as a possible new double-mode RR Lyrae star. We confirm the double-mode nature of NSVS 5222076, supplementing the survey data with new V band photometry. NSVS 5222076 has a fundamental mode period of 0.4940 day and a first overtone period of 0.3668 day. Its fundamental mode light curve has an amplitude twice as large as that of the first overtone mode, a ratio very rarely seen. Data from the literature are used to discuss the location in the Petersen diagram of double-mode RR Lyrae stars having strong fundamental mode pulsation. Such stars tend to occur toward the short period end of the Petersen diagram, and NSVS 5222976 is no exception to this rule.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures, To be published in the March, 2006, issue of PAS

Р-стереогенні діамандоїдні фосфіни

Despite diamondoid phosphines have found many synthetic applications and are even available commercially the chemistry of chiral diamondoid phosphines remains largely unexplored.Aim. To develop the convenient preparative method for the preparation of sterically-congested P-stereogenic secondary diamodoidyl phosphines as potential organocatalysts and ligands in the asymmetric synthesis.Results and discussion. A convenient method for the synthesis of P-stereogenic diamondoid phosphines with high yields through the phosphorylation of hydroxydiamondoids in trifluoroacetic acid followed by the reduction of the corresponding asymmetric chlorophosphonates has been proposed. The secondary phosphines obtained form stable complexes with borane that can be used to separate diamondoid phosphines into enantiomers.Experimental part. The experimental procedures for the preparation of 1- and 4-diamantyl-1-adamantyl- and phenylphosphines were developed; the structures of new compounds were confirmed by NMR and HRMS spectral data.Conclusions. A number of P-stereogenic mixed diamondoidylaryl phosphines and the secondary phosphines containing exclusively diamondoid substituents has been prepared. A degree of steric bulkiness is determined by the combination of diamondoid substituents around a phosphorus atom where 1-diamantyl derivatives are the most sterically-congested. The compounds obtained are potential ligands in asymmetric catalysis.Received: 31.03.2020Revised: 24.06.2020Accepted: 27.08.2020Незважаючи на те, що діамандоїдні фосфіни широко використовуються в органічному синтезі і навіть доступні комерційно, хімія хіральних діамандоїдних фосфінів залишається не дослідженою.Мета. Розробити зручний препаративний метод синтезу стереоускладнених Р-стереогенних вторинних діамандоїдних фосфінів, які можуть бути використані як ліганди в асиметричному синтезі, а також як органокаталізатори.Результати та їх обговорення. Запропоновано зручний метод синтезу P-стереогенних діамандоїдних фосфінів шляхом фосфорилювання гідроксипохідних діамандоїдів у трифтороцтовій кислоті з подальшим відновленням відповідних асиметричних хлорофосфонатів з високими виходами. Одержані таким чином фосфіни утворюють стійкі комплекси з бораном, які розглядаються як проміжні сполуки для подальшого розділення енантіомерів.Експериментальна частина. Був розроблений препаративний метод синтезу 1- і 4-діамантил-, 1-адамантил- і фенілфосфінів, структури яких підтверджено мас-спектрометричними і ЯМР-спектральними даними.Висновки. Одержано ряд Р-стереогенних змішаних діамандоїларилфосфінів та вторинних фосфінів, які містять виключно діамандоїдні замісники. Ступінь стеричного навантаження сполук визначається комбінацією діамандоїдних замісників навколо атома фосфору, де похідні 1-діамантилу найбільш стерично ускладнені. Одержані сполуки є потенційними лігандами в асиметричному каталізі.Received: 31.03.2020 Revised: 24.06.2020 Accepted: 27.08.202

Temperature Evolution of Sodium Nitrite Structure in a Restricted Geometry

The NaNO$_{2}$ nanocomposite ferroelectric material in porous glass was studied by neutron diffraction. For the first time the details of the crystal structure including positions and anisotropic thermal parameters were determined for the solid material, embedded in a porous matrix, in ferro- and paraelectric phases. It is demonstrated that in the ferroelectric phase the structure is consistent with bulk data but above transition temperature the giant growth of amplitudes of thermal vibrations is observed, resulting in the formation of a "premelted state". Such a conclusion is in a good agreement with the results of dielectric measurements published earlier.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

An investigation of the close environment of beta Cep with the VEGA/CHARA interferometer

High-precision interferometric measurements of pulsating stars help to characterize their close environment. In 1974, a close companion was discovered around the pulsating star beta Cep using the speckle interferometry technique and features at the limit of resolution (20 milli-arcsecond or mas) of the instrument were mentioned that may be due to circumstellar material. Beta Cep has a magnetic field that might be responsible for a spherical shell or ring-like structure around the star as described by the MHD models. Using the visible recombiner VEGA installed on the CHARA long-baseline interferometer at Mt. Wilson, we aim to determine the angular diameter of beta Cep and resolve its close environment with a spatial resolution up to 1 mas level. Medium spectral resolution (R=6000) observations of beta Cep were secured with the VEGA instrument over the years 2008 and 2009. These observations were performed with the S1S2 (30m) and W1W2 (100m) baselines of the array. We investigated several models to reproduce our observations. A large-scale structure of a few mas is clearly detected around the star with a typical flux relative contribution of 0.23 +- 0.02. Our best model is a co-rotational geometrical thin ring around the star as predicted by magnetically-confined wind shock models. The ring inner diameter is 8.2 +- 0.8 mas and the width is 0.6 +- 0.7 mas. The orientation of the rotation axis on the plane of the sky is PA = 60 +- 1 deg, while the best fit of the mean angular diameter of beta Cep gives UD[V] = 0.22 +- 0.05 mas. Our data are compatible with the predicted position of the close companion of beta Cep. These results bring additional constraints on the fundamental parameters and on the future MHD and asteroseismological models of the star.Comment: Paper accepted for publication in A&A (in press

Interferometry of Direct Photons in Central 280Pb+208Pb Collisions at 158A GeV

Two-particle correlations of direct photons were measured in central 208Pb+208Pb collisions at 158 AGeV. The invariant interferometric radii were extracted for 100<K_T<300 MeV/c and compared to radii extracted from charged pion correlations. The yield of soft direct photons, K_T<300 MeV/c, was extracted from the correlation strength and compared to theoretical calculations.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure