199 research outputs found

    Guest Editorial

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    Automatic Voltage Control (AVC) System under Uncertainty from Wind Power

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    Strategies to increase grid flexibility for an isolated system with over 80% renewable electricity in 2030

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    As renewable electricity targets rise around the world, relatively isolated systems reliant on variable renewables, such as wind and solar power, are rapidly facing unresolved issues regarding system security, flexibility costs and remuneration structures for market participants. Although system service payments exist in some electricity markets, there is often insufficient incentive to invest in greater flexibility, either in the demand or supply side. Here, the economic benefits of various flexibility options are considered, leading towards a discussion of market incentives and strategies for reform. In addition to a range of traditional sources of flexibility from conventional generation, interconnection, and short duration batteries, the importance of system stability is emphasised, including synchronous condensers to supplement inertia, as well as medium-duration storage, and a more active balancing role for heat, transport and industrial loads. Each strategy alleviates the use of fossil fuel based gas plants during periods of system stress and enables the absorption of excess renewables. With over 80% of annual energy to be provided mostly by wind and solar power by 2030, Ireland provides a pertinent case for analysis.Irish Department of Environment, Climate and Communication (DECC)2023-08-11 JG: PDF replaced with correct version at author's reques

    Predicting wastewater treatment plant performance during aeration demand shifting with a dual-layer reaction settling model

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    Demand response (DR) programmes encourage energy end users to adjust their consumption according to energy availability and price. Municipal wastewater treatment plants are suitable candidates for the application of such programmes. Demand shedding through aeration control, subject to maintaining the plant operational limits, could have a large impact on the plant DR potential. Decreasing the aeration intensity may promote the settling of the particulate components present in the reactor mixed liquor. The scope of this study is thus to develop a mathematical model to describe this phenomenon. For this purpose, Benchmark Simulation Model No.1 was extended by implementing a dual-layer settling model in one of the aerated tanks and combining it with biochemical reaction kinetic equations. The performance of this extended model was assessed in both steady-state and dynamic conditions, switching the aeration system off for 1 hour during each day of simulation. This model will have applications in the identification of potential benefits and issues related to DR events, as well as in the simulation of the plant operation where aerated tank settling is implemented.Science Foundation IrelandESIPP UC
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