Erosion of Reflectors and Sandstorm Simulation

Erläuterung von Feldmessungen mit Bezug auf Erosionseffekte auf optischen Materialien für die Solarindustrie. Simulation dieser Effekte im Labormaßsta

Characterization Tools and Accelerated Aging

Erläuterung der essentiellen optischen Parameter für den konzentrierenden Solarenergiebereich und zeitliche Veränderung dieser Parameter bei typischen Anwendungen

Identification of Soiling Properties for Different Minerals on Solar Mirrors via Artificial Soiling Setup

In order to assess the performance of solar reflectors or photovoltaic modules over their lifetime, standardized accelerated aging tests are often being applied. They are especially tailored to meet the environmental conditions where the components are going to be exposed during their service life. Already a number of standards are developed which deal with e.g. temperature and air humidity cycles, application of various chemical agents and radiation stresses. However, those accelerated durability tests do not involve the effect of soiling. Because solar industry is progressively targeting arid areas for their projects where an augmented aerosol concentration is present, efficiency losses due to soiling are gaining more an more importance in current research. The reliable and accurate laboratory simulation of this phenomenon is one of the first steps for improving O&M processes and also achieve technological progress in the development of novel components or coating systems [1]. In this work a possible artificial soiling (AS) setup to conduct such experiments is presented, its applicability is verified by the comparison to an outdoor soiling exposure. Furthermore, the setup is used to gain an understanding of the soiling properties of different minerals

PET-MR imaging using a tri-modality PET/CT-MR system with a dedicated shuttle in clinical routine

Tri-modality PET/CT-MRI includes the transfer of the patient on a dedicated shuttle from one system into the other. Advantages of this system include a true CT-based attenuation correction, reliable PET-quantification and higher flexibility in patient throughput on both systems. Comparative studies of PET/MRI versus PET/CT are readily accomplished without repeated PET with a different PET scanner at a different time point. Additionally, there is a higher imaging flexibility based on the availability of three imaging modalities, which can be combined for the characterization of the disease. The downside is a somewhat higher radiation dose of up to 3mSv with a low dose CT based on the CT-component, longer acquisition times and potential misalignment between the imaging components. Overall, the tri-modality PET/CT-MR system offers comparative studies using the three different imaging modalities in the same patient virtually at the same time, and may help to develop reliable attenuation algorithms at the same tim

Identification of Soiling Properties for Different Minerals on Solar Mirrors via Artificial Soiling Setup

In order to assess the performance of solar reflectors or photovoltaic modules over their lifetime, standardized accelerated aging tests are often being applied. They are especially tailored to meet the environmental conditions where the components are going to be exposed during their service life. Already a number of standards are developed which deal with e.g. temperature and air humidity cycles, application of various chemical agents and radiation stresses. However, those accelerated durability tests do not involve the effect of soiling. Because solar industry is progressively targeting arid areas for their projects where an augmented aerosol concentration is present, efficiency losses due to soiling are gaining more an more importance in current research. The reliable and accurate laboratory simulation of this phenomenon is one of the first steps for improving O&M processes and also achieve technological progress in the development of novel components or coating systems [1]. In this work a possible artificial soiling (AS) setup to conduct such experiments is presented, its applicability is verified by the comparison to an outdoor soiling exposure. Furthermore, the setup is used to gain an understanding of the soiling properties of different minerals

Erprobung einer GIS gestützten Methode zur Erosionsschutz- Beratung in Biobetrieben

Durch die veränderten klimatischen Bedingungen hat sich in Deutschland die mittlere Regenerosivität in den letzten 40 Jahren deutlich erhöht (Fischer et al. 2019). Dies macht eine Anpassung des Ackerbaus, auch in ökologisch wirtschaftenden Betrieben, erforderlich. In einem zweijährigen Pilotprojekt wurde daher ein innovativer Ansatz zur Erosionsschutz-Beratung erprobt. Er wurde auf fünf Bio-Betrieben in erosionsgefährdeten Ackerbau-Gebieten Bayerns von Beratern der Öko-Erzeugerringe getestet. Eine wichtige Grundlage war dabei die Errechnung des flächengenauen Erosionspotentials mit Hilfe der Allgemeinen-Bodenabtrags-Gleichung (ABAG; Schwertmann et al. 1990), welches sich über ein geographisches Informationssystem (GIS) als Karte visualisieren lässt. In den Beratungen wurde mit Hilfe der vorbereiteten Karten das Erosionsrisiko der Ackerflächen des Betriebs besprochen und für jede gefährdete Fläche geeignete Maßnahmen zum Erosionsschutz entworfen. Die Ergebnisse der Testberatungen wurden in zwei Expertenrunden aus Landwirten, Beratern und Forschern erörtert und Vorschläge zur Optimierung sowie zur Weiterentwicklung zu einem in der Breite anwendbaren Beratungswerkzeug entworfen

Sandstorm erosion testing of anti-reflective glass coatings for solar energy applications

Components for concentrating solar power applications can suffer from optical performance loss due to their permanent exposure to the environment. There is still lack of experience regarding the destructive effects of sand- and duststorms on glass envelope materials for receiver tubes of parabolic-trough collectors for concentrating solar power (CSP) plants. So far no accelerated aging guideline is formulated yet to account for the performance loss of optical components due to particle erosion to a realistic extent. Within this study 4 different anti-reflective (AR) coatings deposited on borosilicate glass are subjected to an artificial sandstorm test and their resistance towards erosion is evaluated. An uncoated borosilicate glass is also tested as reference. Noticeable differences were obtained depending on the type of coating. Microscope analysis and light transmission measurements in the spectrophotometer were undertaken and it could be concluded that the selection of an AR coating should not only be based on the initial optical performance but also in accordance with meteorological data, especially when erosive sandstorms are expected for the chosen site of the CSP plant

The inflammation in the cytopathology of patients with mucopolysaccharidoses : immunomodulatory drugs as an approach to therapy

Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a group of lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs), characterized by the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). GAG storageinduced inflammatory processes are a driver of cytopathology in MPS and pharmacological immunomodulation can bring improvements in brain, cartilage and bone pathology in rodent models. This manuscript reviews current knowledge with regard to inflammation in MPS patients and provides hypotheses for the therapeutic use of immunomodulators in MPS. Thus, we aim to set the foundation for a rational repurposing of the discussed molecules to minimize the clinical unmet needs still remaining despite enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT)