Revision of hip resurfacing arthroplasty with a bone-conserving short-stem implant: a case report and review of the literature

Introduction Suitable treatment of early failure of total hip replacement is critical in younger patients, as bone stock is lost and the functional outcome is impaired. Case presentation We report the case of a 56-year-old Caucasian woman with early failure of hip resurfacing arthroplasty. While revision is usually performed with a conventional hip implant, this case report describes for the first time a revision procedure with a bone-conserving short-stem hip implant. Conclusions Our approach allows further conservation of femoral bone stock and provides a long-term solution to the patient, which maintains the possibility of using a conventional hip implant should a second revision become necessary

TGF-β inhibitor Smad7 regulates dendritic cell-induced autoimmunity

TGF-β is an anti-inflammatory cytokine whose signaling is negatively controlled by Smad7. Previously, we established a role for Smad7 in the generation of autoreactive T cells; however, the function of Smad7 in dendritic cells (DCs) remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that DC-specific Smad7 deficiency resulted in elevated expression of the transcription factors Batf3 and IRF8, leading to increased frequencies of CD8(+)CD103(+) DCs in the spleen. Furthermore, Smad7-deficient DCs expressed higher levels of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), an enzyme associated with tolerance induction. Mice devoid of Smad7 specifically in DCs are resistant to the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) as a result of an increase of protective regulatory T cells (Tregs) and reduction of encephalitogenic effector T cells in the central nervous system. In agreement, inhibition of IDO activity or depletion of Tregs restored disease susceptibility. Intriguingly, when Smad7-deficient DCs also lacked the IFN-γ receptor, the mice regained susceptibility to EAE, demonstrating that IFN-γ signaling in DCs mediates their tolerogenic function. Our data indicate that Smad7 expression governs splenic DC subset differentiation and is critical for the promotion of their efficient function in immunity

Contribution of Genetic Background, Traditional Risk Factors, and HIV-Related Factors to Coronary Artery Disease Events in HIV-Positive Persons

We show in human immunodeficiency virus-positive persons that the coronary artery disease effect of an unfavorable genetic background is comparable to previous studies in the general population, and comparable in size to traditional risk factors and antiretroviral regimens known to increase cardiovascular ris

The role of EBI2 for encephalitogenic TH17 cells in EAE and in MS

Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 2 (EBI2), also termed GPR183, and its ligand 7α,25-dihydroxycholesterol (7α,25-OHC) direct leukocyte migration and localization in secondary lymphoid organs. Using a novel reporter-knockin/knockout (KO) mouse model, we found that IL-23 and IL-1β induced expression of EBI2 in TH17 cells and that its expression by myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-specific TH17 cells promotes CNS inflammation in a transfer model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). In addition, we found that the enzymes CH25H and CYB7B1, synthesizing 7α,25-OHC from cholesterol, dramatically change expression in spleen and in spinal cord in the course of EAE, being reduced in the spleen and elevated in the CNS upon immunization. Our findings indicate that the distribution of 7 α,25-OHC changes from the periphery to CNS during EAE which fosters transmigration of encephalitogenic TH17 cells into the inflamed CNS via EBI2.Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 2 (EBI2), auch bekannt als GPR183 sowie dessen Ligand 7α,25-OHC spilen eine wichtige Rolle bei der Migration von Leukozyten und deren Positionierung in den sekundären lymphatischen Organen. Wir verwendeten ein neues Reporter-knockin / knockout (KO) Mausmodell und konnten zeigen, dass IL-1β und IL-23 die Expression von EBI2 in TH17 Zellen induzieren. Des Weiteren war die Expression von EBI2 in Myelin Oligodendrozyten Glykoprotein (MOG)-spezifischen TH17 Zellen involviert in der Induktion von ZNS Entzündung in einem Transfermodell der Experimentellen Autoimmmun Enzephalomyelitis (EAE). Zudem konnten wir zeigen, dass die Expression der Enzyme CH25H und CYP7B1, welche 7α,25-OHC ausgehend von Chlesterol synthetisieren, sich stark ändert in der Milz und dem ZNS nach Induktion von EAE. Die Expression war reduziert in der Milz, jedoch stark erhöht im ZNS nach Immunisierung. Unsere Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass sich die Verteilung von 7α,25-OHC während EAE von der Peripherie zum ZNS verlagert und dadurch die Migration von pathogenen TH17 Zellen in das entzündete ZNS unterstützt

Die Impfaktion gegen Poliomyelitis in der DDR im Jahr 1960 am Beispiel der Stadt Halle (Saale): Historische Erfahrungen und Probleme

In den 1950er-Jahren stellte das epidemische Auftreten der spinalen Kinderlähmung (Poliomyelitis) die Gesundheitssysteme weltweit vor große Herausforderungen. Da eine kausale Therapie der Viruserkrankung nicht existierte, kam der Expositionsprophylaxe eine besondere Bedeutung zu. Letztlich gelang es erst durch die Entwicklung von Impfstoffen, die spinale Kinderlähmung nachhaltig zurückzudrängen. In der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik (DDR) wurde 1960 erstmals in Deutschland die Schluckimpfung nach Sabin-Tschumakow verabreicht, mit der binnen eines Jahres die nahezu vollständige Eradikation der spinalen Kinderlähmung in der DDR gelang. Der Artikel zeichnet anhand von unveröffentlichtem Archivmaterial die systematisch angelegte Impfaktion am Beispiel der damaligen Bezirkshauptstadt Halle (Saale) nach. Allein dort wurden im Mai 1960 innerhalb von 3 Tagen 63.328 Kinder und Jugendliche immunisiert. Bei 78.085 im Vorfeld erfassten Impflingen entsprach dies einer Quote innerhalb der poliovulnerablen Bevölkerungsgruppe von rund 81 %. Die Quellen zeigen, dass die staatliche Struktur des Gesundheitswesens der DDR und das Prinzip der aufsuchenden Impfung zum Erfolg der Impfaktion beitrugen.In the 1950s, the epidemic occurrence of infantile paralysis (poliomyelitis) posed major challenges to health systems worldwide. Since there was no causal therapy for the viral disease, exposure prophylaxis was of particular importance. Ultimately, it was only through the development of vaccines that infantile paralysis could be permanently reduced. In 1960, the Sabin–Tschumakow oral vaccine was administered in the former German Democratic Republic GDR for the first time in Germany. Within one year, this vaccine succeeded in almost completely eradicating polio in the GDR. The article uses unpublished archival material to trace the systematic vaccination campaign using the example of the then district capital Halle (Saale). There alone, 63,328 children and adolescents were immunized within three days in May 1960. With 78,085 vaccinees recorded in advance, this corresponded to a rate within the polio-vulnerable population group of around 81%. The sources show that the GDR’s government healthcare system and the principle of outreach vaccination contributed to the success of the vaccination campaign

Quasi‐freestanding graphene on SiC(0001) by Ar‐mediated intercalation of antimony: a route toward intercalation of high‐vapor‐pressure elements

A novel strategy for the intercalation of antimony (Sb) under the (6√3×6√3)\u1d44530° reconstruction, also known as buffer layer, on SiC(0001) is reported. Using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, low‐energy electron diffraction, and angle‐resolved photoelectron spectroscopy, it is demonstrated that, while the intercalation of the volatile Sb is not possible by annealing the Sb‐coated buffer layer in ultrahigh vacuum, it can be achieved by annealing the sample in an atmosphere of Ar, which suppresses Sb desorption. The intercalation leads to a decoupling of the buffer layer from the SiC(0001) surface and the formation of quasi‐freestanding graphene. The intercalation process paves the way for future studies of the formation of quasi‐freestanding graphene by intercalation of high‐vapor‐pressure elements, which are not accessible by previously known intercalation techniques, and thus provides new avenues for the manipulation of epitaxial graphene on SiC

Revision of hip resurfacing arthroplasty with a bone-conserving short-stem implant: a case report and review of the literature

Abstract Introduction Suitable treatment of early failure of total hip replacement is critical in younger patients, as bone stock is lost and the functional outcome is impaired. Case presentation We report the case of a 56-year-old Caucasian woman with early failure of hip resurfacing arthroplasty. While revision is usually performed with a conventional hip implant, this case report describes for the first time a revision procedure with a bone-conserving short-stem hip implant. Conclusions Our approach allows further conservation of femoral bone stock and provides a long-term solution to the patient, which maintains the possibility of using a conventional hip implant should a second revision become necessary.</p

Prerequisites, performance and profits of transcriptional profiling the abiotic stress response

Kilian J, Peschke F, Berendzen KW, Harter K, Wanke D. Prerequisites, performance and profits of transcriptional profiling the abiotic stress response. Biochimica et biophysica acta. 2012;1819(2):166-175.During the last decade, microarrays became a routine tool for the analysis of transcripts in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and the crop plant species rice, poplar or barley. The overwhelming amount of data generated by gene expression studies is a valuable resource for every scientist. Here, we summarize the most important findings about the abiotic stress responses in plants. Interestingly, conserved patterns of gene expression responses have been found that are common between different abiotic stresses or that are conserved between different plant species. However, the individual histories of each plant affect the inter-comparability between experiments already before the onset of the actual stress treatment. This review outlines multiple aspects of microarray technology and highlights some of the benefits, limitations and also pitfalls of the technique. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Plant gene regulation in response to abiotic stress

Implications of DNA-nanostructures by Hoogsteen-dinucleotides on transcription factor binding

Dierk W, Brand L, Fischer N, Peschke F, Kilian J, Berendzen K. Implications of DNA-nanostructures by Hoogsteen-dinucleotides on transcription factor binding. In: Quantum Bio-Informatics V: From Quantum Information to Bio-Informatics. Vol 30. World Scientific; 2013: 351-362

Progressive muscle proteome changes in a clinically relevant pig model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by genetic deficiency of dystrophin and characterized by massive structural and functional changes of skeletal muscle tissue, leading to terminal muscle failure. We recently generated a novel genetically engineered pig model reflecting pathological hallmarks of human DMD better than the widely used mdx mouse. To get insight into the hierarchy of molecular derangements during DMD progression, we performed a proteome analysis of biceps femoris muscle samples from 2-day-old and 3-month-old DMD and wild-type (WT) pigs. The extent of proteome changes in DMD vs. WT muscle increased markedly with age, reflecting progression of the pathological changes. In 3-month-old DMD muscle, proteins related to muscle repair such as vimentin, nestin, desmin and tenascin C were found to be increased, whereas a large number of respiratory chain proteins were decreased in abundance in DMD muscle, indicating serious disturbances in aerobic energy production and a reduction of functional muscle tissue. The combination of proteome data for fiber type specific myosin heavy chain proteins and immunohistochemistry showed preferential degeneration of fast-twitch fiber types in DMD muscle. The stage-specific proteome changes detected in this large animal model of clinically severe muscular dystrophy provide novel molecular readouts for future treatment trials