Metastable states influence on the magnetic behavior of the triangular lattice: Application to the spin-chain compound Ca3Co2O6

It is known that the spin-chain compound Ca3Co2O6 exhibits very interesting plateaus in the magnetization as a function of the magnetic field at low temperatures. The origin of them is still controversial. In this paper we study the thermal behavior of this compound with a single-flip Monte Carlo simulation on a triangular lattice and demonstrate the decisive influence of metastable states in the splitting of the ferrimagnetic 1/3 plateau below 10 K. We consider the [Co2O6]n chains as giant magnetic moments described by large Ising spins on planar clusters with open boundary conditions. With this simple frozen-moment model we obtain stepped magnetization curves which agree quite well with the experimental results for different sweeping rates. We describe particularly the out-of-equilibrium states that split the low-temperature 1/3 plateau into three steps. They relax thermally to the 1/3 plateau, which has long-range order at the equilibrium. Such states are further analyzed with snapshots unveiling a domain-wall structure that is responsible for the observed behavior of the 1/3 plateau. A comparison is also given of the exact results in small triangular clusters with our Monte Carlo results, providing further support for our thermal description of this compound.Comment: 8 pages, 11 figures, submitted to PR

The use of XFEM to assess the influence of intra-cortical porosity on crack propagation

This study aimed at using eXtended finite element method (XFEM) to characterize crack growth through bone's intra-cortical pores. Two techniques were compared using Abaqus: (1) void material properties were assigned to pores; (2) multiple enrichment regions with independent crack-growth possibilities were employed. Both were applied to 2D models of transverse images of mouse bone with differing porous structures. Results revealed that assigning multiple enrichment regions allows for multiple cracks to be initiated progressively, which cannot be captured when the voids are filled. Therefore, filling pores with one enrichment region in the model will not create realistic fracture patterns in Abaqus-XFEM

Estrategias pedag?gicas para transformar el entorno escolar de la instituci?n educativa el Quebrad?n del municipio de Rioblanco desde el trabajo social con estudiantes del grado once

93 P?ginasRecurso Electr?nicoEl proyecto estrategias pedag?gicas para transformar el entorno escolar de la instituci?n educativa el Quebrad?n del municipio de Rioblanco desde el trabajo social con estudiantes del grado once, es una propuesta continua para su implementaci?n que pretende reunir esfuerzos en la comunidad educativa para afrontar la problem?tica ambiental que se encontr? despu?s de haber realizado el respectivo diagn?stico. Los estudiantes, mediante el trabajo social, fortalecer?n los lazos de amistad, compromiso, responsabilidad, la intenci?n principal de este proyecto es fortalecer una conciencia de conservaci?n y cuidado del medio ambiente como tambi?n mejorar el sentido de pertenencia por su entorno para lo cual se crearon unas estrategias acordes a la problem?tica que vive esta comunidad. Con estas estrategias se pretende interactuar con ambientes de aprendizajes que fortalecen el proceso de formaci?n ambiental. Una de las estrategias importantes para tener en cuenta es la sensibilizaci?n de la comunidad educativa en la cual se pretende dar una visi?n general de las condiciones actuales de nuestro planeta los peligros que se avecinan por el desequilibrio natural ocasionado por el hombre. La propuesta metodol?gica que se utiliz? est? fundamentada en elementos te?ricos que le dan solidez a la fundamentaci?n de conceptos orientados hacia la b?squeda creativa de actividades. La comunidad debe reconocer las acciones que est?n perjudicando y contaminando su entorno y al mismo tiempo identificar que mediante los procesos desarrollados en la instituci?n se puede corregir estas fallas. Con el desarrollo del proyecto se beneficiar?n directamente los estudiantes de la Instituci?n, ya que desde temprana edad ir?n teniendo sentido de conservaci?n de las especies de la regi?n y sobre todo por el medio ambiente. Los estudiantes del grado once se integrar?n con los dem?s estudiantes, por medio de charlas sobre el proyecto y los beneficios que trae, para toda la comunidad estudiantil. La aplicaci?n de las propuestas metodol?gicas del proyecto tendr? como resultado un cambio en el ambiente cultural de la comunidad especialmente en la conservaci?n y el cuidado de los recursos con que cuentan como tambi?n el embellecimiento de la Instituci?n que es el centro cultural y el patrimonio de la comunidad Palabras claves: medio ambiente, Ambientes de aprendizaje, estrategias metodol?gicas, comunidad educativa.ABSTRACT. The project teaching strategies to transform the school environment of the school the Township Quebrad?n Rioblanco from social work with juniors is an ongoing proposal for implementation that aims to bring together the educational community efforts to address environmental problems that found after making a diagnosis. Students, through social work, strengthen the bonds of friendship, commitment, responsibility, the intention of this project is to strengthen conservation awareness and environmental stewardship as well as improve the sense of belonging by their environment to which were created strategies in line with the problems that the community lives. These strategies are intended to interact with learning environments that strengthen the environmental education process. One of the important strategies to consider is the awareness of the educational community in which it is intended to give an overview of current conditions of our planet the dangers that lie ahead for the natural imbalance caused by man. The proposed methodology that was used is based on theoretical elements that give strength to the foundation of concepts designed to achieve the creative methodological strategies. The community must recognize the actions that are damaging and polluting their environment and also identify that through the processes developed in the institution can correct these failures With the development of the project will directly benefit the students of the institution, since an early age will make sense of conservation of the species in the region and especially the environment. The juniors will be integrated with other students, through lectures on the project and the benefits it brings, for the entire student community. The application of the methodology of the project will result in a change in the cultural environment of the community especially in the conservation and care of the resources they have as well as the beautification of the institution that is the cultural and heritage of the community?El programa de Licenciaturas de la Universidad del Tolima, el director del trabajo de grado y el jurado calificador no son responsables de las ideas expuestas por el autor en el presente trabajo.? Art?culo 17, Resoluci?n 015 de Diciembre 18 de 1978, Reglamento de Trabajos de Grado.Los autores AURA ROSA CARVAJAL RESTREPO, Identificada con C.C. No. 65.704.149 de Espinal, Tolima, LIBIA FLOREZ GONZALEZ, Identificada con C.C.No. 28.723.454 de Falan, Tolima, NANCY YAMILE FLOREZ GONZALEZ, Identificada con C.C.No. 28.723.986 de Falan, Tolima, ADONAI RINCON OVIEDO Identificada con C.C. No.28.687.953 Chaparral, Tolima, autorizan a la Universidad del Tolima la reproducci?n total o parcial de este documento, con la debida cita de reconocimiento de la autor?a y cede a la misma universidad de los derechos patrimoniales con fines de investigaci?n, docencia e institucionales, consagrados en el art?culo 72 de la Ley 23 de 1982 y las normas que lo constituyan o modifiquen.INTRODUCCI?N 14 1. PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA 15 1.1. DESCRIPCI?N Y FORMULACI?N DEL PROBLEMA 15 2. HIPOTESIS 16 3. JUSTIFICACI?N 17 4. ALCANCES Y LIMITACI?NES 19 5. DISE?O METODOL?GICO 21 5.1. FASES DEL PROCESO METODOL?GICO 21 5.1.1. Fase preparatoria 21 5.1.2. Fase de Recolecci?n Documental 22 5.1.3. Fase de selecci?n 22 5.1.4. Fase de documentaci?n 23 5.1.5. Fase de anal?tica 23 5.1.6. Fase de elaboraci?n del informe final 23 5.2. MARCO TE?RICO Y ANTECEDENTES 24 5.2.1. Antecedentes 24 5.3. REFERENTES TE?RICO 26 5.4. REFERENTE LEGAL 27 6. OBJETIVOS 30 6.1. OBJETIVO GENERAL 30 6.2. OBJETIVOS ESPEC?FICOS 30 7. AN?LISIS DE RESULTADOS 31 7.1. CAPITULO UNO 31 7.2. EMBELLECIENDO EL ENTORNO PROTEGEMOS EL AMBIENTE 31 8. CAPITULO DOS 41 8.1. PROPUESTA PROYECTO DE EMBELLECIMIENTO 41 8.2. JUSTIFICACION 41 8.3. OBJETIVOS 42 8.3.1. Objetivos generales 42 8.3.2. Objetivos espec?ficos 42 8.4. MARCO LEGAL 42 8.5. METODOLOGIA 44 8.6. CONCLUSIONES DE LAS ESTRATEGIAS IMPLEMENTADAS 47 8.7. RECURSOS 48 9. CONCLUSIONES 49 10. RECOMENDACIONES 50 11. LISTA DE REFERENCIAS 51 12. ANEXOS 5

Predictors of diabetes risk in urban and rural areas in Colombia

Background: Nutritional habits low in fruits and vegetables and sedentary lifestyle are associated with a higher risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). However, it is important to assess differences between urban and rural areas. This study aimed to analyze the associations between the risk of developing T2D and setting in the Colombian north coast in 2017. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 1,005 subjects. Data was collected by interviewing self-identified members of an urban community and a rural-indigenous population. The interaction terms were evaluated as well as the confounders. Then, adjusted binary logistic regressions were used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI). Results: subjects with a high risk of T2D are more likely to belong to the urban setting (OR = 1.908; 95%CI = 1.201-2.01) compared with those with lower T2D after adjusting for age, Body Mass Index (BMI), physical activity, history of high levels of glycemia, and diabetes in relatives. Conclusions: Urban communities are more likely to have T2D compared with rural-indigenous populations. These populations have differences from the cultural context, including personal, and lifestyle factors.Peer reviewe

The role of MIF in chronic lung diseases:Looking beyond inflammation

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pleiotropic cytokine that has been associated with many diseases. Most studies found in literature describe MIF as a proinflammatory cytokine involved in chronic inflammatory conditions, but evidence from last years suggests that many of its key effects are not directly related to inflammation. In fact, MIF is constitutively expressed in most human tissues and in some cases in high levels, which does not reflect the pattern of expression of a classic proinflammatory cytokine. Moreover, MIF is highly expressed during embryonic development and decreases during adulthood, which point toward a more likely role as growth factor. Accordingly, MIF knockout mice develop age-related spontaneous emphysema, suggesting that MIF presence (e.g., in younger individuals and wild-type animals) is part of a healthy lung. In view of this new line of evidence, we aimed to review data on the role of MIF in the pathogenesis of chronic lung diseases

Linking Recent Discrimination-Related Experiences and Wellbeing via Social Cohesion and Resilience

The current study examined the relationship between recent experiences of discrimination and wellbeing and the mediating effects that social cohesion and resilience had on this relationship. Using online sampling, participants (N =255) from a South London community rated the levels of discrimination related experiences in the past 6 months, alongside measures of social cohesion, resilience, and wellbeing (happiness and depressive symptoms). Results revealed a negative relationship between recent experiences of discrimination and wellbeing which was explained by a serial mediation relationship between social cohesion and resilience, and singly by resilience alone. The study highlights how recent experiences of discrimination can lead to a depletion of personal resources and social resources (which in turn also lead to reduced personal resources) and in turn, to lower levels of wellbeing

Analytical model for the prediction of permeability of triply periodic minimal surfaces

Triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS) are mathematically defined cellular structures whose geometry can be quickly adapted to target desired mechanical response (structural and fluid). This has made them desirable for a wide range of bioengineering applications; especially as bioinspired materials for bone replacement. The main objective of this study was to develop a novel analytical framework which would enable calculating permeability of TPMS structures based on the desired architecture, pore size and porosity. To achieve this, computer-aided designs of three TPMS structures (Fisher-Koch S, Gyroid and Schwarz P) were generated with varying cell size and porosity levels. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was used to calculate permeability for all models under laminar flow conditions. Permeability values were then used to fit an analytical model dependent on geometry parameters only. Results showed that permeability of the three architectures increased with porosity at different rates, highlighting the importance of pore distribution and architecture. The computed values of permeability fitted well with the suggested analytical model (R2>0.99, p<0.001). In conclusion, the novel analytical framework presented in the current study enables predicting permeability values of TPMS structures based on geometrical parameters within a difference <5%. This model, which could be combined with existing structural analytical models, could open new possibilities for the smart optimisation of TPMS structures for biomedical applications where structural and fluid flow properties need to be optimised

Determinants of credit risk: a multiple linear regression analysis of Peruvian municipal savings banks

In order to identify the determinants that influence the credit risk of Peruvian municipal savings banks, this quantitative research uses a nonexperimental design and a longitudinal sample to analyze monthly data corresponding to macroeconomic variables and microfinance institutions? internal variables from 2011 to 2020. Using multiple linear regression, the results show that the interest rate, unemployment rate, and liquidity ratio positively influence the credit risk of Peruvian municipal savings banks; the study also shows that gross domestic product, efficiency of administrative expenses, solvency, and coverage of provisions exert a negative influence on credit risk. It is concluded that seven of the eight independent variables studied influence the credit risk of Peruvian municipal savings banks; only the inflation variable does not significantly influence credit risk