Control interno y procesos de adquisiciones y contrataciones en la Municipalidad Provincial de Tambopata, Madre de Dios - 2017.

La tesis “Control Interno y Procesos de adquisición y contratación de la Municipalidad Provincial de Tambopata, Madre de Dios - 2017. Está constituida de 07 apartados: Introducción, Método, Resultados, Discusión, Conclusiones, Recomendaciones y Bibliografía. Siendo el objetivo ha sido determinar si hay relación entre el control interno con los procesos de adquisición y contratación. Esta Muestra estuvo constituido por 50 trabajadores. El tipo y diseño de la tesis es descriptivo correlacional de corte transversal y en cuya investigación utilizamos los subsiguientes métodos: fichaje, investigación y encuestas, así mismo utilizamos los siguientes instrumentos como son: fichas bibliográficas y cuestionario. El cuestionario realizado al personal constó de dos segmentos: la primera parte, el control interno de 17 ítems aplicado al personal en dicho momento, con la escala de Likert, cuyo contenido consistió en cinco alternativas para contestar: 1) Casi siempre; 2) Siempre, 3) Medianamente; 4) Casi nunca; 5) Nunca. La segunda parte, los procesos de adquisición y contratación de 14 ítems con igual escala. Confirmándose que el coeficiente de correspondencia de las variables: Control Interno y Procesos de Adquisición y Contratación del Municipio de la Provincia de Tambopata, Madre de Dios es 0,773 para el coeficiente R de Pearson, con valor de alfa= 0,052 para control interno y 0,083 para procesos de adquisición y contratación para el estado, señalando que el 76% de los encuestados es de nivel REGULAR el control interno y las actividades de adquisición y contratación que hay en el estado siendo el nivel REGULAR, el R²=0,597, señalando que los procesos de adquisición va depender de un 59,7% de los niveles en que se encuentra el control interno en la Municipalidad Provincial de Tambopata, Madre de Dios – 2017.The thesis "Internal Control and Procurement and Procurement Processes of the Provincial Municipality of Tambopata, Madre de Dios - 2017. It consists of 07 sections: Introduction, Method, Results, Discussion, Conclusions, Recommendations and Bibliography. The objective has been to determine if there is a relationship between internal control and acquisition and contracting processes. This sample consisted of 50 workers. The type and design of the thesis is descriptive correlational cross-section and in which research we use the following methods: signing, research and surveys, and we use the following instruments as: bibliographic records and questionnaire. The staff questionnaire consisted of two segments: the first part, the internal control of 17 items applied to the staff at that time, with the Likert scale, whose content consisted of five alternatives to answer: 1) Almost always; 2) Always, 3) Moderately; 4) Almost never; 5) Never. The second part, the processes of acquisition and contracting of 14 items with equal scale. Confirming that the coefficient of correspondence of the variables: Internal Control and Acquisition and Contracting Process of the Municipality of the Province of Tambopata, Madre de Dios is 0.773 for the Pearson R coefficient, with alpha = 0.052 for internal control and 0.083 for Processes of acquisition and contracting for the state, noting that 76% of the respondents is of REGULAR level the internal control and the acquisition and contracting activities that are in the state being the REGULAR level, the R² = 0.597, indicating that the processes Of acquisition will depend on 59.7% of the levels in which the internal control is found inthe Provincial Municipality of Tambopata, Madre de Dios - 2017.Tesi

RNA-seq transcriptome analysis provides candidate genes for resistance to Tomato leaf cur New Delhi virus in melon

[EN] Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) emerged in the Mediterranean Basin in 2012 as the first DNA bipartite begomovirus (Geminiviridae family), causing severe yield and economic losses in cucurbit crops. A major resistance locus was identified in the wild melon accession WM-7 (Cucumis melo kachri group), but the mechanisms involved in the resistant response remained unknown. In this work, we used RNA-sequencing to identify disease-associated genes that are differentially expressed in the course of ToLCNDV infection and could contribute to resistance. Transcriptomes of the resistant WM-7 genotype and the susceptible cultivar Piñonet Piel de Sapo (PS)(C. melo ibericus group) in ToLCNDV and mock inoculated plants were compared at four time points during infection (0, 3, 6, and 12 days post inoculation). Different gene expression patterns were observed over time in the resistant and susceptible genotypes in comparison to their respective controls. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in ToLCNDV-infected plants were classified using gene ontology (GO) terms, and genes of the categories transcription, DNA replication, and helicase activity were downregulated in WM-7 but upregulated in PS, suggesting that reduced activity of these functions reduces ToLCNDV replication and intercellular spread and thereby contributes to resistance. DEGs involved in the jasmonic acid signaling pathway, photosynthesis, RNA silencing, transmembrane, and sugar transporters entail adverse consequences for systemic infection in the resistant genotype, and lead to susceptibility in PS. The expression levels of selected candidate genes were validated by qRT-PCR to corroborate their differential expression upon ToLCNDV infection in resistant and susceptible melon. Furthermore, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) with an effect on structural functionality of DEGs linked to the main QTLs for ToLCNDV resistance have been identified. The obtained results pinpoint cellular functions and candidate genes that are differentially expressed in a resistant and susceptible melon line in response to ToLCNDV, an information of great relevance for breeding ToLCNDV-resistant melon cultivars.This work was supported by grants AGL201785563-C2-1-R and RTA2017-00061-C03-03 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by "ERDF A way of making Europe," by grant PID2020-116055RB-C21 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033; and by PROMETEO projects 2017/078 and 2021/072 (to promote excellence groups) by the Conselleria d'Educacio, Investigacio, Cultura i Esports (Generalitat Valenciana).Sáez-Sánchez, C.; Flores-León, A.; Montero-Pau, J.; Sifres, A.; Dhillon N.P.S:; López, C.; Picó, B. (2022). RNA-seq transcriptome analysis provides candidate genes for resistance to Tomato leaf cur New Delhi virus in melon. Frontiers in Plant Science. 12:1-26. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.7988581261

Neocosmospora keratoplastica, a relevant human fusarial pathogen is found to be associated with wilt and root rot of Muskmelon and Watermelon crops in Spain: epidemiological and molecular evidences

[EN] Some taxa of the Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC) have been associated with clinical infections in humans and plant diseases. Among the several fusaria that cause relevant mycoses in cucurbits in Spain, Neocosmospora keratoplastica is described for the first time as responsible for wilt and root rot in both watermelon and melon crops in producing areas of Valencia and Alicante provinces. Due to the ecological and systematic complexity of the group, with described clinical forms and plant pathogens practically indistinguishable from each other, both pathological evidences (including artificial inoculation bioassays) and molecular methods (multilocus phylogeny based on ITS, TEF-1 alpha, and RPB2 regions) are provided to confirm this finding, since the presence of this soil-borne pathogen could have been probably underestimated in cucurbits-producing areas of Spain.This work was supported by the by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades grants AGL2017-85563-C2 (1-R and 2-R) (cofunded with FEDER funds) and by the PROMETEO project 2017/078 (to promote excellence groups) by the Conselleria d'Educacio, Investigacio, Cultura i Esports (Generalitat Valenciana).González, V.; García-Martínez, S.; Flores-León, A.; Ruiz, JJ.; Picó Sirvent, MB.; Garcés-Claver, A. (2020). Neocosmospora keratoplastica, a relevant human fusarial pathogen is found to be associated with wilt and root rot of Muskmelon and Watermelon crops in Spain: epidemiological and molecular evidences. European Journal of Plant Pathology. 156(4):1189-1196. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-020-01931-z118911961564Cabral, C. S., Melo, M. P., Fonseca, M. E. N., Boiteux, L. S., & Reis, A. (2016). A root rot of chickpea caused by isolates of the Fusarium solani species complex in Brazil. Plant Disease, 100, 2171. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-05-15-0571-PDN.Chehri, K., Salleh, B., & Zakaria, L. (2015). Morphological and phylogenetic analysis of Fusarium solani species complex in Malaysia. Microbial Ecology, 69, 457–471.Chitrampalan, P., & Nelson Jr., B. (2015). Multilocus phylogeny reveals an association of agriculturally important Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC) 11, and clinically important FSSC 5 and FSSC 3 + 4 with soybean roots in the north central United States. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek, 109, 335–347. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-015-0636-7.Coleman, J. J. (2016). The Fusarium solani species complex: ubiquitous pathogens of agricultural inportance. Molecular Plant Pathology, 17, 146–158.Crespo, M., Lawrence, D. P., Nouri, M. T., Doll, D. A., & Trouillas, F. P. (2019). Characterization of Fusarium and Neocosmospora species associated with crown rot and stem canker of pistachio rootstocks in California. Plant Disease, 103, 1931–1939.González, V., Armengol, J., & Garcés-Claver, A. (2018). First report of Fusarium petroliphilum causing fruit root of Butternut Squash in Spain. Plant Disease, 102, 1662.Martyn, R. D. (1996). Fusarium wilts. In T. A. Zitter, D. L. Hopkins, & C. E. Thomas (Eds.), Compendium of cucurbit diseases (pp. 11–16). St. Paul: APS Press.Martyn, R. D. (2014). Fusarium wilt of watermelon: 120 years of research. Horticultural Reviews, 42, 349–442.Mehl, H. L., & Epstein, L. (2007). Fusarium solani species complex isolates conspecific with Fusarium solani f. sp. cucurbitae race 2 from naturally infected human and plant tissue and environmental sources are equally virulent on plants, grow at 37° C and are interfertile. Environmental Microbiology, 9, 2189–2199.O’Donnell, K. (2000). Molecular phylogeny of the Nectria haematococca–Fusarium solani species complex. Mycologia, 92, 919–938.O’Donnell, K., Kistler, H. C., Cigelnik, E., & Ploetz, R. C. (1998). Multiple evolutionary origins of the fungus causing Panama disease of banana: concordant evidence from nuclear and mitochondrial gene genealogies. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 95, 2044–2049.O’Donnell, K., Sutton, D. A., Fothergill, A., McCarthy, D., Rinaldi, M. G., Brandt, M. E., et al. (2008). Molecular phylogenetic diversity, multilocus haplotype nomenclature, and in vitro antifungal resistance within the Fusarium solani species complex. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 46, 2477–2490.O’Donnell, K., Sutton, D. A., Wiederholt, N., Robert, V. A. R. G., Crous, P. W., & Geiser, D. M. (2016). Veterinary Fusarioses within the United States. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 54, 2813–2819.Reeb, V., Lutztoni, F., & Roux, C. (2004). Contribution of RPB2 to multilocus phylogenetic studies of the euascomycetes (Pezizomycotina, Fungi) with special emphasis on the lichen-forming Acarosporaceae and evolution of polyspory. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 32, 1036–1060.Rentería-Martínez, M. E., Guerra-Camacho, M. A., Ochoa-Meza, A., Moreno-Salazar, S. F., Varela-Romero, A., Gutiérrez-Millán, L. E., & Meza-Moller, A. C. (2018). Multilocus phylogenetic analysis of fungal complex associated with root rot watermelon in Sonora, Mexico. Mexican Journal of Phytopathology, 36, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.18781/R.MEX.FIT.1710-1.Sandoval-Denis, M., & Crous, P. W. (2018). Removing chaos from confusion: assigning names to common human and animal pathogens in Neocosmospora. Persoonia, 41, 109–129.Sandoval-Denis, M., Lombard, L., & Crous, P. W. (2019). Back to the roots: a reappraisal of Neocosmospora. Persoonia, 43, 90–185.Sarmiento-Ramírez, J. M., Abella-Pérez, E., Phillott, A. D., Sim, J., van West, P., Martín, M. P., Marco, A., & Diéguez-Uribeondo, J. (2014). Global distribution of two fungal pathogens threatening endangered sea turtles. PLoS ONE, 9, e85853. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0085853.Shaffer, J. P., U’Ren, J. M., Gallery, R. E., Baltrus, D. A., & Arnold, A. E. (2017). An endohyphal bacterium (Chitinophaga, bacteroidetes) alters carbon source use by Fusarium keratoplasticum (F. solani species complex, Nectriaceae). Frontiers in Microbiology, 8, 350.Short, D. P. G., O'Donnell, K., Thrane, U., Nielsen, K. F., Zhang, N., Juba, J. H., & Geiser, D. M. (2013). Phylogenetic relationships among members of the Fusarium solani species complex in human infections and the descriptions of F. keratoplasticum sp. nov. and F. petroliphilum stat. nov. Fungal Genetics and Biology, 53, 59–70.Sousa, E. S., Melo, M. P., Mota, J. M., Sousa, E. M. J., Beserra, J. E. A., & Matos, K. S. (2017). First report of Fusarium falciforme (FSSC 3 + 4) causing root rot in lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) in Brazil. Plant Disease, 101, 1954. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-05-17-0657-PDN.Sutton, D. A., & Brandt, M. B. (2011). Fusarium and other opportunistic hyaline fungi. In J. Versalovic, K. Carroll, G. Funke, et al. (Eds.), Manual of clinical microbiology (10th ed., pp. 1853–1879). Washington, USA: ASM Press.Tamura, K., Stecher, G., Peterson, D., Filipski, A., & Kumar, S. (2013). MEGA6: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 6.0. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 30, 2725–2729. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst197.Tirado-Ramirez, M. A., Lopez-Orona, C. A., de Velazquez-Alcaraz, T. J., Diaz-Valdes, T., Velarde-Felix, S., Martinez-Campos, A. R., & Retes-Manjarrez, J. E. (2018). First report of onion basal rot caused by Fusarium falciforme in Mexico. Plant Disease, 102, 2646–2647.White, T. J., Bruns, T., Lee, S., & Taylor, J. (1990). Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In M. A. Innis, D. H. Gelfand, J. J. Sninsky, & T. J. White (Eds.), PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications (345p). San Diego: Academic Press.Zhang, N., O’Donnell, K., Sutton, D. A., et al. (2006). Members of the Fusarium solani species complex that cause infections in both humans and plants are common in the environment. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 44, 2186–2190

Armeria maritima (Mill.) Willd. Flower hydromethanolic extract for Cucurbitaceae fungal diseases control

The cliff rose (Armeria maritima), like other halophytes, has a phenolics-based antioxidant system that allows it to grow in saline habitats. Provided that antioxidant properties are usually accompanied by antimicrobial activity, in this study we investigated the phytochemicals present in a hydromethanolic extract of A. maritima flowers and explored its antifungal potential. The main phytocompounds, identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, were: hexadecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid, 9-octadecenoic acid, 3-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-acrylic acid ethyl ester, and benzeneacetaldehyde. The antifungal activity of the extract and its main constituents—alone and in combination with chitosan oligomers—was tested against six pathogenic taxa associated with soil-borne diseases of plant hosts in the family Cucurbitaceae: Fusarium equiseti, F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum, Macrophomina phaseolina, Neocosmospora falciformis, N. keratoplastica, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. In in vitro tests, EC90 effective concentrations in the 166−865 μg·mL−1 range were obtained for the chitosan oligomers–A. maritima extract conjugate complexes, lower than those obtained for fosetyl-Al and azoxystrobin synthetic fungicides tested for comparison purposes, and even outperforming mancozeb against F. equiseti. In ex situ tests against S. sclerotiorum conducted on artificially inoculated cucumber slices, full protection was achieved at a dose of 250 μg·mL−1. Thus, the reported results support the valorization of A. maritima as a source of biorationals for Cucurbitaceae pathogens protection, suitable for both organic and conventional agriculture

Spectral Ratios for Crack Detection Using P and Rayleigh Waves

We obtain numerical results to help the detection and characterization of subsurface cracks in solids by the application of P and Rayleigh elastic waves. The response is obtained from boundary integral equations, which belongs to the field of elastodynamics. Once the implementation of the boundary conditions has been done, a system of Fredholm integral equations of the second kind and order zero is found. This system is solved using the method of Gaussian elimination. Resonance peaks in the frequency domain allow us to infer the presence of cracks using spectral ratios. Several models of cracked media were analyzed, where effects due to different crack orientations and locations were observed. The results obtained are in good agreement with those published in the references

Síntesis quimioenzimática de ésteres metílicos de ácidos grasos a partir de aceite residual y cálculo de sus parámetros fisicoquímicos

Mediante el desarrollo de un diseño factorial 2k se evaluó la temperatura y concentración del catalizador en la reacción para la obtención de ésteres metílicos de ácidos grasos (FAME) utilizando aceite residual como sustrato metanol como aceptor de acilo Candida antarctica Lipasa B como catalizador y tamices moleculares como agente secante. Los datos experimentales se analizaron con un análisis de varianza (ANOVA). Las relaciones óptimas de catalizador-temperatura se determinaron a 13% -30 ° C, 14,5% -34 ° C y 14% -35 ° C. No se detectó ningún efecto de los tamices moleculares en el rendimiento de la reacción. Por el contrario, se registró para la acidez del producto, que mostró una disminución significativa, de 0,79 a 0,40 mg KOH / g. Aplicando las reglas de mezcla, se calcularon las propiedades fisicoquímicas de los FAME (densidad, gravedad API, viscosidad cinemática, punto de enturbiamiento, presión de vapor, índice de cetano y capacidad calorífica). Los resultados establecieron que el biocombustible es apto para uso comercial y cumple con las regulaciones para biocombustibles: ASTM D6751 y EN-14214. Se determinó que el terc-butanol es el disolvente óptimo para la recuperación y reutilización de la lipasa. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54167/tecnociencia.v15i1.75

GBS characterization of watermelon germplasm and breeding against fungal pathogens

Publishe

Soluciones Creativas de Intervención (LUGH)

En este texto se puede encontrar información sobre los antecedentes del proyecto LUGH ITESO Soluciones creativas de intervención, así como los objetivos del trabajo que incluyen la vinculación entre empresas socialmente responsables con escenarios, comunidades, organizaciones u otros esfuerzos de la sociedad por mejorar su entorno. De este modo la empresa obtiene un beneficio en términos de posicionamiento, a la vez que produce un beneficio social tangible. Durante el período primavera 2016, se desarrollaron estrategias y piezas de comunicación para las organizaciones Plenitud de vida, Concertando México, Juntos por los demás y Capeltic. En este informe se incluye también la descripción del método de trabajo que el proyecto propone para la realización de estrategias de comunicación e intervención social

Neuroaxial anesthesia caused paraplegia: a case report

Patients who undergo; anesthesia, neuraxial analgesia, or some type of neuraxial blockage are exposed to multiple complications. 33-year-old male patient, suffers a femur fracture with a long oblique trace causing pain and functional limitation for movements. Surgical resolution is determined using neuraxial block at L2-L3 level, and intravenous sedation. During his postoperative follow-up, a decrease in strength was confirmed in the lower limbs with 0/5 on the Daniels scale, 100% sensitivity without sphincter control, steroids were prescribed along with magnetic resonance imaging and a neurosurgical evaluation was requested. The MRI shows bulging of the fibrous annulus that obliterates the epidural fat and makes contact with the thecal sac in the L5-S1 intervertebral disc level. The neurosurgery service prescribes rehabilitation sessions at home, electrostimulation and neuropathic medications. Patient was discharged with rehabilitation sessions at home and medical treatment. In his last consultation, an evaluation from the psychiatry department was requested for ideas of disability, hopelessness, fantasies of death without a suicide plan related to limitations and loss of functionality. Patient does not return to external follow-up, cannot be located

COVID-19 anxiety, psychological well-being and preventive behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic in Latin America and the Caribbean: relationships and explanatory model

This study assesses the relationship between COVID-19 anxiety and subjective well-being in terms of the mediating role of COVID-19 preventive behaviors. Additionally, the contribution of sociodemographic factors (sex and age) and risk perception on COVID-19 anxiety and its potential measurement invariance was tested in 5655 participants from 12 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean. A mixture of both latent and observable variables were analyzed using a system of structural equations. The Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS), Preventive COVID-19 Infection Behaviors Scale (PCIBS) and single-item measures were used to assess the perceived probability of death, perceived severity and concern about transmitting COVID-19. The results indicated that there is a significant and relevant direct effect of COVID-19 anxiety on participants' well-being. Furthermore, COVID-19 anxiety significantly predicted both preventive behavior (β =.29, p <.01) and well-being (β = –.32, p <.01). The effects of COVID anxiety and preventive behavior explained 9.8% of the variance in well-being (R-square =.098); whereas, 8.4% of the variance in preventive behavior was associated with COVID anxiety (R-square =.084). Likewise, perceived likelihood of death from COVID, perceived severity of COVID, and concerns about COVID transmission were positively related to anxiety. Age was negatively related to anxiety, with men being less anxious than women. The results are invariant by country, i.e., the broad relationships found in the combined sample are also present in each individual country. The findings indicate that, although the exact relationships between variables may vary between countries, there are enough similarities to provide useful information about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in each of the countries included in the study