Modelos esfuerzo-deformación para mampostería fabricada en México D.F.

102 páginas. Maestría en Ingeniería Estructural.Si se desea estudiar el comportamiento de estructuras altas de mampostería se debe recurrir a modelos de análisis no lineal. Dentro de otra información experimental requerida dichos modelos requieren conocer la curva esfuerzo-deformación axial de la mampostería El objetivo de esta tesis consiste en desarrollar con base en trabajo experimental modelos de comportamiento mecánico esfuerzo-deformación axial para tres tipos de mampostería comúnmente utilizada en nuestro país. Se consideran piezas comúnmente utilizadas en la ciudad de México como lo son ladrillo rojo recocido, tabicón y tabique extruido vertical de dos huecos.Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (México)

AIP and MEN1 mutations and AIP immunohistochemistry in pituitary adenomas in a tertiary referral center.

Background: Pituitary adenomas have a high disease burden due to tumor growth/ invasion and disordered hormonal secretion. Germline mutations in genes such as MEN1 and AIP are associated with early onset of aggressive pituitary adenomas that can be resistant to medical therapy. Aims: We performed a retrospective screening study using published risk criteria to assess the frequency of AIP and MEN1 mutations in pituitary adenoma patients in a tertiary referral center. Methods: Pituitary adenoma patients with pediatric/adolescent onset, macroadenomas occurring ≤30 years of age, familial isolated pituitary adenoma (FIPA) kindreds and acromegaly or prolactinoma cases that were uncontrolled by medical therapy were studied genetically. We also assessed whether immunohistochemical staining for AIP (AIP-IHC) in somatotropinomas was associated with somatostatin analogs (SSA) response. Results: Fifty-five patients met the study criteria and underwent genetic screening for AIP/MEN1 mutations. No mutations were identified and large deletions/duplications were ruled out using MLPA. In a cohort of sporadic somatotropinomas, low AIP-IHC tumors were significantly larger (P = 0.002) and were more frequently sparsely granulated (P = 0.046) than high AIP-IHC tumors. No significant relationship between AIP-IHC and SSA responses was seen. Conclusions: Germline mutations in AIP/MEN1 in pituitary adenoma patients are rare and the use of general risk criteria did not identify cases in a large tertiary-referral setting. In acromegaly, low AIP-IHC was related to larger tumor size and more frequent sparsely granulated subtype but no relationship with SSA responsiveness was seen. The genetics of pituitary adenomas remains largely unexplained and AIP screening criteria could be significantly refined to focus on large, aggressive tumors in young patients

The role of aversiveness in the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and inflexible avoidance

The study of avoidance behaviour is considered relevant to improve our understanding of anxiety disorders, which are commonly characterized by the presence of undue avoidance behaviours. Flores et al. (2018) found evidence that Prospective Intolerance of Uncertainty (P-IU) is associated with inflexible avoidance behaviour. Specifically, healthy participants learned in a free-operant discriminative task to avoid an aversive sound, and were tested in extinction to measure the sensitivity of avoidance responses to the devaluation of the sound aversiveness. The results showed that an increase in P-IU was positively associated with insensitivity to outcome devaluation. This association was still significant even when trait anxiety was controlled for. These results suggested that PIU may be a vulnerability factor for inflexible avoidance. However, in a recent replication, we found that the relationship between P-IU and inflexible avoidance was moderated by the participants ratings of outcome aversiveness. Specifically, the significant association between PIU and insensitivity to outcome devaluation was found to be conditional upon high aversiveness ratings.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, proyecto I+D+i PSI2014-56061. Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship within the 7th European Community Framework Programme. Plan Propio de Investigación de la Universidad de Málaga, Programa de Fortalecimiento de las Capacidades en I+D+I en las Universidades 2014-20150, Fondos FEDER

Estimates of the likelihood of threats are related to intolerance of uncertainty and learning

In the present experiment, we assessed the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and expectancy ratings of threats both in the presence of conditioned stimuli (CS) that signalled the delivery of an aversive unconditioned stimulus (US), and after making an avoidance response. Participants learned the relationship between several pictures serving as CSs and an aversive sound serving as the US, and learned to avoid the US through a procedure including alternating pavlovian and negative reinforcement training phases. Expectancy ratings were measured on every training trial. Our results only showed a significant association between intolerance of uncertainty and expectancy ratings made after avoidance responses. This association was found only when the avoidance response was made in the presence of CSs signalling that the aversive sound was avoidable. The increase in intolerance of uncertainty was related to lower expectancy ratings in good learners, and to higher expectancy ratings in bad learners. These results are tentatively explained by invoking a view of intolerance of uncertainty as an exaggerated reaction to uncertainty aimed at learning to avoid threats.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. Ministerio de Ciencia y Competitividad. Proyecto Nacional I+D+i. PSI2014-56061

Studying habit acquisition with an avoidance learning task

Afiliaciones: Universidad de Málaga and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Spain Universidad de Málaga, Spain University of Leuven, BelgiumThe study of habit acquisition and expression is considered relevant to improve our understanding of mental disorders characterised by the presence of compulsive or incontrollable behaviours. Most studies on habit learning, both in animals and in humans, are based on positive reinforcement paradigms. However, the compulsions and habits involved in some mental disorders may be better understood as avoidance behaviours, which involve some peculiarities such as anxiety states that have been shown to promote habitual responses. Consequently, we studied habit acquisition by using a free-operant discriminated avoidance procedure. Participants learned to avoid an aversive noise presented either to the right or to the left ear by pressing two different keys. After a devaluation phase where participants could reduce the volume of the noise presented to one of the ears, participants went through a test phase identical to the avoidance learning phase except for the fact that the noise was never administered. Habit acquisition was inferred by comparing the rate of responses to the stimulus signalling the devalued reinforcer and to the stimulus signalling the non-devalued reinforcer. Habitual responses would entail the absence of differences between the referred conditions. Finally, we discuss the theoretical and clinical implications of the results obtained.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Biotransformation of Steroids Using Different Microorganisms

The introduction of a hydroxyl group “biohydroxylation” in the steroid skeleton is an important step in the synthesis of new steroids used physiologically as hormones and active drugs. There are currently about 300 known steroid drugs whose production constitutes the second category within the pharmaceutical market after antibiotics. Several biotransformations at industrial scale have been applied in the production of steroid hormones and drugs, which have functionalized different types of raw materials by means of chemo-, regio-, and stereoselective reactions (hydroxylation, Baeyer-Villiger oxidation, oxidation reactions, reduction of group carbonyl, isomerization, and Michael additions, condensation reactions, among others). In Green Chemistry, biotransformations are an important chemical methodology toward more sustainable industrial processes

Contabilidad Gerencial: Análisis de la decisión de financiamiento y el estado de situación financiera de la Empresa Gran Hotel Zafiro S, A de Managua en el periodo finalizado 2014

Al momento de iniciar el proceso de toma de decisiones financieras en una empresa es elemental conocer el tipo de decisión a tomar, es decir, si es de inversión o de financiamiento, en el primer caso tiene que ver con las decisiones sobre qué recursos financieros serán necesarios, mientras que la segunda categoría se relaciona de cómo proveer los recursos financieros requeridos, ambas están íntimamente ligadas, sin embargo de todas las actividades de una empresa, la de reunir el capital es de las más importantes. El presente Seminario de Graduación pretende elaborar un análisis que permita a Gran Hotel Zafiro, S.A., de Managua seleccionar la opción más eficiente de las fuentes de financiamiento disponibles a largo plazo con el fin de llevar a cabo la decisión de inversión tomada en ampliaciones de la capacidad instalada que ayude a maximizar las utilidades de la empresa. La información razonable de los estados financieros es de trascendental importancia para el proceso de la toma de decisiones a través de la contabilidad gerencial, es decir no es un tema del cual se pueda ejercer con menor conocimiento, por lo que es muy importante que todo gerente o persona que desempeñe puestos similares efectúe un análisis de las variables externas e internas antes de tomar una decisión en el ámbito financiero, referidas al análisis de las diferentes fuentes de financiamiento y de los Estados Financieros. El Gran Hotel Zafiro, S.A., de Managua antes de agotar todas las opciones de financiamiento, primero analiza las diferentes alternativas de financiamiento opta por un préstamo hipotecario como fuente de financiamiento a largo plazo, considerándola como la decisión más eficiente

Manejo de ruptura prematura de membranas en embarazadas atendidas en el Servicio de Emergencia del Hospital Gaspar García Laviana Enero 2013-Enero 2015

La Ruptura prematura de membranas es la salida de líquido amniótico después de las 20 semanas de gestación y antes del inicio de trabajo de parto. Se investigó el manejo de esta patología en embarazadas atendidas en el servicio de emergencia del Hospital de Rivas a través de un estudio descriptivo, observacional de corte transversal; en donde se tomaron 74 expedientes de embarazadas de manera aleatoria con gestaciones de 24 a 40 6/7 semanas de gestación con diagnóstico de ruptura prematura de membranas tomándose en cuenta los factores sociodemográficos, antecedentes ginecoobstétricos, los factores de riesgo, terapéutica recibida y la condición del binomio, con los siguientes resultados: el 50% de las pacientes pertenecían a la edad de 20-29 años. Los embarazos en su mayoría eran a término con al menos un control prenatal en el 86.5% de los casos. No se reportaron factores predisponentes con significancia estadística. El manejo fue principalmente activo. Logramos concluir que una pequeña parte de las embarazadas presentó síndrome hipertensivo e infección de vías urinarias asociadas, se cumplió el manejo según el protocolo nacional en todos los casos y no se reportaron complicaciones maternas post-parto

On the Connectedness and Diameter of a Geometric Johnson Graph

Let $P$ be a set of $n$ points in general position in the plane. A subset $I$ of $P$ is called an \emph{island} if there exists a convex set $C$ such that $I = P \cap C$. In this paper we define the \emph{generalized island Johnson graph} of $P$ as the graph whose vertex consists of all islands of $P$ of cardinality $k$, two of which are adjacent if their intersection consists of exactly $l$ elements. We show that for large enough values of $n$, this graph is connected, and give upper and lower bounds on its diameter

LA REFORMA ENERGÉTICA Y EL FUTURO DE LA ACTIVIDAD PETROLERA: (UNA REFLEXIÓN A TRES AÑOS DE LAS REFORMAS ESTRUCTURALES)

En México la importancia de la actividad petrolera no está en discusión, pero, su relación con el desarrollo social requiere de reflexión; los recursos son, curiosamente, indispensables en la aplicación del gasto social. Particularmente en Tabasco la actividad petrolera ha ocasionado graves daños (sociales y ambientales), riqueza, pobreza y daños ecológicos irreversibles, por su parte, la mayoría de los mexicanos hoy tienen la percepción de que Pemex atraviesa por serios problemas (Pasivos, finanzas y sindicato). Es importante señalar que el desarrollo de la actividad petrolera en el mundo una tercera parte es operada por Estados Soberanos (México, Venezuela, Brasil), pero dos terceras partes está en manos de compañías privadas que controlan el mercado internacional. Solo podemos pensar que la reforma energética aprobada representa un beneficio para todos los mexicanos y ojalá no se trate de uno más de los proyectos entreguistas de nuestra riqueza petrolera y soberanía a los grandes monopolios que controlan la actividad en el mundo. México es un productor importante en el contexto internacional, por ello debe aprovechar las oportunidades para mejorar las condiciones de la industria petrolera que puede ser rentable y autosuficiente inclusive con un régimen de propiedad del Estado