Gestión eficiente de las economías locales a través de estrategias administrativas/Efficient management of local economies through administrative strategies

La gestión de la economía local plantea retos al integrarse al sector productivo como uno de sus ejes de crecimiento, este estudio plantea un análisis de la dinámica de estrategias administrativas aplicadas en las microempresas de la ciudad de Macas y su incidencia en la eficiencia para promover el desarrollo del espacio, convirtiéndose éstas en las dos variables de estudio: la gestión de las economías locales y las estrategias administrativas, la metodología de trabajo a utilizar comienza definiendo una investigación de tipo cuantitativa y cualitativa, no experimental, denostándose su independencia a través del método Chi cuadrado determinándose que menos del 50% de negocios aplica algún tipo de estrategia administrativa con una incidencia directa en la gestión de la economía local que trabaja de manera aislada del sector productivo creándose una herramienta a través de la cual se pueda crear una sinergia para lograr el objetivo común que permita eficiencia en el mercado y la gestión pública. Efficient management of local economies through administrative strategies is a stady of the management of the local economy poses challenges when integrating into the productive sector as one of its growth axes, this study proposes an analysis of the dynamics of administrative strategies applied in the micro enterprises of the city of Macas and its impact on efficiency to promote the development of space, these becoming the two variables of study: the management of local economies and administrative strategies, the work methodology to be used begins defining a quantitative and qualitative research, not experimental, denoting its independence through the method Chi square determining that less than 50% of businesses apply some kind of administrative strategy with a direct impact on the management of the local economy that works in isolation from the productive sector, creating a tool through which synergy can be created to achieve the common goal that allows efi science in the market and public management. Palabras clave: Administración, Economía, desarrollo, negocios, gestión, estrategias. Keywords: Administration, Economy, development, business, management, strategies

The Rise of Accounting Administration and Its Impact on the Profitability of Microeconomic Management

Some taxes may limit microeconomic growth. A greater growth of SMEs that use RISE as part of their administration, especially grocery stores, has been identified in the commercial sector in the city of Macas, Morona canton, Morona Santiago province, Ecuador. This has led to a lack of knowledge about their profitability because the nature of the tax can lead to reduced use of accounting tools. Therefore, the objective of this research was to analyze the accounting administration of RISE and its impact on the profitability of these businesses, and to propose the design of a tool that could contribute to the development of efficient management of the local microeconomic businesses. A deductive quantitative approach was used and data were collected through a survey and interviews. The Chi square test was used to analyze the results. According to the findings, the limitations faced by businesses that use this tax included the generation of monthly income that does not cover the monthly basic basket. Based on the results, we proposed a strategy for the efficient management of the microeconomy that is made up of four tools: conscious strategic planning, administration without tax barriers, efficient accounting tools, and the sustainable development of the company. Keywords: administration, accounting, microeconomics, RISE, management, taxation. Resumen Algunos impuestos pueden limitar el crecimiento microeconómico, en la ciudad de Macas, cantón Morona, provincia de Morona Santiago, Ecuador se ha identificado un mayor crecimiento de PYMEs del sector comercial, de manera especial tiendas de abastos quienes utilizan el RISE como parte de su administración, lo que ha provocado un deficiente conocimiento real de su rentabilidad debido a la naturaleza misma del impuesto que lleva a un uso deficiente y casi nulo de los las herramientas contables, el trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar la administración contable del RISE y su incidencia en la rentabilidad de estos negocios que permitan el diseño de una herramienta que aporte al desarrollo de la gestión eficiente de la microeconomía local, se analizan datos obtenidos a partir de un estudio de tipo deductivo de enfoque cuantitativo, metodología de tipo analítico, correlacional, de campo que aplica instrumentos la recolección de información como la encuesta y entrevista, determina la dependencia de las variables identificadas a través del Chi cuadrado, e identifica como parte de los resultados las limitaciones a las que los negocios que utilizan este impuesto tienen como es la generación de ingresos mensuales que no llegan a cubrir la canasta básica mensual; plantea como parte de la solución al problema la Estrategia para la gestión eficiente de la Microeconomía que se compone cuatro herramientas: la planificación estratégica consciente, administración sin barreras tributarias, herramientas contables eficientes, el desarrollo sustentable de la empresa. Palabras clave: administración, contabilidad, microeconomía, rise, gestión, tributación

A randomised controlled trial to evaluate a medication monitoring system for TB treatment

BACKGROUND: Adherence to TB treatment and therefore treatment success could be improved using digital adherence technology. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of a medication event reminder monitor system (MERM) on treatment success and treatment adherence in patients with drug-susceptible pulmonary TB in Perú. METHODS: This was an experimental, randomised, open-label, controlled study conducted among patients in the second phase of TB treatment. The intervention group received their medications through MERM with the support of a treatment monitor, whereas the control group used the usual strategy. Participants were followed until they completed the 54 doses of the second phase of treatment. RESULTS: The study included 53 patients in each group; four in the intervention group withdrew from the study. Treatment success was significantly more frequent in the MERM group (RR 1.15, 95% CI 1.02–1.30; P = 0.0322). There was no significant difference in the adherence outcomes; however, the percentage of patients who missed at least one dose and patients with more than 10% of total doses missed were lower in the intervention group. CONCLUSION: The use of MERM in the second phase of treatment showed a significant improvement in the treatment success rate in patients with drug-susceptible pulmonary TB.National Institutes of HealthRevisión por pare

Green Synthesis of Metallic and Carbon Nanostructures

The technological and biomedical applications of low toxicity and eco-friendly organic compounds are nowadays increasingly attracting the attention of researchers in nanoscience, who are aiming for more biocompatible and nanostructured systems for their application in antineoplastic therapies. This study presents the significance of “green components” in the production of graphene, metallic, and semiconductor nanoparticles, due to their antioxidant and antitumor properties. The formation of nanostructures is caused during green synthesis methods by organic molecules or carboxylic acid groups present in some plant extracts; for this reason, we include here a recapitulation and analysis of the role of carboxylic acids in those systems (organic). Furthermore, we propose the use of the extract from Opuntia ficus-indica cladodes to obtain metallic and carbon nanostructures, as an alternative biosynthesis method for the development of future nanobiotechnological applications

Using a Floating-Gate MOS Transistor as a Transducer in a MEMS Gas Sensing System

Floating-gate MOS transistors have been widely used in diverse analog and digital applications. One of these is as a charge sensitive device in sensors for pH measurement in solutions or using gates with metals like Pd or Pt for hydrogen sensing. Efforts are being made to monolithically integrate sensors together with controlling and signal processing electronics using standard technologies. This can be achieved with the demonstrated compatibility between available CMOS technology and MEMS technology. In this paper an in-depth analysis is done regarding the reliability of floating-gate MOS transistors when charge produced by a chemical reaction between metallic oxide thin films with either reducing or oxidizing gases is present. These chemical reactions need temperatures around 200 °C or higher to take place, so thermal insulation of the sensing area must be assured for appropriate operation of the electronics at room temperature. The operation principle of the proposal here presented is confirmed by connecting the gate of a conventional MOS transistor in series with a Fe2O3 layer. It is shown that an electrochemical potential is present on the ferrite layer when reacting with propane

Copper: Synthesis Techniques in Nanoscale and Powerful Application as an Antimicrobial Agent

Nanosized metal particles show specific physical and chemical properties that allow the creation of new composites materials, which are important for multiple applications in biology and medicine such as infections control. Metal nanoparticles, mainly copper, exhibit excellent inhibitory effect on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria; therefore the exploration about the efficient, economical, and friendly environmental technics to synthesize inorganic nanoparticles is imperative. In this work a brief overview of the several methods is made including the comparison of the methods, mainly between sonochemical, microwave, and chemical routes. It allows determining the optimal parameters and technical conditions to synthesize copper nanoparticles with physical and chemical properties suitable for the oral bacterial inhibition

Elastic scattering of 8He + 208Pb at 22MeV

The dynamics of 8He around the Coulomb barrier is investigated by measuring the energy and angular distribution of the elastic 8He and the 6He and 4He fragment yields in the collision process with a 208Pb target. The experiment was carried out at SPIRAL/GANIL in October 2010. The experimental results will provide information about the relevant reaction mechanisms and the validity of the optical model (OM) when applied to exotic nuclei. In this paper, details of the experimental setup and preliminary results on the elastic scattering for the collision at 22 MeV are presented.Spanish Research Council FPA-2010-22131-CO2-01Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland N202 03363

Genomic epidemiology of the primary methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clones causing invasive infections in Paraguayan children

Address correspondence to Fátima Rodríguez, [email protected] Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the major human pathogens. It could carry numerous resistance genes and virulence factors in its genome, some of which are related to the severity of the infection. An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was designed to molecularly analyze MRSA isolates that cause invasive infections in Paraguayan children from 2009 to 2013. Ten representative MRSA isolates of the main clonal complex identified were analyzed with short-read paired-end sequencing and assessed for the virulome, resistome, and phylogenetic relationships. All the genetically linked MRSA isolates were recovered from diverse clinical sources, patients, and hospitals at broad gap periods. The pan-genomic analysis of these clones revealed three major and different clonal complexes (CC30, CC5, and CC8), each composed of clones closely related to each other. The CC30 genomes prove to be a successful clone, strongly installed and disseminated throughout our country, and closely related to other CC30 public genomes from the region and the world. The CC5 shows the highest genetic variability, and the CC8 carried the complete arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME), closely related to the USA300-NAE-ACME+, identified as the major cause of CA-MRSA infections in North America. Multiple virulence and resistance genes were identified for the first time in this study, highlighting the complex virulence profiles of MRSA circulating in the country. This study opens a wide range of new possibilities for future projects and trials to improve the existing knowledge on the epidemiology of MRSA circulating in Paraguay.Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y TecnologíaPrograma Paraguayo para el Desarrollo de la Ciencia y Tecnología. Financiamiento para la vinculación de científicos y tecnólogo

Mast Cell Changes the Phenotype of Microglia via Histamine and ATP

Background/Aims: Microglia are the dynamic motile phagocytes of the brain considered the first line of defense against threats or disturbances to the Central Nervous System (CNS). Microglia help orchestrate the immunological response by interacting with others immune cells. Mast cells (MCs) are effector cells of the innate immune system distributed in all organs and vascularized tissues, brain included. Several molecular mechanisms for potential interactions between MCs and microglia have been determined. However, the effect of MCs on regulated exocytosis and phagocytic clearance in microglia has not been explored. Methods: Cocktails of MCs mediators (MCM) obtained at 37°C and 53°C were used to induce microglia activation. Changes in intracellular calcium [Ca2+]i and ATP release were studied by calcium and quinacrine fluorescence imaging. Fluorescent latex beads were used to assay phagocytosis in microglia after MCM treatment and compared to that measured in the presence of histamine, ATP and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Iba-1 expression and area were quantified by immunofluorescence and histamine levels evaluated by ELISA techniques. Results: Local application onto microglia of the MC mediator cocktail elicited Ca2+ transients and exocytotic release associated with quinacrine dye de-staining. Ca2+ signals were mimicked by histamine and blocked by the H1 receptor (H1R) antagonist, cetirizine. Hydrolysis of ATP by apyrase also affected Ca2+ transients to a lesser extent. Iba-1 fluorescence, cell area and phagocytosis were enhanced by histamine through H1R. However, ATP prevented iba-1 expression and microglial phagocytosis. MCM showed combined effects of histamine and ATP, increasing the number of internalized microbeads per cell and area without raising iba1 expression. Conclusion: Our results highlight the relevance of MC-derived histamine and ATP in the modulation of secretory and phagocytic activities that would explain the heterogeneity of microglial responses in different pathological contexts.Agencia Estatal de Investigación/ProyectoJunta de Andalucí