Condições bucais de pacientes cardiopatas crônicos

Aim: Describe the oral health condition and oral health related behavioral habits of individuals with chronic coronary artery disease that have been followed in a cardiologic unit in the University Hospital of Porto Alegre. Materials and Methods: 100 consecutive patients that frequented the unit were evaluated between June 2011 and March 2012. Demographics, socioeconomic and behavioral data were obtained from all participants. An oral examination with the following variables was performed: visible plaque and gingival bleeding indexes, gingival recession (GR), periodontal probing depth (PPD), BOP, clinical attachment loss derived by the sum of GR and PPD, and DMFT. Results: The majority of individuals were from male gender and were over 60 years of age. Approximately half of the individuals were former smokers. More than three quarters of the sample reported to have irregular dental visits. The parameters related to the supragingival biofilm presented high means for plaque and gingival bleeding indexes equalig 68% and 47% respectively. More than half of the examined teeth presented PPD ≥4 mm, and subgingival bleeding was present in approximately three quarters of the examined sites. Most of the examined teeth presented CAL ≥6 mm. The mean tooth loss in the individuals of the present study was 13.2. Mean DMFT was 10.9. Conclusion: The present sample of chronic cardiovascular disease patients presented oral health conditions compatible with the epidemiology of oral diseases most prevalent in the Brazilian population. However, this condition is alarming in a health context since tooth loss and periodontal diseases have been associated with higher risks of cardiovascular events.Objetivo: Descrever as condições de saúde bucal e hábitos comportamentais relacionados à saúde de indivíduos com doença arterial coronariana crônica (DAC) em acompanhamento em uma unidade de atendimento cardiológico do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Materiais e Métodos: Foram avaliados 100 pacientes consecutivos que frequentaram a unidade entre junho de 2011 e março de 2012. Dados demográficos, socioeconômicos e comportamentais foram obtidos. Um exame bucal foi realizado avaliando os índices de placa visível (IPV) e sangramento gengival (ISG), recessão gengival (RG), profundidade de sondagem (PS), sangramento à sondagem (SS) e perda de inserção (PI), além do índice CPO-D. Resultados: Observou-se um predomínio de indivíduos do gênero masculino, sendo que a faixa etária predominante foi a partir de 60 anos na amostra do estudo. Cerca de metade dos indivíduos era ex-fumante. Mais de três quartos da amostra relatou visitas ao dentista de maneira irregular. Os parâmetros relacionados ao biofilme supragengival apresentaram médias elevadas, contabilizando índices de placa e sangramento médios de cerca de 68% e 47%, respectivamente. Mais da metade dos dentes examinados possuíam PS ≥4 mm, e o sangramento subgengival (SS) esteve presente em aproximadamente três quartos dos sítios examinados. A maior parte dos dentes examinados apresentou PI ≥6 mm. Em média, os indivíduos do presente estudo apresentaram 13,2 dentes perdidos. O CPO-D médio encontrado foi de 10,9 dentes. Conclusão: A presente amostra apresentou condições de saúde bucal compatíveis com a epidemiologia das doenças bucais mais prevalentes na população brasileira. Porém, esta condição é alarmante no contexto de saúde, uma vez que cada vez mais tem-se associado perda dentária e doenças periodontais a maiores riscos de eventos cardiovasculares

La Libertad: La Libertad - Año XVII Número 4698 - 1935 abril 21 (21/04/1935)

Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre parâmetros clínicos periodontais, proteína C reativa (PCR), perfil lipídico e glicêmico em pacientes com Doença Arterial Coronariana crônica (DAC). Materiais e métodos: Este estudo consiste em uma análise preliminar de um estudo observacional transversal. Foram incluídos 71 indivíduos, consecutivamente, a partir de uma coorte de pacientes com DAC do Ambulatório de Cardiopatia Isquêmica Crônica (CPI) do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Um questionário estruturado foi aplicado para acessar dados demográficos, socioeconômicos e comportamentais. Dados referentes à história médica tais como uso de medicamentos e presença de outras doenças, assim como peso, altura e pressão arterial foram obtidos no prontuário dos pacientes no HCPA. Os exames periodontais foram realizados por dois periodontistas calibrados, sendo registrados os índices de placa visível (IPV), sangramento gengival (ISG), profundidade de sondagem (PS), sangramento subgengival (SS) e perda de inserção (PI) em seis sítios por dente de todos os dentes presentes. Uma coleta sanguínea também foi realizada no momento do estudo para mensurar a concentração de diferentes marcadores inflamatórios e indicadores metabólicos. Para análise dos dados foram geradas as médias dos parâmetros periodontais para cada indivíduo. Modelos de regressão linear múltipla foram gerados para caracterizar a associação entre diferentes parâmetros periodontais e inflamatórios sanguíneos controlando para idade, gênero, índice de massa corporal (IMC) e diabetes. Resultados: De maneira geral, os pacientes apresentaram condição periodontal precária, com altos níveis de placa (68,98±19,85%), destruição periodontal (PI=6,02±1,70mm) e inflamação periodontal (SS=73,30±23,84%). Quando aplicaram-se modelos de regressão linear múltipla, foram encontradas associações positivas entre PCR com PS (p=0,02) e PI (p=0,006); Colesterol total com PS (p=0,02), PI ( p=0,05) e SS (p=0,008); lipoproteína não-HDL com SS (p=0,007) e também lipoproteína LDL com PS (p=0,03) e PI (p=0,005). Não foram observadas associações entre parâmetros periodontais e lipoproteína VLDL, HDL, glicose e pressão arterial. Conclusão: Levando-se em consideração as limitações desta análise preliminar, os parâmetros periodontais de PS, PI e SS parecem estar associados a alterações nos marcadores cardiovasculares como PCR, colesterol e lipoproteínas LDL e não-HDL.Objective: To evaluate the association between periodontal clinical parameters, C-reactive protein (CRP), lipids and glucose levels in patients with chronic coronary artery disease (CAD). Materials and methods: This study consisted in a preliminary analysis of a cross-sectional observational study. The study included 71 patients, consecutively, from a cohort of patients with CAD from the Ambulatory of Chronic Ischemic Heart Disease (CPI) of the Hospital of Clinics of Porto Alegre. A structured questionnaire was used to access demographic, socioeconomic and behavioral factors. Data regarding medical history such as medication use and presence of other diseases, as well as weight, height and blood pressure were obtained from the records of patients at HCPA. The periodontal examinations were conducted by two calibrated periodontists that recorded visible plaque index (IPV), gingival bleeding (ISG), probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP) and periodontal attachment loss (PAL) at six sites per tooth of all teeth present. A blood sample was also collected at the time of the study to measure the concentration of different inflammatory markers and metabolic indicators. Individual averages were calculated for each periodontal parameter. Multiple linear regression models were generated to evaluate the association between different periodontal and blood parameters controlling for age, gender, body mass index (BMI) and diabetes. Results: Overall, patients had poor periodontal status, with high levels of plaque (68.98±19.85%), periodontal destruction (PAL=6.02±1.70mm) and periodontal inflammation (BOP=73,30±23.84%). When multiple linear regression models were applied, positive associations were found between CRP and PD (p=0.02) and PAL (p=0.006), total cholesterol and PD (p = 0.02), PAL (p=0,05) and BOP (p=0.008), non-HDL lipoproteins and BOP (p = 0.007), and LDL lipoprotein and PS (p = 0.03) and PAL (p = 0.005). No associations were observed between periodontal parameters and lipoprotein VLDL, HDL, glucose and blood pressure. Conclusion: Taking into account the limitations of this preliminary analysis, periodontal parameters of PD, PAL and BOP seem to be associated to changes in cardiovascular markers such as CRP, cholesterol, LDL and non-HDL

Health-status outcomes with invasive or conservative care in coronary disease

BACKGROUND In the ISCHEMIA trial, an invasive strategy with angiographic assessment and revascularization did not reduce clinical events among patients with stable ischemic heart disease and moderate or severe ischemia. A secondary objective of the trial was to assess angina-related health status among these patients. METHODS We assessed angina-related symptoms, function, and quality of life with the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) at randomization, at months 1.5, 3, and 6, and every 6 months thereafter in participants who had been randomly assigned to an invasive treatment strategy (2295 participants) or a conservative strategy (2322). Mixed-effects cumulative probability models within a Bayesian framework were used to estimate differences between the treatment groups. The primary outcome of this health-status analysis was the SAQ summary score (scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better health status). All analyses were performed in the overall population and according to baseline angina frequency. RESULTS At baseline, 35% of patients reported having no angina in the previous month. SAQ summary scores increased in both treatment groups, with increases at 3, 12, and 36 months that were 4.1 points (95% credible interval, 3.2 to 5.0), 4.2 points (95% credible interval, 3.3 to 5.1), and 2.9 points (95% credible interval, 2.2 to 3.7) higher with the invasive strategy than with the conservative strategy. Differences were larger among participants who had more frequent angina at baseline (8.5 vs. 0.1 points at 3 months and 5.3 vs. 1.2 points at 36 months among participants with daily or weekly angina as compared with no angina). CONCLUSIONS In the overall trial population with moderate or severe ischemia, which included 35% of participants without angina at baseline, patients randomly assigned to the invasive strategy had greater improvement in angina-related health status than those assigned to the conservative strategy. The modest mean differences favoring the invasive strategy in the overall group reflected minimal differences among asymptomatic patients and larger differences among patients who had had angina at baseline

Initial invasive or conservative strategy for stable coronary disease

BACKGROUND Among patients with stable coronary disease and moderate or severe ischemia, whether clinical outcomes are better in those who receive an invasive intervention plus medical therapy than in those who receive medical therapy alone is uncertain. METHODS We randomly assigned 5179 patients with moderate or severe ischemia to an initial invasive strategy (angiography and revascularization when feasible) and medical therapy or to an initial conservative strategy of medical therapy alone and angiography if medical therapy failed. The primary outcome was a composite of death from cardiovascular causes, myocardial infarction, or hospitalization for unstable angina, heart failure, or resuscitated cardiac arrest. A key secondary outcome was death from cardiovascular causes or myocardial infarction. RESULTS Over a median of 3.2 years, 318 primary outcome events occurred in the invasive-strategy group and 352 occurred in the conservative-strategy group. At 6 months, the cumulative event rate was 5.3% in the invasive-strategy group and 3.4% in the conservative-strategy group (difference, 1.9 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8 to 3.0); at 5 years, the cumulative event rate was 16.4% and 18.2%, respectively (difference, 121.8 percentage points; 95% CI, 124.7 to 1.0). Results were similar with respect to the key secondary outcome. The incidence of the primary outcome was sensitive to the definition of myocardial infarction; a secondary analysis yielded more procedural myocardial infarctions of uncertain clinical importance. There were 145 deaths in the invasive-strategy group and 144 deaths in the conservative-strategy group (hazard ratio, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.32). CONCLUSIONS Among patients with stable coronary disease and moderate or severe ischemia, we did not find evidence that an initial invasive strategy, as compared with an initial conservative strategy, reduced the risk of ischemic cardiovascular events or death from any cause over a median of 3.2 years. The trial findings were sensitive to the definition of myocardial infarction that was used