Klinički i ultrazvučni nalaz kod traumatske upale kapure i potrbušnice u azijskih vodenih bivola (Bubalus bubalis).

Eighteen buffaloes with traumatic reticuloperitonitis were examined by means of sonography during a 2 year period. Ten healthy buffaloes served as a control group for clinical parameters and ultrasonographic assessment of the reticulum. The reticulum was examined with a 3.5 MHz convex transducer. The patients, as opposed to the control group, showed an increased rectal temperature, inappetence, reduced or absent ruminal motility, recurrent tympany, and positive metal detector and pain tests. Twelve buffaloes had single and 6 had multiple foreign bodies. Their sonographic appearance was hyperechogenic with comet tail artifacts (n = 13) or with acoustic shadows (n = 5). Acoustic shadows were only observed in foreign bodies located near the abdominal wall. They perforated the abdominal wall in 5 buffaloes presented with localised swellings and fistulas in the cranioventral abdomen. The foreign bodies were detected from the left side in 10 and from the right side in 8 cases. Perforation of soft tissues by foreign bodies was accompanied with inflammation in 14 and abscess formation in 4 cases.Osamnaest bivola s traumatskom upalom kapure i potrbušnice pretraženo je ultrazvukom u razdoblju od dvije godine. Deset zdravih bivola poslužilo je kao kontrolna skupina za kliničke pokazatelje i ultrazvučnu procjenu stanja kapure. Kapura je bila pretražena konveksnim pretvornikom od 3,5 MHz. Za razliku od kontrolne skupine, životinje s traumatskom upalom pokazivale su povišenu rektalnu temperaturu, gubitak apetita, smanjeni ili izostali motilitet buraga, povratnu nadutost te pozitivni nalaz pretragom na bolnost i prisutnost metala. U dvanaest bivola ustanovljeno je jedno strano tijelo, a u njih šest više stranih tijela. Ustanovljena je hiperehogenost s artefaktima nalik repu kometa (n = 13) ili s akustičnim sjenama (n = 5). Akustične sjene bile su uočene samo kod stranih tijela smještenih uz trbušnu stijenku. Ona su probila trbušnu stijenku u pet bivola kod kojih je ustanovljena lokalizirana oteklina i fistula na kranioventralnom dijelu trbuha. Strana tijela bila su dokazana na lijevoj strani u 10, a na desnoj strani u osam bivola. Perforacija mekih tkiva stranim tijelima bila je popraćena upalom u 14 i nastankom apscesa u četiri životinje

"Call me sexist, but...": Revisiting Sexism Detection Using Psychological Scales and Adversarial Samples

Research has focused on automated methods to effectively detect sexism online. Although overt sexism seems easy to spot, its subtle forms and manifold expressions are not. In this paper, we outline the different dimensions of sexism by grounding them in their implementation in psychological scales. From the scales, we derive a codebook for sexism in social media, which we use to annotate existing and novel datasets, surfacing their limitations in breadth and validity with respect to the construct of sexism. Next, we leverage the annotated datasets to generate adversarial examples, and test the reliability of sexism detection methods. Results indicate that current machine learning models pick up on a very narrow set of linguistic markers of sexism and do not generalize well to out-of-domain examples. Yet, including diverse data and adversarial examples at training time results in models that generalize better and that are more robust to artifacts of data collection. By providing a scale-based codebook and insights regarding the shortcomings of the state-of-the-art, we hope to contribute to the development of better and broader models for sexism detection, including reflections on theory-driven approaches to data collection.Comment: Indira Sen and Julian Kohne contributed equally to this wor