The application of Jungian archetypes to the analysis of character in three early plays by W. B. Yeats

Thesis advisor: Felicia Hardison Londré.VitaIncludes bibliographic references (pages 103-113)Thesis (M.A.)--Department of Theatre. University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2014.Title from PDF of title page, viewed on March 12, 2015.The purpose of the following study is to explore and examine three early plays authored by the iconic late-19th and 20th-century Irish poet-playwright W. B. Yeats (1865-1939) through the identification and conscious consideration of archetypes, or collective, archaic patterns present in the deepest levels of the human psyche. Although the concept of archetypes dates back to classical antiquity, it was in the pioneering work of the Swiss analytical psychologist Carl Gustav Jung (1875-1961) that the idea of archetypes and archetypal image projection in myth and literature were first deeply and categorically surveyed. Although subsequent literary analysts and cultural anthropologists have expanded upon Jung's conception of archetypes, the work of these scholars remains firmly established upon a foundation first laid by Jung in his exploration of archetypes and archetypal content. Therefore, this essay limits itself to Jung's propositions regarding archetypal material. This work asserts that, while archetypal images are present in all works of art and literature (including those of the theatre), comprehension of their influence is of particular significance to the critical examination of drama written by Symbolist playwrights such as W. B. Yeats. Chapter I of this essay is devoted to a general exploration of Jung's theorem of archetypes and to a discussion of those recurrent, primordial images which Jung believed to be of greatest importance with regard to human phenomenology. Chapter II examines the presence of archetypal images in Yeats's first published drama, The Countess Cathleen, specifically with regard to that work's representation of the Maiden, the Mother, the Anima, and the Trickster. Chapter III centers upon the first of Yeats's dramas to be professionally produced, The Land of Heart's Desire, and focuses on the significance that images of the Maiden, the Wise Old Man, the Child, and the Trickster hold in that work. Chapter IV revolves around two versions of Yeats's play The Hour-Glass, and upon the manner in which two archetypal images of the Wise Old Man underpin the dramatic action and character presented within that drama.Jungian archetypes and their significance -- The miracle play of Saint Cathleen; archetypal images in The Countess Cathleen -- The stolen child; archetypal images in The Land of Heart's Desire -- Wisdom and foolishness; archetypal images in The Hour-Glass -- Conclusion

Seasonal patterns in mindfulness in people with seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

Background: Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is a well-known, effective treatment in the prevention of relapse in Major Depression Disorder (MDD). However, a recent study in people with Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) showed that MBCT given in spring was ineffective in preventing a next depressive episode. To test the hypothesis that people with SAD may experience sufficient levels of mindfulness in spring and therefore less benefit from MBCT, this study examines variations in levels of mindfulness over seasons. Methods: This longitudinal prospective study followed 77 people with SAD over a two-year period. Participants filled out a self-report questionnaire, Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) on a quarterly basis. Results: Levels of mindfulness differed throughout the seasons, with overall results suggesting lower levels of mindfulness in winter. Limitations: The results are limited by the small sample size and varying levels of mindfulness over the two years of the study period. Conclusion: Findings suggest a seasonal component in levels of mindfulness exists, implying that people with SAD are less mindful during the winter compared to other seasons. Future research is needed to examine to what extent the motivation of people with SAD to participate in MBCT and benefit from it is higher in the winter

Delocalization transition of the selective interface model: distribution of pseudo-critical temperatures

According to recent progress in the finite size scaling theory of critical disordered systems, the nature of the phase transition is reflected in the distribution of pseudo-critical temperatures $T_c(i,L)$ over the ensemble of samples $(i)$ of size $L$. In this paper, we apply this analysis to the delocalization transition of an heteropolymeric chain at a selective fluid-fluid interface. The width $\Delta T_c(L)$ and the shift $[T_c(\infty)-T_c^{av}(L)]$ are found to decay with the same exponent $L^{-1/\nu_{R}}$, where $1/\nu_{R} \sim 0.26$. The distribution of pseudo-critical temperatures $T_c(i,L)$ is clearly asymmetric, and is well fitted by a generalized Gumbel distribution of parameter $m \sim 3$. We also consider the free energy distribution, which can also be fitted by a generalized Gumbel distribution with a temperature dependent parameter, of order $m \sim 0.7$ in the critical region. Finally, the disorder averaged number of contacts with the interface scales at $T_c$ like $L^{\rho}$ with $\rho \sim 0.26 \sim 1/\nu_R$.Comment: 9 pages,6 figure

Hexadecylphosphocholine, a new ether lipid analogue. Studies on the antineoplastic activity in vitro and in vivo.

Hexadecylphosphocholine (He-PC) is a new compound synthesized according to the minimal structural requirements deducted from studies with other ether lipids. In vitro studies on He-PC revealed remarkable antineoplastic activity on HL60, U937, Raji and K562 leukemia cell lines. In addition, He-PC, applied orally, showed a superior effect in the treatment of dimethylbenzanthracene-induced rat mammary carcinomas when compared to intravenously administered cyclophosphamide. After oral application He-PC was well absorbed from the intestine and metabolized in the liver by phospholipases C and D. During a 5-week treatment no hematotoxic effects were detected. In a clinical pilot study on breast cancer patients with widespread skin involvement, topically applied He-PC showed skin tumor regressions without local or systemic side effects

Adsorption of Multi-block and Random Copolymer on a Solid Surface: Critical Behavior and Phase Diagram

The adsorption of a single multi-block $AB$-copolymer on a solid planar substrate is investigated by means of computer simulations and scaling analysis. It is shown that the problem can be mapped onto an effective homopolymer adsorption problem. In particular we discuss how the critical adsorption energy and the fraction of adsorbed monomers depend on the block length $M$ of sticking monomers $A$, and on the total length $N$ of the polymer chains. Also the adsorption of the random copolymers is considered and found to be well described within the framework of the annealed approximation. For a better test of our theoretical prediction, two different Monte Carlo (MC) simulation methods were employed: a) off-lattice dynamic bead-spring model, based on the standard Metropolis algorithm (MA), and b) coarse-grained lattice model using the Pruned-enriched Rosenbluth method (PERM) which enables tests for very long chains. The findings of both methods are fully consistent and in good agreement with theoretical predictions.Comment: 27 pages, 12 figure

Influence of long-range correlated surface and near the surface disorder on the process of adsorption of long-flexible polymer chains

The influence of long-range correlated surface and decaying near surface disorder with quenched defects is studied. We consider a correlation function for the defects of the form $\frac{e^{-z/\xi}}{r^{a}}$, where $a<d-1$ and $z$ being the coordinate in the direction perpendicular to the surface and $r$ denotes the distance parallel to the surface. We investigate the process of adsorption of long-flexible polymer chains with excluded volume interactions on a "marginal" and attractive wall in the framework of renormalization group field theoretical approach up to first order of perturbation theory in a double ($\epsilon$,$\delta$)- expansion ($\epsilon=4-d$, $\delta=3-a$) for the semi-infinite $|\phi|^4$ $O(m,n)$ model with the above mentioned type of surface and near the surface disorder in the limit $m,n\to 0$. In particular we study two limiting cases. First, we investigate the scenario where the chain's extension it much larger then $\xi$. Second, we consider the case where the chain's extension is of the order of $\xi$. For both cases we obtained series for bulk and the whole set of surface critical exponents, characterizing the process of adsorption of long-flexible polymer chains at the surface. The polymer linear dimensions parallel and perpendicular to the surface and the corresponding partition functions as well as the behavior of monomer density profiles and the fraction of adsorbed monomers at the surface and in the volume are studied.Comment: 31 pages, 5 figures, 2 table

Adsorption transition of a self-avoiding polymer chain onto a rigid rod

The subject of this work is the adsorption transition of a long flexible self-avoiding polymer chain onto a rigid thin rod. The rod is represented by a cylinder of radius R with a short-ranged attractive surface potential for the chain monomers. General scaling results are obtained by using renormalization group arguments in conjunction with available results for quantum field theories with curved boundaries [McAvity and Osborn 1993 Nucl. Phys. B 394, 728]. Relevant critical exponents are identified and estimated using geometric arguments.Comment: 19 pages, 4 figures. To appear in: J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, special issue dedicated to Lothar Schaefer on the occasion of his 60th birthda

The role of mindfulness and self-compassion in depressive symptoms and affect:A Comparison between Cancer Patients and Healthy Controls

Objectives: Mindfulness and self-compassion are related to psychological well-being and can be regarded as personal resources. It is, however, unclear whether these resources are always beneficial (direct effect) or only in stressful circumstances (buffer effect). We therefore examined whether mindfulness and self-compassion are equally or more strongly related to depressive symptoms and affect in cancer patients, compared to healthy controls. Methods: Using a case-control design, 245 cancer patients were matched to 245 healthy controls (without chronic somatic comorbidities). Both groups filled out questionnaires concerning mindfulness (Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire), self-compassion (Self-Compassion Scale), depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale), and affect (Positive and Negative Affect Scale). Using correlation and regression analyses, we examined within both groups the associations for mindfulness (i.e., total score and five facets) and self-compassion (i.e., total score, two factors and six facets) with depressive symptoms and affect. Results: Mindfulness and self-compassion were equally strongly related to depressive symptoms and affect in cancer patients versus healthy controls. Mindfulness facets Act with awareness and Non-judgment were strongly related to depressive symptoms, negative affect, and the negative self-compassion factor. In contrast, mindfulness facets Describe and Observe were strongly related to positive affect and the positive self-compassion factor. When distinguishing the six self-compassion facets, Isolation and Mindfulness were strongly related to depressive symptoms, Over-identification to negative affect, and Mindfulness to positive affect. Conclusions: Results suggest that mindfulness and self-compassion are basic human personal resources associated with psychological functioning, regardless of the presence or absence of stressful life experiences

First-order phase transition during displacement of amphiphilic biomacromolecules from interfaces by surfactant molecules

The adsorption of surfactants onto a hydrophobic interface, already laden with a fixed number of amphiphilic macromolecules, is studied using the self consistent field calculation method of Scheutjens and Fleer. For biopolymers having unfavourable interactions with the surfactant molecules, the adsorption isotherms show an abrupt jump at a certain value of surfactant bulk concentration. Alternatively, the same behaviour is exhibited when the number of amphiphilic chains on the interface is decreased. We show that this sudden jump is associated with a first-order phase transition, by calculating the free energy values for the stable and the metastable states at both sides of the transition point. We also observe that the transition can occur for two approaching surfaces, from a high surfactant coverage phase to a low surfactant coverage one, at sufficiently close separation distances. The consequence of this finding for the steric colloidal interactions, induced by the overlap of two biopolymer + surfactant films, is explored. In particular, a significantly different interaction, in terms of its magnitude and range, is predicted for these two phases. We also consider the relevance of the current study to problems involving the competitive displacement of proteins by surfactants in food colloid systems