A influência histórica dos afluentes na água e sedimento do Delta do Jacuí, RS, Brasil

The high population density in a metropolis leads to socio-environmental impacts that directly affect local water resources. This work evaluated the historical data (between 2000 and 2014) of water and sediment monitoring in the Jacuí’s Delta region and analyzed the relationship between these sites. Seven monitoring sites around the Jacuí's Delta were evaluated: the outflow of the rivers Jacuí, Caí, Sinos, and Gravataí; the channels Ilha da Pintada and Navegantes; and Lake Guaíba. Water data were evaluated for: air and water temperature; depth; pH; electrical conductivity; transparency; turbidity; dissolved oxygen; biochemical oxygen demand; phosphorus; nitrogen; total residues; and escherichia coli. Sediment were evaluated for pseudo-total concentrations of metals (Al, Fe, Ca, Mn, Ba, V, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr, Ni, Co, Li, Be, Cd, Hg, As, and Ag). The quality of water and sediment in the Jacuí's Delta are linked with the tributaries and priority flows of the channels. The historical data of water and sediment around the Jacuí's Delta shows the influence of the tributaries with low quality in the downstream points. The pollution of the rivers Caí, Sinos, and Gravataí negatively affects the environmental quality of the channel Navegantes and Lake Guaíba (catchment points to water supply). The water in those sites presents reductions in dissolved oxygen and high values of coliforms, and the sediment shows high concentrations of metal Zn, Pb, Cr, and Hg. Despite the reduction in Pb and Hg values in the sediment over the past years, pollution from the tributary rivers still persists.A grande densidade populacional nas metrópoles gera impactos socioambientais que afetam diretamente os recursos hídricos locais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os dados históricos (entre 2000 e 2014) de monitoramento de água e sedimentos na região Delta de Jacuí e analisar a relação entre esses locais. Foram avaliados sete locais de monitoramento entorno do Delta de Jacuí: foz dos rios Jacuí, Caí, Sinos e Gravataí; canais Ilha da Pintada e Navegantes; e Lago Guaíba. Os dados de água foram avaliados para: temperatura do ar e da água; profundidade; pH; condutividade elétrica; transparência; turbidez; oxigênio dissolvido; demanda bioquímica de oxigênio; fósforo; nitrogênio; resíduos totais; e escherichia coli. Os sedimentos foram avaliados para concentrações pseudo-totais de metais (Al, Fe, Ca, Mn, Ba, V, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr, Ni, Co, Li, Be, Cd, Hg, As e Ag). A qualidade da água e dos sedimentos no delta de Jacuí está ligada aos afluentes e fluxos prioritários dos canais. Os dados históricos de água e sedimentos no Delta de Jacuí mostram a influência dos afluentes com baixa qualidade nos pontos a jusante. A poluição dos rios Caí, Sinos e Gravataí afeta negativamente a qualidade ambiental do canal Navegantes e do Lago Guaíba (pontos de captação para abastecimento hídrico). A água nesses locais apresenta reduções no oxigênio dissolvido e grandes valores de coliformes e o sedimento apresenta grandes concentrações dos metais Zn, Pb, Cr e Hg. Apesar da redução ao longo dos anos nos valores de Pb e Hg no sedimento, a poluição dos rios tributários ainda persiste

Acidose metabólica na infância: por que, quando e como tratá-la?

Objectives: To critically discuss the treatment of metabolic acidosis and the main mechanisms of disease associated with this disorder; and to describe controversial aspects related to the risks and benefits of using sodium bicarbonate and other therapies.Sources: Review of PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS and Cochrane Library databases for articles published between 1996 and 2006 using the following keywords: metabolic acidosis, lactic acidosis, ketoacidosis, diabetic ketoacidosis, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, sodium bicarbonate, treatment. Classical publications concerning the topic were also reviewed. the most recent and representative were selected, with emphasis on consensus statements and guidelines.Summary of the findings: There is no evidence of benefits resulting from the use of sodium bicarbonate for the hemodynamic status, clinical outcome, morbidity and mortality in high anion gap metabolic acidosis associated with lactic acidosis, diabetic ketoacidosis and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Therefore, the routine use of sodium bicarbonate is not indicated. Potential side effects must be taken into consideration. Treating the underlying disease is essential to reverse the process. the efficacy of other alternative therapies has not been demonstrated in large-scale studies.Conclusions: Despite the known effects of acidemia on the organism in critical situations, a protective role of acidemia in hypoxic cells and the risk of alkalemia secondary to drug interventions are being considered. There is consensus regarding the advantages of alkali and sodium bicarbonate therapy in cases with normal anion gap; however, in the presence of high anion gap acidosis, especially lactic acidosis, diabetic acidosis and cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the use of sodium bicarbonate is not beneficial and has potential adverse effects, limiting its indication. the only points of agreement in the literature refer to the early treatment of the underlying disease and the mechanisms generating metabolic acidemia. Other promising treatment alternatives have been proposed; however, the side effects and absence of controlled studies with pediatric populations translate into lack of evidence to support the routine use of such treatments.Irmandade Santa Casa Miserlcordia São Paulo, Fac Ciencias Med, São Paulo, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BrazilHosp Israelita Albert Einstein, Ctr Terapia Intens Pediat, São Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Fac Med, Dept Pediat, São Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Hosp Clin, Inst Crianca,CTI Pediat, Fac Med, São Paulo, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Simultaneous Therapy with Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implant and Bevacizumab for the Treatment of Macular Edema

To investigate the safety profile and benefits of a short-term simultaneous treatment regimen combining two drugs—an intravitreal implant of dexamethasone with an intravitreal injection of bevacizumab—in patients with macular edema. This was a retrospective, non-randomized, open-label case series study.  Patients were treated between April 2014 and July 2015 and were diagnosed with recurrent macular edema secondary to diabetic retinopathy and retinal vein occlusion. They underwent simultaneous treatment with an intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (1.25 mg) and an intravitreal implant of dexamethasone (0.7 mg). Patients were evaluated at baseline and at each subsequent visit with a complete ophthalmological examination and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans. They were examined 24 hours after the treatment, and then followed up after 30 days and 60 days. Twenty patients (representing 20 eyes) were included in the study. At the time of injection (i.e., baseline), the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.758 ± 0.42 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR). It improved significantly to 0.51 ± 0.33 logMAR at 1 month and to 0.5 ± 0.34 logMAR at 2 months (P ≤ 0.03). The median baseline central macular thickness (CMT) was 542 µm (interquartile range, 466 – 751 µm). The median CMT decreased significantly to 321 µm (interquartile range, 288–381 µm) at 1 month and 310 µm (interquartile range, 286 – 354 µm) at 2 months (P ≤ 0.0002). The mean intraocular pressure (IOP) increased from 14.9 ± 2.29 mmHg (at baseline) to 16.5 ± 2.99 mmHg (P = 0.04) after 2 months. Two (10%) eyes showed cataract progression. There were no other ocular or systemic complications for the duration of this study. Simultaneous therapy combining a dexamethasone implant plus bevacizumab for macular edema may be an attractive treatment regimen with an acceptable safety profile

Influence of earthworms on the microbial properties and extracellular enzyme activities during vermicomposting of raw and distilled grape marc

Financiado para publicación en acceso aberto: Universidade de Vigo/CISUGThe treatment of winery wastes by using appropriate management technologies is of utmost need in order to reduce to a minimum their disposal and avoid negative environmental impacts. This is of particular interest for grape marc, the main solid by-product of the winery industry. However, comparative studies on a pilot-scale dealing with the impact of earthworms on marc derived from both red and white grape varieties during vermicomposting are still scarce. The present study sought to evaluate the changes in the biochemical and microbiological properties of red and white raw marc in the presence and the absence of the earthworm species Eisenia andrei. The distilled marc obtained through distillation of the red grape marc was also considered under this scenario. Samples were taken after 14, 28, 42, and 63 days of vermicomposting. On day 14 earthworms led to a pronounced increase in most of the enzymatic activities, but only in those vermireactors fed with raw marc from the red grape variety. Alfa- and beta-glucosidase as well as chitinase and leucine-aminopeptidase activities were between 3 to 5-times higher relative to the control, while alkaline phosphomonoesterase was even up to 14-fold higher with earthworm presence. From day 28 onwards the magnitude of earthworms’ effect on the studied enzymes was also dependent on the type of grape marc. Reduced values of basal respiration, ranging between 200 and 350 mg CO2 kg OM h−1 and indicative of stabilized materials were found in the resulting vermicomposts. Moreover, the content of macro- and micronutrients in the end products matched with those considered to have the quality criteria of a good vermicompost. Altogether, these findings reinforce the effectiveness of vermicomposting for the biological stabilization of grape marc with the dual purpose of fertilizer production and environmental protection.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad | Ref. AGL2017-86813-RMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad | Ref. RYC-2016-21231Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED431B 2019/038Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED431F 2018/0

Characterization and mass balance of trace elements in an iron ore sinter plant

AbstractEnvironmental legislation is becoming more restrictive in several industrial sectors, especially in the steel industry, which is well known for its large pollution potential. With the recent growth of interest in effects of trace elements on the environment and health, the inclusion of emission limits on these elements in this legislation has become increasingly popular. This article aims to describe the partitioning of trace elements between the products (sinter) and plant emissions in an iron ore sinter plant, aiming to better understand the behavior of these elements in the sintering process to eventually support interventions to modify these partitions. Chemical characterization of several sintering inputs was initially performed, revealing that the steel-making residues contained large concentrations of trace elements, whereas low concentrations were observed in the flux. Based on the trace element concentrations, we analyzed the injection of trace elements in a sintering pilot using a sintering mixture. Mass balance was then used to determine the theoretical partitioning of trace elements in the sinter and emissions; cadmium, nickel, lead, mercury, and copper exhibited greater tendencies to concentrate in atmospheric emissions

Iemanjá, da África para o Brasil: mitologia e identidade

A história de Iemanjá é extremamente rica e ambígua. Na África, a imagem deste orixá está relacionada à vida do povo nagô, que enfatiza sua qualidade de mãe de todos os orixás, de mulher sexualizada, de senhora das grandes águas. No Brasil, outros aspectos sobrevieram, apagando, inclusive, algumas características centrais dela, tal qual era compreendida. Na passagem da África para o Brasil, as narrativas acerca de Iemanjá se transformaram, principalmente ao serem incorporados aspectos de outras mitologias europeias e ameríndias. De fato, a narrativa dos mitos contém em si não apenas aspectos da mística de um povo, mas também um poder civilizatório, que é cosmológico, sociológico e pedagógico. Por isso, as narrativas podem ser compreendidas como engendradoras de identidade, visto que, o fato de narrar uma história, ficcional ou não, tem o poder de estruturar culturalmente um povo

Soil microbial activity under wastewater treatment plant sludge doses from an industrial landfill

A destinação final adequada dos resíduos sólidos industriais é um dos principais problemas ambientais. A disposição de resíduos orgânicos em solos pode ser recomendada, dado o potencial corretivo e fertilizante deste. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito em solos da adição de doses de lodo de estação de tratamento de efluentes (ETE) de um aterro industrial na atividade microbiana, avaliada pela mineralização de carbono. Foi desenvolvido experimento em frascos respirométricos, analisando a mineralização de carbono em três solos, com cinco doses de lodo durante 91 dias de incubação. A aplicação de lodo com 2Mg ha-1 causou menores impactos à microbiota do solo, não apresentando diferenças em relação ao tratamento controle. Os valores de carbono mineralizado aumentaram com o tempo de incubação em função da adição do lodo, proporcionalmente ao aumento das doses de lodo. A atividade microbiana aumentou com a aplicação de doses de lodo de ETE de aterro industrial, sendo a mineralização de carbono proporcional às doses adicionadas.The final disposal of industrial solid waste is a major environmental problem. Disposal of organic wastes in soils can be recommended as corrective and fertilizer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different doses of wastewater treatment plant sludge (WWTP) from an industrial landfill on soils based in microbial activity measured by carbon mineralization. The experiment was developed in respirometric flasks, analyzing carbon mineralization in three soils with five doses of sludge during 91 days of incubation. Application of sewage sludge with 2 Mg ha-1 caused minor impacts on soil microorganisms, without statistical differences to the control treatment. Amounts of mineralized carbon increased with the time course due to the addition of sludge, proportional to the doses of sludge. Microbial activity increased with the application of WWTP sludge doses of industrial landfill, with mineralization proportional to the increase in carbon added doses

Patients with Chagas Disease and Cardiac Arrest Treated at the Emergency Department of a Reference Hospital in Brazil

People with Chagas disease are at a higher risk of death due to cardiac arrest (CA). Considering that Chagas disease remains a serious health problem in Latin America, studies in this regard are still needed. The aim of this study was to present 2 patients with Chagas that developed CA and were treated at the emergency department of a reference hospital in Brazil (Sao Paulo city). Case one: Male (73 years old and Caucasian) with a history of systemic arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, liver cirrhosis, and Chagas disease associated with megacolon and megaesophagus. After cardiac collapse and 30 minutes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), unfortunately the patient died. Case two: A female patient (64 years old and Caucasian), with a history of systemic arterial hypertension, obesity, and Chagas disease. After 23 days of hospitalization, pharmacological therapy, and implantation of a cardioverter defibrillator, the patient was discharged. People with Chagas disease are at a higher risk of CA. The researchers believe that a prompt and efficient treatment (advanced life support) allied with educational programs on CA recognition targeted at health professionals and caregivers (basic life support knowledge) could improve the prognoses of these patients.UFES, CEFD, Espirito Santo, ES, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo UNIFESP, Escola Paulista Enfermagem, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Fisiol, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo UNIFESP, Escola Paulista Med, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Goias, Setor Fisiol Humana & Exercicio, Goiania, Go, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo UNIFESP, Escola Paulista Enfermagem, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Fisiol, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo UNIFESP, Escola Paulista Med, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Classificação física e composição química do café submetido a diferentes tratamentos fungicidas

The objective of this work was to ascertain the influence of different fungal disease control methods for coffee (Coffea arabica L.) on the physical classification and chemical composition of coffee beans These practices were undertaken in agricultural years 2002/03 and 2003/04. A completely random design was used with subdivided plots, using repetitions in 2 x 3 factorial scheme, and two harvests and three fungicide treatments (systemic fungicide, trade name Ópera®, cupric fungicide, trade name Cobox®, and non-treated control with fungicides). The fruits were separated in parchment and floaters. The quality evaluations of the beans took place through physical and chemical analyses. The Opera® and Cobox® fungicide treatments influence the classification by type and the chemical composition of the floaters in a positive way. The Opera® fungicide provides higher results in total sugars of floaters.Objetivando verificar a influência de diferentes métodos de controle de doenças fúngicas do cafeeiro (Coffea arabica L.) na classificação física e na composição química dos grãos de café, foi conduzido este ensaio nos anos agrícolas 2002/03 e 2003/04. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com parcelas subdivididas, utilizando quatro repetições, em esquema fatorial 2 x 3, compreendendo duas safras e três tratamentos fungicidas (fungicida sistêmico, nome comercial Ópera®, fungicida cúprico, nome comercial Cobox®, e testemunha não tratada com fungicidas). Os frutos foram separados em cereja descascado e boia. Os tratamentos fungicidas Ópera® e Cobox® utilizados para o controle da ferrugem e cercóspora, influenciam de maneira positiva a classificação por tipo e a composição química do café boia. A aplicação do fungicida Ópera® proporciona melhores resultados nos teores de açúcares totais do café boia do que os demais tratamentos aplicados