Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Avaliação do impacto da reengenharia nas grandes empresas do Brasil Assessment of the impact of reengineering on large Brazilian enterprises

Este artigo analisa a implantação dos processos de Reengenharia em empresas no Brasil. É um estudo estatístico para revelar o que está ocorrendo, em termos de mudanças radicais, nas organizações brasileiras. Em termos gerais, a metodologia utilizada é a mesma que a de um estudo similar realizado em empresas norte-americanas. Assim sendo, além de tirarmos interessantes e importantes conclusões sobre a situação brasileira, foi também possível comparar os principais resultados com o caso norte-americano.This study analyses B.P.R. (Business Process Reengineering) processes in Brazil. It is a statistical study to reveal what is happenning in terms of the radical changes occurring in Brazilian Organizations. In general terms, the methodology that was applied is the same as that utilized in a similar study in the United States. Therefore, besides drawing interesting and important conclusions about the Brazilian situation, it was also possible to compare the main results with the North-American study

Um sistema de controle da produção para a manufatura celular. Parte II: um sistema de emissão de ordens e programação de operações A production control system to the cellular manufacturing. Part II: ordering system and operations scheduling

Este artigo e o da Parte I (Sistema de Apoio à Decisão para a Elaboração do Programa Mestre de Produção) fazem parte de um trabalho que visa integrar todas as atividades de programação da produção dentro do contexto de um Sistema de Controle da Produção, concebido para operar na manufatura celular semi-repetitiva. Na Parte I explicamos o que entendemos por manufatura celular semi-repetitiva. O sistema proposto foi concebido e implementado no computador em 3 módulos (nível de produto final, de componentes e de operações). O primeiro foi tratado no artigo da Parte I, enquanto que os outros dois módulos são tratados neste artigo (Parte II). Em cada um deles existem contribuições relevantes para a literatura especializada.This paper, along with that of Part I (“A decision support system for elaborating the master production scheduling”), constitutes part of a research project that aims to integrate all production scheduling activities in a semi-repetitive cellular manufacturing environment. In the paper of Part I we clarify what we mean by semi-repetitive cellular manufacturing, and in so doing, we make a production systems classification and a cellular manufacturing taxonomy. The proposed system was conceptualized and computationally implemented in three modules (product, components and operations levels). The first level is treated in the paper of Part I and the other two levels are treated in this paper

Um sistema de controle da produção para a manufatura celular parte I: sistema de apoio à decisão para a elaboração do programa mestre de produção A production control system to the cellular manufacturing part I: decision support system for elaborating the master production scheduling

Este artigo e mais o artigo Parte II (Emissão de Ordens e Programação de Operações) fazem parte de um trabalho que visa integrar todas as atividades de programação da produção dentro do contexto de um Sistema de Controle da Produção, concebido para operar na manufatura celular semi-repetitiva. Para deixarmos claro o que entendemos por manufatura celular semi-repetitiva fazemos uma classificação dos sistemas de produção e uma taxonomia da manufatura celular. O sistema proposto foi concebido e implementado computacionalmente em 3 módulos (nível de produto final, de componentes e de operações). O primeiro é tratado neste artigo (Parte I), enquanto que outros dois módulos são tratados no outro artigo (Parte II).<br>This paper and that of Part II (ordering system and operations scheduling) aims to integrate all production scheduling activities in a semi-repetitive cellular manufacturing environment. With the aim of clarifying what we mean by semi-repetitive cellular manufacturing, we have made a production systems classification and a cellular manufacturing taxonomy. The proposed system was conceptualized and computationally implemented in three modules (product, component and operation levels). The first level is treated in this paper and the other two are treated in the Part II