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Assessing time knowledge in children aged 10 to 11 years
The acquisition of time knowledge involves learning how to read clocks, estimate time, read dates and learn about temporal sequences. Evidence suggests that many of these competencies are acquired by 10 years of age although not all children may follow this developmental path. The main purpose of this study was to collect normative data for a screening tool that assesses time knowledge. These data identify the prevalence and pattern of difficulties with time knowledge among a UK sample of Year 6 pupils (aged 10 to 11 years). The Time Screening Assessment tool (Doran, Dutt & Pembery, 2015), designed to assess time knowledge, was administered individually to a sample of 79 children. Findings revealed a median overall score of 32 out of a maximum score of 36. 25% of children performed at or close to ceiling, however seven children scored more than -1.5 standard deviations below the mean. The value of these findings to practitioners working with children in schools is discussed
Integrated care and the working record
By default, many discussions and specifications of electronic health records or integrated care records often conceptualize the record as a passive information repository. This article presents data from a case study of work in a medical unit in a major metropolitan hospital. It shows how the clinicians tailored, re-presented and augmented clinical information to support their own roles in the delivery of care for individual patients. This is referred to as the working record: a set of complexly interrelated clinician-centred documents that are locally evolved, maintained and used to support delivery of care in conjunction with the more patient-centred chart that will be stored in the medical records department on the patient’s discharge. Implications are drawn for how an integrated care record could support the local tailorability and flexibility that underpin this working record and hence underpin practice
Contemporary climatic analogs for 540 North American urban areas in the late 21st century
It is challenging to communicate abstract future climate estimates. Here the authors utilized climate-analog mapping and they identified that North American urban areas’ climate by the 2080’s will become similar to the contemporary climate of locations hundreds of kilometers away and mainly to the south, while many urban areas will have no modern equivalent analogs under the RCP8.5 scenario
: a Python "smuggler" for constructing lightweight reproducible notebooks
Reproducibility is a core requirement of modern scientific research. For
computational research, reproducibility means that code should produce the same
results, even when run on different systems. A standard approach to ensuring
reproducibility entails packaging a project's dependencies along with its
primary code base. Existing solutions vary in how deeply these dependencies are
specified, ranging from virtual environments, to containers, to virtual
machines. Each of these existing solutions requires installing or setting up a
system for running the desired code, increasing the complexity and time cost of
sharing or engaging with reproducible science. Here, we propose a
lighter-weight solution: the package. When used in combination
with a notebook-based Python project, provides a mechanism for
specifying (and automatically installing) the correct versions of the project's
dependencies. The package further ensures that those packages
and specific versions are used every time the notebook's code is executed. This
enables researchers to share a complete reproducible copy of their code within
a single Jupyter notebook file
Lessons from crossing symmetry at large N
20 pages, v2: Assumptions stated more clearly, version published in JHEPWe consider the four-point correlator of the stress tensor multiplet in N=4 SYM. We construct all solutions consistent with crossing symmetry in the limit of large central charge c ~ N^2 and large g^2 N. While we find an infinite tower of solutions, we argue most of them are suppressed by an extra scale \Delta_{gap} and are consistent with the upper bounds for the scaling dimension of unprotected operators observed in the numerical superconformal bootstrap at large central charge. These solutions organize as a double expansion in 1/c and 1/\Delta_{gap}. Our solutions are valid to leading order in 1/c and to all orders in 1/\Delta_{gap} and reproduce, in particular, instanton corrections previously found. Furthermore, we find a connection between such upper bounds and positivity constraints arising from causality in flat space. Finally, we show that certain relations derived from causality constraints for scattering in AdS follow from crossing symmetry.Peer reviewe
New Ultraviolet Extinction Curves for Interstellar Dust in M31
New low-resolution UV spectra of a sample of reddened OB stars in M31 were
obtained with HST/STIS to study the wavelength dependence of interstellar
extinction and the nature of the underlying dust grain populations. Extinction
curves were constructed for four reddened sightlines in M31 paired with closely
matching stellar atmosphere models. The new curves have a much higher S/N than
previous studies. Direct measurements of N(H I) were made using the Ly
absorption lines enabling gas-to-dust ratios to be calculated. The sightlines
have a range in galactocentric distance of 5 to 14 kpc and represent dust from
regions of different metallicities and gas-to-dust ratios. The metallicities
sampled range from Solar to 1.5 Solar. The measured curves show similarity to
those seen in the Milky Way and the Large Magellanic Cloud. The Maximum Entropy
Method was used to investigate the dust composition and size distribution for
the sightlines observed in this program finding that the extinction curves can
be produced with the available carbon and silicon abundances if the metallicity
is super-Solar.Comment: ApJ, in press, 9 pages, 5 figure
Contour-time approach to the Bose-Hubbard model in the strong coupling regime: Studying two-point spatio-temporal correlations at the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov level
We develop a formalism that allows the study of correlations in space and
time in both the superfluid and Mott insulating phases of the Bose-Hubbard
Model. Specifically, we obtain a two particle irreducible effective action
within the contour-time formalism that allows for both equilibrium and out of
equilibrium phenomena. We derive equations of motion for both the superfluid
order parameter and two-point correlation functions. To assess the accuracy of
this formalism, we study the equilibrium solution of the equations of motion
and compare our results to existing strong coupling methods as well as exact
methods where possible. We discuss applications of this formalism to out of
equilibrium situations.Comment: 41 pages, 7 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with
arXiv:1606.0411
Can explicit training in Cued Speech improve phoneme identification?
When identifying phonemes in new spoken words, lipreading is an important source of information for many deaf people. Because many groups of phonemes are virtually indistinguishable by sight, deaf people are able to identify about 30% of phonemes when lipreading non-words. Cued speech (CS) is a system of hand shapes and hand positions used alongside speech to disambiguate similarities in lip patterns. Deaf children exposed to CS from under 3 years of age go on to develop age-appropriate language and literacy skills. However, there are no studies evaluating the explicit training of CS with older deaf children. This study is the first part of a long-term project to develop and evaluate a computer-delivered programme to teach school-aged deaf children to recognize cued phonemes. Sixty-two adult hearing participants were allocated to a single training session in one of three training conditions: cued speech training (CST), lipreading training and auditory training in noise. They were all tested on their ability to identify 13 phonemes in non-words when denied access to sound. The CST group made highly significant improvements in identifying cued phonemes and these changes could not be explained by lipreading practice or familiarization with a closed set of phonemes. Improvements generalized to non-words that were not used in training. This suggests that explicit training in CS could help deaf children to identify cued phonemes in new words. Practical implications of introducing the teaching of CS to selected deaf children are discussed
New Perspective on Galaxy Clustering as a Cosmological Probe: General Relativistic Effects
We present a general relativistic description of galaxy clustering in a FLRW
universe. The observed redshift and position of galaxies are affected by the
matter fluctuations and the gravity waves between the source galaxies and the
observer, and the volume element constructed by using the observables differs
from the physical volume occupied by the observed galaxies. Therefore, the
observed galaxy fluctuation field contains additional contributions arising
from the distortion in observable quantities and these include tensor
contributions as well as numerous scalar contributions. We generalize the
linear bias approximation to relate the observed galaxy fluctuation field to
the underlying matter distribution in a gauge-invariant way. Our full formalism
is essential for the consistency of theoretical predictions. As our first
application, we compute the angular auto correlation of large-scale structure
and its cross correlation with CMB temperature anisotropies. We comment on the
possibility of detecting primordial gravity waves using galaxy clustering and
discuss further applications of our formalism.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review
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