5,126 research outputs found
What drives change? A framework to observe and understand broad-‐ scale change in river basins
Development in river basins is strongly influenced by a range of non-‐random factors, called global drivers. These can present a bewildering array of effects that confound concerted action. This report summarizes these effects with the CPWF’s six basins and presents a method of visualizing them together within a process of scenario visualization
First observations of volcanic eruption clouds from the L1 Earth-Sun Lagrange point by DSCOVR/EPIC
Volcanic sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions have been measured by ultraviolet sensors on polar‐orbiting satellites for several decades but with limited temporal resolution. This precludes studies of key processes believed to occur in young (~1–3 hr old) volcanic clouds. In 2015, the launch of the Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera (EPIC) aboard the Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR) provided an opportunity for novel observations of volcanic eruption clouds from the first Earth‐Sun Lagrange point (L1). The L1 vantage point provides continuous observations of the sunlit Earth, offering up to eight or nine observations of volcanic SO2 clouds in the DSCOVR/EPIC field of view at ~1‐hr intervals. Here we demonstrate DSCOVR/EPIC\u27s sensitivity to volcanic SO2 using several volcanic eruptions from the tropics to midlatitudes. The hourly cadence of DSCOVR/EPIC observations permits more timely measurements of volcanic SO2 emissions, improved trajectory modeling, and novel analyses of the temporal evolution of volcanic clouds
Evolution of the most recent common ancestor of a population with no selection
We consider the evolution of a population of fixed size with no selection.
The number of generations to reach the first common ancestor evolves in
time. This evolution can be described by a simple Markov process which allows
one to calculate several characteristics of the time dependence of . We also
study how is correlated to the genetic diversity.Comment: 21 pages, 10 figures, uses RevTex4 and feynmf.sty Corrections :
introduction and conclusion rewritten, references adde
Iron supplementation to treat anaemia in adult critical care patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Anaemia affects 60-80 % of patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs). Allogeneic red blood cell (RBC) transfusions remain the mainstay of treatment for anaemia but are associated with risks and are costly. Our objective was to assess the efficacy and safety of iron supplementation by any route, in anaemic patients in adult ICUs.Electronic databases (CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE) were searched through March 2016 for randomized controlled trials (RCT)s comparing iron by any route with placebo/no iron. Primary outcomes were red blood cell transfusions and mean haemoglobin concentration. Secondary outcomes included mortality, infection, ICU and hospital length of stay, mean difference (MD) in iron biomarkers, health-related quality of life and adverse events.Five RCTs recruiting 665 patients met the inclusion criteria; intravenous iron was tested in four of the RCTs. There was no difference in allogeneic RBC transfusion requirements (relative risk 0.87, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.70 to 1.07, p = 0.18, five trials) or mean number of RBC units transfused (MD -0.45, 95 % CI -1.34 to 0.43, p = 0.32, two trials) in patients receiving or not receiving iron. Similarly, there was no difference between groups in haemoglobin at short-term (up to 10 days) (MD -0.25, 95 % CI -0.79 to 0.28, p = 0.35, three trials) or mid-term follow up (last measured time point in hospital or end of trial) (MD 0.21, 95 % CI -0.13 to 0.55, p = 0.23, three trials). There was no difference in secondary outcomes of mortality, in-hospital infection, or length of stay. Risk of bias was generally low although three trials had high risk of attrition bias; only one trial had low risk of bias across all domains.Iron supplementation does not reduce RBC transfusion requirements in critically ill adults, but there is considerable heterogeneity between trials in study design, nature of interventions, and outcomes. Well-designed trials are needed to investigate the optimal iron dosing regimens and strategies to identify which patients are most likely to benefit from iron, together with patient-focused outcomes.PROSPERO International prospective register of systematic reviews CRD42015016627 . Registered 2 March 2015
Non-Universal Quasi-Long Range Order in the Glassy Phase of Impure Superconductors
The structural correlation functions of a weakly disordered Abrikosov lattice
are calculated for the first time in a systematic RG-expansion in d=4-\epsilon
dimensions. It is shown, that in the asymptotic limit the Abrikosov lattice
exhibits still quasi long range translational order described by a
non-universal exponent \bar\eta_{\bf G} which depends on the ratio of the
renormalized elastic constants \kappa =\tilde c_{66}/\tilde c_{11} of the flux
line (FL) lattice. Our calculations show clearly three distinct scaling regimes
corresponding to the Larkin, the manifold and the asymptotic Bragg glass
regime. On a wide range of intermediate length scales the FL displacement
correlation function increases as a power law with twice of the manifold
roughness exponent \zeta_{rm}(\kappa), which is also non-universal. Our
results, in particular the \kappa-dependence of the exponents, are in variance
with those of the variational treatment with replica symmetry breaking which
allows in principle an experimental discrimination between the two approaches.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Cerebellar developmental deficits underlie neurodegenerative disorder spinocerebellar ataxia type 23
Contains fulltext :
231334.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access
Test of Replica Theory: Thermodynamics of 2D Model Systems with Quenched Disorder
We study the statistics of thermodynamic quantities in two related systems
with quenched disorder: A (1+1)-dimensional planar lattice of elastic lines in
a random potential and the 2-dimensional random bond dimer model. The first
system is examined by a replica-symmetric Bethe ansatz (RBA) while the latter
is studied numerically by a polynomial algorithm which circumvents slow glassy
dynamics. We establish a mapping of the two models which allows for a detailed
comparison of RBA predictions and simulations. Over a wide range of disorder
strength, the effective lattice stiffness and cumulants of various
thermodynamic quantities in both approaches are found to agree excellently. Our
comparison provides, for the first time, a detailed quantitative confirmation
of the replica approach and renders the planar line lattice a unique testing
ground for concepts in random systems.Comment: 16 pages, 14 figure
Association of Demographic Factors and Comorbid Diagnoses with Crime Typein an Arrest Cohort with Schizophrenia and/or Related Psychosis
The implications of the interface between the criminal justice system and individuals with schizophrenia persist despite decades of research on criminalization and risk of arrest. Research exploring the broader construct of criminality has predominantly focused on individuals with severe mental illness as a collective. This study diverges from others by examining diagnoses comorbid with schizophrenia and related psychoses and their relationships with risk of arrest across a spectrum of criminal categories ranging in severity
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