Le rôle de la similarité visuelle des lettres dans la dyslexie lettre-par-lettre

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal

Photographie d'art et culture visuelle contemporaines : vers des pratiques photographiques technologiques

Cette thèse souhaite exposer la nature fluide, mobile, mouvante de la photographie contemporaine et clarifier les usages et les valeurs actuels de la photographie dans le milieu artistique et dans les pratiques socioculturelles. Nous proposons l’hypothèse d’une interpénétration des pratiques photographiques artistiques et amateures en régime contemporain par le biais du concept de technologie (tekhnè), tel que déployé dans les écrits du philosophe allemand Martin Heidegger. La réflexion prend appui sur les oeuvres d’artistes modernes (Yves Klein, Shunk/Kender) et contemporains (Taryn Simon, Penelope Umbrico, Li Wei, Wendy McMurdo), ainsi que sur différents corpus de pratiques photographiques professionnelles (photojournalisme et photoreportage, documentation gouvernementale officielle) ou non-professionnelles (images prises sur des blogues et des médias sociaux). Une étude comparative de ces images variées permettra de développer une réflexion sur la photographie récente en continuité avec les pratiques imagières des 19e et 20e siècles, qui traduisent un rapport à l’espace qui serait atopique et un rapport au temps qui serait métamoderne.This thesis explores the moving, mobile and fluid nature of contemporary photography by clarifying current uses and values of photographic practices in artistic and socio-cultural circles. We posit the interpenetration of artistic and amateur photography in a contemporary regime by way of the concept of technology (tekhnè) as deployed in the writings of German philosopher Martin Heidegger. This analysis builds on works by modern (Yves Klein, Shunk/Kender) and contemporary artists (Taryn Simon, Penelope Umbrico, Li Wei, Wendy McMurdo), as well as different types of professional and non-professional practices (photojournalism, official documentation, images taken on blogs or social media). A comparative study of these images will allow us to reflect on recent photography in continuity with imaging practices of the 19th and 20th centuries, defining an atopic relationship to space and a metamodern relationship to time

Physician Screening for Intimate Partner Violence in Vermont

Introduction: The term intimate partner violence (or IPV) refers to a threat of abuse or actual psychological, physical, and/or sexual abuse perpetrated by a former or current intimate partner. IPV is an important public health issue that crosses socioeconomic lines. Approximately 4.8 million women experience physical or sexual assault perpetrated by their intimate partner each year in the US. There are no reliable statistics for how many women suffer psychological abuse, but the numbers are likely much higher. Physical, psychological, or sexual injuries can have wide ranging effects, including increased mortality. Although it has been firmly established that the prevalence of IPV is high, physician involvement in screening and diagnosing IPV has historically been very low. Previous studies have addressed IPV screening in other parts of the country. In one study, less than 15% of female patients reported being asked by a health professional about IPV, even though studies have shown that the majority of female patients would reveal their abuse if asked. Also, most physicians screened for IPV when the patient presented with physical trauma, but few screened all patients regularly. The more aware physicians were about IPV, the more likely they were to screen in all clinical settings. While both men and women are victims of IPV, and IPV can have a large effect on the children of the abused, only the screening and treatment of women was explored here. The purpose of this study was to examine the state of IPV screening in Vermont. The objectives were as follows: - ?Estimate the IPV screening, intervention, and policy practices of Vermont physicians ?- Examine the role of physicians in screening and intervention ?- Explore physicians’ knowledge of IPV resourceshttps://scholarworks.uvm.edu/comphp_gallery/1042/thumbnail.jp

Étudiant(e)s de niveau collégial ayant des incapacités College students with disabilities

"La présente recherche a été subventionnée par le Ministère de l'éducation dans le cadre du Programme d'aide à la recherche sur l'enseignement et l'apprentissage (PAREA)"Titre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 8 déc. 2006)Également disponible en version papierBibliogr

Reading between Eye Saccades

Background: Skilled adult readers, in contrast to beginners, show no or little increase in reading latencies as a function of the number of letters in words up to seven letters. The information extraction strategy underlying such efficiency in word identification is still largely unknown, and methods that allow tracking of the letter information extraction through time between eye saccades are needed to fully address this question. Methodology/Principal Findings: The present study examined the use of letter information during reading, by means of the Bubbles technique. Ten participants each read 5,000 five-letter French words sampled in space-time within a 200 ms window. On the temporal dimension, our results show that two moments are especially important during the information extraction process. On the spatial dimension, we found a bias for the upper half of words. We also show for the first time that letter positions four, one, and three are particularly important for the identification of five-letter words. Conclusions/Significance: Our findings are consistent with either a partially parallel reading strategy or an optimal serial reading strategy. We show using computer simulations that this serial reading strategy predicts an absence of a wordlength effect for words from four- to seven letters in length. We believe that the Bubbles technique will play an importan

The eyes are not the window to basic emotions

a b s t r a c t Facial expressions are one of the most important ways to communicate our emotional state. In popular culture and in the scientific literature on face processing, the eye area is often conceived as a very important -if not the most important -cue for the recognition of facial expressions. In support of this, an underutilization of the eye area is often observed in clinical populations with a deficit in the recognition of facial expressions of emotions. Here, we used the Bubbles technique to verify which facial cue is the most important when it comes to discriminating between eight static and dynamic facial expressions (i.e., six basic emotions, pain and a neutral expression). We found that the mouth area is the most important cue for both static and dynamic facial expressions. We conducted an ideal observer analysis on the static expressions and determined that the mouth area is the most informative. However, we found an underutilization of the eye area by human participants in comparison to the ideal observer. We then demonstrated that the mouth area contains the most discriminative motions across expressions. We propose that the greater utilization of the mouth area by the human participants might come from remnants of the strategy the brain has developed with dynamic stimuli, and/or from a strategy whereby the most informative area is prioritized due to the limited capacity of the visuo-cognitive system

The role of spatial frequencies for facial pain categorization

Studies on low-level visual information underlying pain categorization have led to inconsistent findings. Some show an advantage for low spatial frequency information (SFs) and others a preponderance of mid SFs. This study aims to clarify this gap in knowledge since these results have different theoretical and practical implications, such as how far away an observer can be in order to categorize pain. This study addresses this question by using two complementary methods: a data-driven method without a priori expectations about the most useful SFs for pain recognition and a more ecological method that simulates the distance of stimuli presentation. We reveal a broad range of important SFs for pain recognition starting from low to relatively high SFs and showed that performance is optimal in a short to medium distance (1.2–4.8 m) but declines significantly when mid SFs are no longer available. This study reconciles previous results that show an advantage of LSFs over HSFs when using arbitrary cutoffs, but above all reveal the prominent role of mid-SFs for pain recognition across two complementary experimental tasks

Does face inversion change spatial frequency tuning?

International audienceThe authors examined spatial frequency (SF) tuning of upright and inverted face identification using an SF variant of the Bubbles technique (F. Gosselin & P. G. Schyns, 2001). In Experiment 1, they validated the SF Bubbles technique in a plaid detection task. In Experiments 2a-c, the SFs used for identifying upright and inverted inner facial features were investigated. Although a clear inversion effect was present (mean accuracy was 24% higher and response times 455 ms shorter for upright faces), SF tunings were remarkably similar in both orientation conditions (mean r = .98; an SF band of 1.9 octaves centered at 9.8 cycles per face width for faces of about 6 degrees ). In Experiments 3a and b, the authors demonstrated that their technique is sensitive to both subtle bottom-up and top-down induced changes in SF tuning, suggesting that the null results of Experiments 2a-c are real. The most parsimonious explanation of the findings is provided by the quantitative account of the face inversion effect: The same information is used for identifying upright and inverted inner facial features, but processing has greater sensitivity with the former