Formulations of desensitizing toothpastes for dentin hypersensitivity: a scoping review

Objective: This study aimed to review evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to describe: 1) the active ingredients and desensitizing toothpaste brands; 2) the evaluation of these active ingredients over time, and 3) the fluoride and abrasive content in the formulations designed to treat dentin hypersensitivity (DH). Methodology: In total, 138 RCTs and their tested toothpastes were included. Searches were updated up to August 19, 2021. Formulations, reported brands, active ingredients over time, and type of fluoride (ionizable or ionic fluoride) and abrasive (calcium or silica-based) were analyzed (PROSPERO #CRD42018086815). Results: Our trials assessed 368 toothpaste formulations, including 34 placebo (9%), 98 control toothpastes with fluoride (27%), and 236 (64%) with active ingredients to treat DH. We tested the following active ingredients: potassium compounds (n=68, 19%), calcium sodium phosphosilicate (CSP) (n=37, 10%), strontium compounds (n=28, 8%), arginine (n=29, 8%), stannous fluoride (SnF2) (n=21, 6%), hydroxyapatite (n=9, 2%), potassium combined with another active ingredient (n=19, 5%), inorganic salt compounds (n=11, 3%), citrate (n=5, 1%), formaldehyde (n=3, 1%), herbal (n=4, 1%), copolymer (n=1, 0.5%), and trichlorophosphate (TCP) (n=1, 0.5%). The number of toothpaste formulations increased since 1968, with the greatest increment after 2010. Most toothpastes described their type of fluoride as sodium monofluorphosphate (MFP) (n=105, 29%) and NaF (n=82, 22%), with silica-based (n=84, 23%) and calcium-based (n=64, 17%) abrasives. Conclusion: Patients and dentists enjoy an increasing number of brands and active ingredients to decide what desensitizing toothpaste to use. The most common types of fluoride are MFP and NaF

Shame from Smiling and Speaking Due to Oral Health Problems in Brazilian Adolescents: A Nationwide Population-Based Study

Objective: To investigate the association between oral health problems and being ashamed of smiling or speaking among Brazilian adolescents. Material and Methods: This was a population-based cross-sectional study carried out with secondary data from 7,328 12-year-old Brazilian adolescents from the latest Brazilian national oral health survey (SB Brasil 2010). The question “In the previous 6 months, have you been ashamed of smiling or speaking due to your teeth?” was the outcome variable. Calibrated examiners performed clinical examinations on adolescents for the diagnosis of dental caries (DMF-T), dental trauma, dental fluorosis and occlusal alterations. Data were analyzed descriptively and by Poisson unadjusted and adjusted Poisson regression analysis (p<0.05). The final model was controlled by family income. Results: The prevalence of being ashamed of smiling or speaking was 13.6%. The following variables were associated with the outcome: female sex (PR=1.33; 95% CI: 1.17-1.53), cavitated dental caries on upper incisors (PR=1.81; 95% CI: 1.51-2.15), dental trauma (PR=1.36; 95% CI:1.16-1.60), increased maxillary overjet (PR=1.36; 95% CI:1.18-1.57), dental crowding (PR=1.60; 95% CI:1.40-1.83), midline diastema (PR=1.30; 95% CI:1.11-1.44), tooth loss (PR=1.45; 95% CI:1.16-1.80), mild/questionable dental fluorosis (PR=1.23; 95% CI:1.06-1.44) and moderate/severe dental fluorosis (PR=1.67; 95% CI:1.15-2.44). Conclusion: Oral health problems that impact dental aesthetics were predisposing factors for being ashamed of smiling or speaking in Brazilian adolescents

Osteoradionecrosis prevalence and associated factors : a ten years retrospective study

Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) is one of the most serious complications of head and neck radiotherapy and is considered a public health problem worldwide. This study aims to determine the prevalence and associated factors of ORN in patients undergoing radiotherapy for head and neck malignancy. A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted, in which all medical records of patients undergoing head and neck radiation in the period between 2006 to 2015 (10 years) were examined. Clinical and demographic data were extracted. Multivariate Poisson regression analysis with robust variance was employed to access the relationship between ORN and independent variables (p<0.05; 95% CI). The sample comprised 413 medical records of patients undergoing radiotherapy. The prevalence of ORN was 9.7 %. Most participants were males (78.2%). The mean age of subjects was 55 years (± 14 years). The mandible was the main site of occurrence of ORN (85.0%). The following variables were associated with ORN : presence of oral mucositis (PR = 3.03; 95% CI: 1.30-7.03), history of smoking (PR = 0.23; 95% CI: 0.07-0.74), number of teeth removed before radiotherapy (PR = 1.06; 95% CI: 1.01-1.11) and visit to the dentist before radiation (PR = 0.08; 95% CI: 1.02-1.11). The prevalence of ORN was low and was associated with the presence of oral mucositis and the number of removed teeth before radiation. Visiting the dentist before radiotherapy and stop-ping smoking were protective factors for ORN

Human Development and Dental Caries in 12-Year-Old Brazilian Schoolchildren

Objective: To investigate the correlation between human development and dental caries in 12-year-old schoolchildren from the twenty-seven Brazilian states and to analyze the spatial distribution of these variables. Material and Methods: This was an ecological study using secondary data from the National Epidemiological Oral Health Survey 2010 and from the United Nations Development Program. Human development was measured by the Human Development Index (HDI) and dental caries by the Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth index (DMFT). Dental caries prevalence and experience at the age of 12, and state HDI were entered into Google Sheets® and Google My Maps® for map creation. Data were analyzed by Pearson’s correlation (HDI and DMFT, DMFT individual components, prevalence of dental caries and prevalence of dental pain) (p&lt;0.05). Results: Prevalence of dental caries ranged from 37.3% to 78.2% among the states. Dental caries was more prevalent in Rondônia (78.2%) and less prevalent in Santa Catarina (37.3%). Mean DMFT ranged from 1.06 to 4.81, with the highest value in Rondônia (4.81) and the lowest in Distrito Federal (1.06). HDI ranged from 0.631 (Alagoas) to 0.863 (Distrito Federal). There were negative correlations between HDI and dental caries (r=-0.504), dental caries experience (r=-0.459), decayed (r=-0.441) and missing (r=-0.441) components of the DMFT (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: Higher human development of the region lower dental caries experience and prevalence in 12-year-old Brazilian schoolchildren

Factors Associated with Hyposalivation in Brazilian Adults

Objective:&nbsp;To determine the occurrence of hyposalivation in Brazilian adults and its association with individual determinants, such as the use of medications, systemic conditions, smoking, and alcohol consumption.&nbsp;Material and Methods:&nbsp;A cross-sectional study with 402 adults was developed. Information was collected on sociodemographic and general health characteristics, and sialometry was performed with stimulated salivary flow. It indicated low salivary flow when ≤ 0.7 mL/min. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted using a decision tree (p&lt;0.05).&nbsp;Results: The sample was comprised predominantly of women (68.2%) aged ≤ 29 years (25.4%). Most participants did not use medication (56.7%). Among systemic diseases, the most cited was hypertension (25.1%). More than a third of the participants presented hyposalivation (40.3%), being associated with the following variables: age between 50 to 59 years (p=0.011), female sex (p&lt;0.001), menopause (p=0.001), use of alcohol (p=0.033), systemic disease (p=0.002) and medication use (p&lt;0.001). In multivariate analysis, in addition to sex (p&lt;0.001) and hypertension (p=0.005), an association was also found between hyposalivation and diabetes (p=0.014).&nbsp;Conclusion:&nbsp;Factors associated with hyposalivation in adults were sex and the presence of hypertension or diabetes

Psychometric properties of BREALD-30 for assessing adolescents’ oral health literacy

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry (BREALD-30) administered to adolescents. METHODS: The study included 750 adolescents: 375 aged 12 years and 375 aged 15–19 years, attending public and private schools in Campina Grande, state of Paraíba, Brazil, in 2017. Reliability was measured based on internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Convergent validity was measured based on correlations between BREALD-30 and Functional Literacy Indicator scores. Divergent validity was measured by comparing BREALD-30 scores with sociodemographic variables. For predictive validity, the association between BREALD-30 scores and the presence of cavitated carious lesions was tested using a multiple logistic regression model. All statistical tests were performed with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: BREALD-30 showed good internal consistency for the 12 year olds and 15 to19 year olds (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.871 and 0.834, respectively) and good test-retest reliability [intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.898 and 0.974; kappa = 0.804 and 0.808, respectively]. Moreover, item-total correlation was satisfactory for all items. BREALD-30 had convergent validity with the Functional Literacy Indicator for 12 year olds (rs = 0.558, p &lt; 0.001) and for 15 to 19 year olds (rs = 0.652, p &lt; 0.001). Participants with higher oral health literacy levels who attended private schools (p &lt; 0.001), belonged to economic classes A and B2 (p &lt; 0.001), and who had parents with higher education levels (p &lt; 0.001) were included, indicating the divergent validity of the BREALD-30. Participants with lower BREALD-30 scores were more likely to have cavitated carious lesions [12 year olds: odds ratio (OR) = 2.37; 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 1.48–3.80; 15 to 19 year olds: OR = 1.96; 95%CI 1.24–3.11]. CONCLUSIONS: BREALD-30 shows satisfactory psychometric properties for use on Brazilian adolescents and can be applied as a fast, simple, and reliable measure of oral health literacy

Usefulness, Reliability, Quality, and Content of Portuguese Language YouTube Videos on COVID-19

Objective: To investigate the usefulness, reliability, quality, and content of Portuguese-language YouTube videos on COVID-19. Material and Methods: Three keywords selected on Google Trends were searched on YouTube, and the 60 first videos listed with each term were analyzed. Two calibrated researchers evaluated the reliability (DISCERN Modified Scale), the quality (Global Quality Score - GQS), and the usefulness of videos for the users (COVID-19 Specific Score - CSS). The number of views, likes, and engagement were also analyzed. The data were evaluated by the Mann-Whitney test and Spearman correlation (α=5%). Results: 59 videos were included. The average scores of quality, reliability, and usefulness were 3.0 (±1.1), 3.2 (± 0.8), and 1.5 (± 0.9), respectively. Two-thirds of the videos (64.4%) had low/moderate quality, and the majority (76.2%) were about signs and symptoms. The numbers of views (p=0.005), likes (p=0.006), and engagement (p=0.014) were significantly higher in moderate/good quality videos. The number of comments (p=0.007), duration of videos (p=0.004), and the DISCERN score (p&lt;0.001) were significantly higher in videos made by health professionals. The general quality of the videos was positively correlated to the CSS scores, number of views, likes, and engagement (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: Most videos had moderate quality and reliability and low usefulness for the users

Smoking, behavioral factors and familial environment: a population based study with brazilian adolescents

Objective The present study was aimed at assessing the association between smoking and both behavioral and environmental factors among adolescents in the public school system in the city of Campina Grande (north-eastern Brazil).Methods An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out involving 574 schoolchildren aged 10 to 19 years old; it involved using a structured questionnaire addressing behavioral and environmental factors and smoking. The Chi-squared test and Fisher’s exact test were used for the statistical analysis (5 % level of significance).Results Smoking prevalence was 3.3 %. The lowest age regarding tobacco use for the first time was eight years old and the 11 to 14 year old age group had the greatest frequency of initiation into this habit (44.3 %); 84.3 % of tobacco users smoked between one and 10 cigarettes per day. Smoking was associated with delays in schooling (p=0.047), gender (p=0.016), alcohol use and frequency of alcohol use (p and lt;0.001) and the relationship with one’s father (p=0.014) and mother (p=0.004).Conclusions Despite the low prevalence, an early initiation into smoking was found, suggesting that educational campaigns should be directed towards younger age groups. Alcohol use stood out amongst the variables studied, suggesting that smoking is influenced by both its use and the intensity of consumption

Impacto da saúde bucal na qualidade de vida de escolares do município de pequeno porte da Paraíba

Introdução: Doenças bucais são comuns na infância e causam um impacto negativo na qualidade de vida das crianças.  Objetivo: Avaliar a relação do impacto da qualidade de vida e necessidade de tratamento odontológico de crianças na faixa etária de 8 a 10 anos em escolas municipais de ensino de Mari (PB). Material e método: Oitenta e seis escolares participaram da pesquisa que consistiu na aplicação do Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ8-10) e exame bucal utilizando o índice INTO realizado por um único examinador calibrado (kappa interexaminador=0,83 e intraexaminador=0,54). Foi realizada estatística descritiva e inferencial (Qui quadrado e Exato de Fisher) com nível de significância de 5%, através do programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Resultados: A maioria das crianças possuía 8 anos (38,4%, n=33), eram do sexo feminino (58,1%, n=50), sendo equitativamente distribuídas em escolas da zona urbana e rural. A maioria das crianças tinha necessidade de tratamento dentário (73,3%). O domínio mais frequente do CPQ foi alto e médio impacto na qualidade de vida das crianças foram os sintomas bucais (68,6%). Houve associação significativa entre os aspectos relacionados ao bem estar-social e a necessidade de tratamento cirúrgico restaurador, onde 72,7% dos pesquisados apresentavam elevada necessidade de tratamento restaurador e alto ou médio impacto em sua qualidade de vida (pConclusão: Pôde-se concluir que o impacto de qualidade de vida e a necessidade de tratamento estão associados nos escolares pesquisados

Impacto da saúde bucal na qualidade de vida de escolares do município de pequeno porte da Paraíba

Introdução: Doenças bucais são comuns na infância e causam um impacto negativo na qualidade de vida das crianças.  Objetivo: Avaliar a relação do impacto da qualidade de vida e necessidade de tratamento odontológico de crianças na faixa etária de 8 a 10 anos em escolas municipais de ensino de Mari (PB). Material e método: Oitenta e seis escolares participaram da pesquisa que consistiu na aplicação do Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ8-10) e exame bucal utilizando o índice INTO realizado por um único examinador calibrado (kappa interexaminador=0,83 e intraexaminador=0,54). Foi realizada estatística descritiva e inferencial (Qui quadrado e Exato de Fisher) com nível de significância de 5%, através do programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Resultados: A maioria das crianças possuía 8 anos (38,4%, n=33), eram do sexo feminino (58,1%, n=50), sendo equitativamente distribuídas em escolas da zona urbana e rural. A maioria das crianças tinha necessidade de tratamento dentário (73,3%). O domínio mais frequente do CPQ foi alto e médio impacto na qualidade de vida das crianças foram os sintomas bucais (68,6%). Houve associação significativa entre os aspectos relacionados ao bem estar-social e a necessidade de tratamento cirúrgico restaurador, onde 72,7% dos pesquisados apresentavam elevada necessidade de tratamento restaurador e alto ou médio impacto em sua qualidade de vida (pConclusão: Pôde-se concluir que o impacto de qualidade de vida e a necessidade de tratamento estão associados nos escolares pesquisados