Asymptotics for relative frequency when population is driven by arbitrary evolution

Strongly consistent estimates are shown, via relative frequency, for the probability of "white balls" inside a dichotomous urn when such a probability is an arbitrary continuous time dependent function over a bounded time interval. The asymptotic behaviour of relative frequency is studied in a nonstationary context using a Riemann-Dini type theorem for SLLN of random variables with arbitrarily different expectations; furthermore the theoretical results concerning the SLLN can be applied for estimating the mean function of unknown form of a general nonstationary process.Comment: 29 page

Product Markovian quantization of an R^d -valued Euler scheme of a diffusion process with applications to finance

We introduce a new approach to quantize the Euler scheme of an $\mathbb{R}^d$-valued diffusion process. This method is based on a Markovian and componentwise product quantization and allows us, from a numerical point of view, to speak of {\em fast online quantization} in dimension greater than one since the product quantization of the Euler scheme of the diffusion process and its companion weights and transition probabilities may be computed quite instantaneously. We show that the resulting quantization process is a Markov chain, then, we compute the associated companion weights and transition probabilities from (semi-) closed formulas. From the analytical point of view, we show that the induced quantization errors at the $k$-th discretization step $t_k$ is a cumulative of the marginal quantization error up to time $t_k$. Numerical experiments are performed for the pricing of a Basket call option, for the pricing of a European call option in a Heston model and for the approximation of the solution of backward stochastic differential equations to show the performances of the method

Linguagem e interdisciplinaridade

Depois de mostrar que a interdisciplinaridade é da natureza dos estudos lingüísticos, porque a linguagem é multiforme e heterogênea, este trabalho expõe os dois modos básicos de fazer ciência, um regido pelo princípio da exclusão e outro governado pelo princípio da participação, que produzem, respectivamente, a especialização e a sua ultrapassagem. A partir daí, discute as vantagens e os problemas da disciplinaridade, apresenta as razões pelas quais hoje a interdisciplinaridade é um universal positivo do discurso e conceitua, com base na etimologia, os termos interdisciplinaridade, multidisciplinaridade, pluridisciplinaridade e transdisciplinaridade. Examina os vínculos da lingüística com outras ciências, para terminar traçando um histórico das relações entre lingüística e literatura no Brasil.Since language is multifaceted and heterogeneous, interdisciplinarity is natural to linguistic studies. In this article, after demonstrating that, I present two basic ways of doing science. One is ruled by the principle of exclusion, whereas the other is ruled by the principle of participation. The former leads to specialization, whereas the latter leads to the surpassing of specialization. From that, I discuss the advantages and problems of disciplinarity, and present the reasons why nowadays interdisciplinarity is a positive universal in scientific and pedagogical discourses. Also, based on etymology, I discuss the concepts of interdisciplinarity, multidisciplinarity, pluridisciplinarity and transdisciplinarity. Finally, I examine the bonds between linguistics and other sciences, by drawing a brief history of the relations between linguistics and literature in Brazil.Après avoir montré que l'interdisciplinarité est de l'ordre des études linguistiques, car le langage est multiforme et hétérogène, cet essai expose les deux façons de faire de la science, l'une régie par le principe de l'exclusion et l'autre gouvernée par le principe de la participation. Ces deux principes produisent, respectivement, la spécialisation et son dépassement. A partir de là, on discute les avantages et les inconvénients de la disciplinarité, on avance les raisons selon lesquelles l'interdisciplinarité est aujourd'hui un universel positif du discours et on définit, en s'appuyant sur l'étymologie, les termes d'interdisciplinarité, multidisciplinarité, pluridisciplinarité et transdisciplinarité. On analyse les rapports de la linguisitique avec d'autres sciences et on finit par tracer l'historique des relations entre la linguistique et la littérature au Brésil

Língua, discurso e política

Este trabalho, depois de discutir o sentido da palavra política, mostra que há quatro possíveis abordagens para a questão das relações entre língua, discurso e política: a) a natureza intrinsecamente política da linguagem e das línguas; b) as relações de poder entre os discursos e sua dimensão política; c) as relações de poder entre as línguas e a dimensão política de seu uso; d) as políticas linguísticas. Este texto desenvolve apenas os dois primeiros itens. A linguagem e as línguas têm uma natureza intrinsecamente política, porque sujeitam os falantes a sua ordem. Os silenciamentos operados pelo discurso manifestam uma relação de poder. A circulação dos discursos no espaço social está também submetida à ordem do poder. Os usos linguísticos podem ser o espaço da pertença, mas também da exclusão, da separação e até da eliminação do outro. Por isso, a língua não é um instrumento neutro de comunicação, mas é atravessada pela política, pelo poder, pelos poderes. A literatura, pelos deslocamentos que produz, é uma forma de trapacear a língua, desvelando os poderes nela inscritos.After discussing the meaning of the word politics, this paper shows that there are four possible approaches to the issue of the relationships between language, discourse and politics: a) the intrinsic political nature of language; b) the relations of power between discourses and their political dimension; c) the relations of power between languages and the political dimension of their usage and; d) linguistic policies. This paper addresses only the first two of these items. Languages have an intrinsically political nature because they subject their speakers to their order. The acts of silencing operationalized in discourse manifest a relation of power. The spread of discourses in the social space is also subject to the order of power. The use of language may be the space of pertinence, but is also that of exclusion, separation and even the elimination of the other. Therefore, language is not a neutral communication tool, but it is permeated by politics, by power. Because of the dislocations that it produces, literature is a form of swindling language, unveiling the powers that are imprinted on it.Après avoir discutéle sensdumot "politique", ce texte montre qu'il y a quatre possibilités d'approches pour la question des rapports entre langue, discours et politique, à savoir: a) la nature intrinsèquement politique du langage et des langues; b) les rapports de pouvoir entre les discours et leur dimension politique; c) les rapports de pouvoir entre les langues et la dimension politique de leur usage; d) les politiques linguistiques. Ce texte ne développe que les deux premiers points. Le langage et les langues ont une nature essentiellement politique, car ils subjuguent les sujets parlants à leur ordre. Les silences opérés par le discours manifestent un rapport de pouvoir. La circulation des discours dans l'espace social est soumise elle aussi à l'ordre du pouvoir. Les usages linguistiques peuvent devenir non seulement l'espace de l'appartenance mais encore celui de l'exclusion, de la séparation et même de l'élimination d'autrui. Voilà pourquoi la langue n'est pas un instrument neutre de communication, mais elle est traversée para la politique, par le pouvoir, par les pouvoirs. La littérature, en raison des déplacements qu'elle produit, est une façon de jouer de la langue pour en dévoiler les pouvoirs

Paper Session II-A - Joint Information Technology Assessment and Resolution - A Strategy for Achieving Systems Interoperability at KSC/CCAS

The systems at KSC/CCAS may be characterized as a heterogeneous mix of special purpose legacy systems that frustrate interoperability and significantly limit cost effective procurement as illustrated in Figure 1. These systems are becoming increasingly more expensive to maintain and will hamper the ability of the government to readily adapt new technologies and best industry practices into the enterprise. These systems could become a constraining factor to the vision of the future with KSC/CCAS as the premier Gateway to Space

Мотив творчості в поезії Галі Мазуренко (на прикладі збірки «Стежка»)

The article presents an analysis of creativity motif in Galya Mazurenko’s poetry. Some verses from the poetry collection «Stezshka» were taken as an example. From this very collection this motif actively penetrates into Galya Mazurenko’s creative work

Наукові історичні школи в Україні: фантоми української історіографії

У статті зроблено спробу узагальнити підсумки вивчення наукових шкіл в українській історіографії. Відзначено здобутки й прорахунки у цій царині, зроблено певні уточнення щодо коректного розуміння цього феномену

Nuclear pairing and Coriolis effects in proton emitters

We introduce a Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov mean-field approach to treat the problem of proton emission from a deformed nucleus. By substituting a rigid rotor in a particle-rotor-model with a mean-field we obtain a better description of experimental data in $^{141}$Ho. The approach also elucidates the softening of kinematic coupling between particle and collective rotation, the Coriolis attenuation problem.Comment: 2 pages, 1 figur