Bem-estar subjetivo, qualidade de vida e estado de bem-estar: um estudo sobre as atitudes perante o rendimento básico universal a partir dos dados do European Social Survey

Dissertação para obtenção de grau de Mestre em Sociologia das Organizações e do TrabalhoO Rendimento Básico Universal (RBU) vem ganhando espaço no debate científico, trazendo possibilidades de resposta aos desafios das transformações no mundo do trabalho, precarização do emprego e, também, como luta por uma sociedade menos desigual. No presente trabalho, buscamos compreender como as atitudes individuais face à implementação de uma política de RBU estão relacionadas com a experiência do indivíduo quanto aos diferentes tipos de bem-estar, nomeadamente material, subjetivo, físico e social, pela influência do tipo de Estado de bem-estar. Foram elencados quatro países representantes da tipologia de Estado, desenvolvida por Esping Andersen (1990) e Ferrera (1996): Portugal, Finlândia, Reino Unido e Holanda. Foi adotada uma estratégia de investigação quantitativa, tendo-se usado os dados da ronda 8 do European Social Survey. A análise dos dados assenta em estatísticas descritivas, análise de clusters e modelos de equações estruturais. Os resultados apontam para transversalidade nos modelos de Estado, refutando a hipótese de haver influência entre o tipo de Estado de bem-estar e as atitudes. Além disso, o sentido das relações que se encontram vai das atitudes para o bem-estar individual, apontando relação inversa à esperada inicialmente.The debate regarding the Universal Basic Income (UBI) has been growing significantly in the scientific society, bringing possibilities to respond to the challenges of transformations in the world of labor, job insecurity and also, as a struggle for a less unequal society. In this paper, we seek to understand how individual attitudes towards the implementation of a UBI policy are related to the individual's experience of different types of well-being, namely material, subjective, physical, and social, permeated by the influence of the type of welfare state. Four countries representing the typology of State, designed by Esping-Andersen (1990) and Ferrera (1996), were listed: Portugal, Finland, United Kingdom and Netherlands. The methodology uses descriptive statistics, cluster analysis and structural equation models, using data from the European Social Survey, Round 8, 2016. The results point to transversality in the state models, refuting the hypothesis that there is an influence between the type of State and attitudes. In addition, the meaning of the relationships that are found ranges from attitudes to individual well being, pointing to an inverse relationship to that initially expected.N/

Desenvolvimento de uma nova bebida de mel fermentada com grão de kefir potencialmente probiótica : propriedas funcionais, características microbiológicasmoleculares e aspectos tecnológicos

Orientador : Prof. Dr. Carlos Ricardo SoccolTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Tecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologia de Alimentos. Defesa: Curitiba, 29/04/2016Inclui referências : f. 51-57-78-852-104-105-122-124Resumo: O kefir é tradicionalmente uma bebida produzida a partir de leite através da inoculação de grãos de kefir, uma associação microbiana complexa entre leveduras e bactérias. No entanto, a adaptação de grãos de kefir em diversos outros substratos nãolácteos levou à produção de diferentes bebidas com propriedades funcionais. O objetivo desta tese foi avaliar o uso de diferentes substratos funcionais (extrato de soja hidrolisado, colostro e mel) para o desenvolvimento de novas bebidas probióticas, utilizando grãos de kefir como cultura iniciadora e avaliar a sua capacidade antioxidante e composição físico-química. Além disso, explorar o processo de fermentação de mel com grãos de kefir através de um estudo abrangente de suas propriedades reológicas, cinética em condição de biorreator (fermentação e processo de armazenamento), composição microbiana, potencial antimicrobiano e probiótico, efeito de proteção em danos causados ao DNA e análise sensorial, comparando-a com a bebida tradicional de kefir. A bebida de kefir a base de mel teve maior atividade antioxidante, quando comparada com os substratos extrato de soja hidrolisada e colostro. Altos níveis de bactérias ácido lácticas e populações de levedura (acima de 106 CFU/mL) foram encontrados no produto, compostas principalmente de potenciais estirpes probióticas de Lactobacillus statsumensis, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Bacillus megaterium, Saccharomyces cerevisiae e Lachancea fermentati. Além disso, a bebida à base mel fermentada com kefir apresentou efeito de proteção contra danos no DNA, com elevada qualidade sensorial quando comparada à bebida tradicional de kefir. Os grãos de kefir foram bem adaptados às condições do biorreator, atingindo altos níveis de viabilidade celular (acima de 106 UFC / mL para levedura e bactérias totais), tendo considerável produção de compostos fenólicos (190 GAE / 100g). Luminosidade L * e croma a * não sofreram grandes alterações e croma b * decresceu durante o tempo de fermentação. Após 35 dias de armazenamento, a bebida de mel fermentada com grãos de kefir manteve as suas características químicas e viabilidade microbiana necessária para ser classificado como um produto probiótico. Os modelos de Ostwald-De Waele (R2 ? 0,98) e de Herschel-Bulkley (R2 ? 0.99) podem ser utilizados para predizer o comportamento da bebida desenvolvida. Os isolados estudados (L. satsumensis, L. mesenteroides e S. cerevisiae) demonstraram resistência a condições ácidas (pH 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 e 7.0) e aos sais biliares (0.3% e 0.6%), apresentando habilidade de sobrevivência na presença de suco gastrointestinal, não demonstrando atividade hemolítica. Todos os isolados apresentaram atividade antagônica frente a E. coli e S. aureus (acima de 7.0 mm). L. satsumensis foi a cepa mais resistente. A bebida de mel fermentada com kefir teve alta atividade antimicrobiana (19.5 a 27.5 mm). L. satsumensis, L. mesenteroides e S. cerevisiae podem ser classificadas como potenciais probióticos. Bebidas à base de kefir têm se apresentado como uma forma alternativa para a produção de bebidas funcionais com atividades probióticas, especialmente para pessoas com necessidades especiais (intolerância à lactose) e para consumidores veganos. O mel pode ser um substrato alternativo ideal para a produção de bebidas de cultura funcional, especialmente para os vegetarianos e consumidores intolerantes à lactose. Os parâmetros analisados durante o processo de bebida a base de mel fermentada com grãos de kefir podem ser considerados relevantes para a produção de uma nova bebida, auxiliando na industrialização deste bioprocesso.Abstract: Kefir is traditionally a beverage produced from milk by inoculating kefir grains, a complex microbial association between yeast and bacteria. However, adaptation of kefir grains in many other non-dairy substrates has led to production of different beverages with functional properties. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the use of different functional substrates (soybean hydrolyzed extract, colostrum and honey) to design a novel probiotic beverages using kefir grains as starter culture and evaluate its antioxidant capacity and physical-chemical composition. In addition, explore the fermentation process of honey with kefir grains through a comprehensive study of its rheological properties, kinetic in bioreactor condition (fermentation and storage process), microbial composition, antimicrobial and probiotic potential, protection effect on DNA damage and sensory analysis when compared with traditional kefir beverage. The probiotic potential and antimicrobial properties of Lactobacillus satsumensis, Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Sacharomyces cerevisiae, isolated from honey kefir beverage, was also investigated. Honey-based kefir beverage had higher antioxidant activity when compared with soybean hydrolyzed extract and colostrum substrates. High levels of lactic acid bacteria and yeast populations (over 106 CFU/mL) were found in the product and were mainly composed of potential probiotic strains of Lactobacillus statsumensis, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Bacillus megaterium, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lachancea fermentati. In addition, the honey-based kefir beverage showed protection effect on DNA damage and had a high sensory quality compared to traditional kefir beverage. Kefir grains were well adapted to bioreactor conditions, reached high levels of cell viability (over 106 CFU/mL for total yeast and bacteria), had considerable production of phenolic compounds (190 GAE/100g). Color L* and a* did not highly changed and b* decreased during fermentation time. After 35 days of storage process, honey kefir beverage (HKB) maintained its chemical characteristics and microbial viability as required to be classified as a probiotic product. The models Ostwald-de Waele (R2 ? 0.98) and Herschel-Bulkley (R2 ? 0.99) can be used to predict the behavior of HKB. The isolates showed resistance to acid conditions (pH 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 and 7.0) and bile salts (0.3% and 0.6%), showing ability to survive in the presence of simulated gastric and intestinal juice and did not show hemolytic activity. All the isolates exhibited antagonistic activity against E. coli and S. aureus (up to 7.0 mm). The isolate L. satsumensis showed resistance against the studied pathogens and was the most powerful antagonistic isolates. Honey kefir beverage had high antagonistic activity (19.5 to 27.5 mm). L. satsumensis, L. mesenteroides and S. cerevisiae isolated from honey kefir beverage could be classified as potential probiotics. Kefir-based beverages have shown an alternative way to produce functional beverages with probiotic activities, especially for people with special needs (lactose intolerance) and vegan consumers. Honey could be an ideal alternative substrate for the production of functional cultured beverage, especially for vegans and lactose intolerant consumers. The parameters analyzed during HKB process can be considered for production of a novel beverage product, assisting in the industrialization of this bioprocess. In addition, the investigation of the potential probiotic features of these kefir strains should be useful for the development of novel functional beverage

Anesthetic Considerations for Deep Brain Stimulation

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) was used to treat refractory Parkinson’s disease (PD) for the first time in 1987 by Professor Benabid’s group by placing stimulating electrodes into targeted brain structures. DBS is a widely accepted neurosurgical treatment for Parkinson’s disease (PD), benign tremor, dystonia, epilepsy, and other neuropsychiatric disorders with no significant changes in anatomical brain structures. Prior to the introduction of DBS, traditional treatment for PD involved surgical removal of parts of the brain known as thalamotomy, pallidotomy, and cingulotomy. Intraoperative identification of the affected areas of brain is possible through a couple of mechanisms involving electrical stimulation and monitoring of the brain function, known as “functional neurosurgery”. Implantation of electrodes in the targeted area and the insertion of a programmable pulse generator under the clavicle or in the abdomen are the main steps in DBS surgery. Anesthetic management for DBS remains controversial and might vary between institutions and physicians. Although no guidelines have been developed, there are some common anesthetic considerations for DBS surgery, including difficult airway management, facilitation of neuromonitoring, and anesthetic drugs interference with microelectrode recordings (MERs). Local anesthesia, general anesthesia, and monitored anesthesia care (MAC) have been used worldwide in patients undergoing DBS

Influence of temperature and UVR on photosynthesis and morphology of four species of cyanobacteria

During the late austral spring of 2009 we carried out experiments (4 days of duration) with four cyanobacteria species, Anabaena sp., Nostoc sp., Arthrospira platensis and Microcystis sp., to assess the combined effects of temperature and solar radiation on photosynthesis performance and morphology. Two experimental temperatures (18°C and 23°C, simulating a 5°C increase under a scenario of climate change) and three radiation treatments (by using different filters/materials) were implemented: (i) P (PAR, 400-700 nm), (ii) PA (PAR + UV-A, 320-700 nm) and, (iii) PAB (PAR + UV-A + UV-B, 280-700 nm). In general, samples under the P treatment had less decrease/higher recovery rates of effective photochemical quantum yield (Y) than those receiving UV-A or UV-A + UV-B. The effects of increased temperature were species-specific: At the end of the experiments, it was seen that increased temperature benefited photosynthetic performance of Anabaena sp. and Nostoc sp. but not of Microcystis sp. and A. platensis. Higher temperature was also associated to an increase in the chain area of Anabaena sp., and to bigger trichomes in A. platensis; however, no morphological effects were observed in Microcystis sp. In addition, in Nostoc sp. the increase in temperature counteracted the UVR impact on the reduction of the chain area. How these effects and mechanisms will affect the trophodynamics and production of aquatic ecosystems is still uncertain, but the specificity of the responses suggests that not all cyanobacteria would be equally benefited by temperature increases therefore affecting the balance and interaction among species in the water column.Fil: Fiorda Giordanino, María Valeria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Fundación Playa Unión. Estación de Fotobiología Playa Unión; ArgentinaFil: Strauch, Sebastian Michael. Fundación Playa Unión. Estación de Fotobiología Playa Unión; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Villafañe, Virginia Estela. Fundación Playa Unión. Estación de Fotobiología Playa Unión; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Helbling, Eduardo Walter. Fundación Playa Unión. Estación de Fotobiología Playa Unión; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

New-onset atrial fibrillation detected by continuous capnography monitoring: a case report

Case series Patients: Male, 75-year-old Male, 72-year-oldFinal Diagnosis: Atrial fibrillationSymptoms: Apnea atrial fibrillationMedication: -Clinical Procedure: -Specialty: AnesthesiologyObjective: Unusual clinical courseBackground: Asymptomatic postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF) may go undetected. As part of a multicenter observational trial designed to develop a risk prediction score for respiratory depression, the respiratory patterns of patients admitted to standard wards were continuously assessed with capnography and pulse oximetry. The monitor measured end-tidal carbon dioxide, respiratory rate, heart rate (HR), and oxyhemoglobin saturation.Case Reports: Two men ages 75 and 72 experienced abrupt and variable postoperative changes in HR consistent with AF with rapid ventricular response, coinciding with an abnormal breathing pattern with apneic episodes. In both cases, the changes were not detected by routine clinical monitoring.Conclusions: Continuous capnography identified respiratory distress in 2 patients who experienced symptoms of AF. Continuous monitoring devices can help health care providers minimize the risk of morbidity and mortality for patients at risk of respiratory depression.Perioperative Medicine: Efficacy, Safety and Outcome (Anesthesiology/Intensive Care

Cassava bagasse flour: byproduct utilization and comparison with cassava starch

The production of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) starch generates cassava bagasse, which is the fibrous residue from the root. Due to its economic, physical, chemical, nutritional and technological importance, this study aimed at developing a flour from cassava bagasse, evaluating its properties and comparing them with those of cassava starch, in order to promote its use and provide information for industry processors and consumers. Analysis of proximate composition, total energy value, particle size, water activity, color, microscopy, water absorption index (WAI), water solubility index (WSI) and oil absorption index (OAI) were carried out. In relation to cassava starch, the bagasse flour showed much higher contents of total [63.95 g (100 g) -1], soluble [3.51 g (100 g) -1] and insoluble [56.84 g (100 g)-1] dietary fiber, as well as proteins [1.97 g (100 g) -1], ashes [1.81 g (100 g)-1] and lipids [2.35 g (100 g)-1]. The cassava bagasse flour presents low cost and desirable technological properties, such as WAI [6.73 g of gel (g dry mass)-1] and WSI (1.23%), being also an alternative raw material, with differentiated technological characteristics. It can possibly be used in paps, puddings, baby food and especially in diet or light food

Sugammadex versus neostigmine for neuromuscular blockade reversal in outpatient surgeries: A randomized controlled trial to evaluate efficacy and associated healthcare cost in an academic center

IntroductionNeuromuscular blockade is an essential component of the general anesthesia as it allows for a better airway management and optimal surgical conditions. Despite significant reductions in extubation and OR readiness-for-discharge times have been associated with the use of sugammadex, the cost-effectiveness of this drug remains controversial. We aimed to compare the time to reach a train-of-four (TOF) response of ≥0.9 and operating room readiness for discharge in patients who received sugammadex for moderate neuromuscular blockade reversal when compared to neostigmine during outpatient surgeries under general anesthesia. Potential reduction in time for OR discharge readiness as a result of sugammadex use may compensate for the existing cost-gap between sugammadex and neostigmine.MethodsWe conducted a single-center, randomized, double arm, open-label, prospective clinical trial involving adult patients undergoing outpatient surgeries under general anesthesia. Eligible subjects were randomized (1:1 ratio) into two groups to receive either sugammadex (Groups S), or neostigmine/glycopyrrolate (Group N) at the time of neuromuscular blockade reversal. The primary outcome was the time to reverse moderate rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade (TOF ratio ≥0.9) in both groups. In addition, post-anesthesia care unit (PACU)/hospital length of stay (LOS) and perioperative costs were compared among groups as secondary outcomes.ResultsThirty-seven subjects were included in our statistical analysis (Group S= 18 subjects and Group N= 19 subjects). The median time to reach a TOF ratio ≥0.9 was significantly reduced in Group S when compared to Group N (180 versus 540 seconds; p = 0.0052). PACU and hospital LOS were comparable among groups. Postoperative nausea and vomiting was the main adverse effect reported in Group S (22.2% versus 5.3% in Group N; p = 0.18), while urinary retention (10.5%) and shortness of breath (5.3%) were only experienced by some patients in Group N. Moreover, no statistical differences were found between groups regarding OR/anesthesia, PACU, and total admission costs.DiscussionSugammadex use was associated with a significantly faster moderate neuromuscular blockade reversal. We found no evidence of increased perioperative costs associated with the use of sugammadex in patients undergoing outpatient surgeries in our academic institution.Clinical trial registration[https://clinicaltrials.gov/] identifier number [NCT03579589]

Prediction of Opioid-Induced Respiratory Depression on Inpatient Wards Using Continuous Capnography and Oximetry: An International Prospective, Observational Trial.

BACKGROUND: Opioid-related adverse events are a serious problem in hospitalized patients. Little is known about patients who are likely to experience opioid-induced respiratory depression events on the general care floor and may benefit from improved monitoring and early intervention. The trial objective was to derive and validate a risk prediction tool for respiratory depression in patients receiving opioids, as detected by continuous pulse oximetry and capnography monitoring. METHODS: PRediction of Opioid-induced respiratory Depression In patients monitored by capnoGraphY (PRODIGY) was a prospective, observational trial of blinded continuous capnography and oximetry conducted at 16 sites in the United States, Europe, and Asia. Vital signs were intermittently monitored per standard of care. A total of 1335 patients receiving parenteral opioids and continuously monitored on the general care floor were included in the analysis. A respiratory depression episode was defined as respiratory rate ≤5 breaths/min (bpm), oxygen saturation ≤85%, or end-tidal carbon dioxide ≤15 or ≥60 mm Hg for ≥3 minutes; apnea episode lasting \u3e30 seconds; or any respiratory opioid-related adverse event. A risk prediction tool was derived using a multivariable logistic regression model of 46 a priori defined risk factors with stepwise selection and was internally validated by bootstrapping. RESULTS: One or more respiratory depression episodes were detected in 614 (46%) of 1335 general care floor patients (43% male; mean age, 58 ± 14 years) continuously monitored for a median of 24 hours (interquartile range [IQR], 17-26). A multivariable respiratory depression prediction model with area under the curve of 0.740 was developed using 5 independent variables: age ≥60 (in decades), sex, opioid naivety, sleep disorders, and chronic heart failure. The PRODIGY risk prediction tool showed significant separation between patients with and without respiratory depression (P \u3c .001) and an odds ratio of 6.07 (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.44-8.30; P \u3c .001) between the high- and low-risk groups. Compared to patients without respiratory depression episodes, mean hospital length of stay was 3 days longer in patients with ≥1 respiratory depression episode (10.5 ± 10.8 vs 7.7 ± 7.8 days; P \u3c .0001) identified using continuous oximetry and capnography monitoring. CONCLUSIONS: A PRODIGY risk prediction model, derived from continuous oximetry and capnography, accurately predicts respiratory depression episodes in patients receiving opioids on the general care floor. Implementation of the PRODIGY score to determine the need for continuous monitoring may be a first step to reduce the incidence and consequences of respiratory compromise in patients receiving opioids on the general care floor