Газоносність вугільних пластів та фізико-механічнині властивості порід покрівлі і підошви поля шахти № 1 ”Тяглівська” Львівсько-Волинського басейну

Сопоставлены данные по изучению газоносности угольных пластов поля шахты № 1 ―Тягловская‖ и физико-механическим свойствам пород их непосредственной кровли и подошвы. Благоприятными яляются условия для выработки пластов b4, n8 в, n8. Несколько сложнее – для пластов n9, n7 в, n7 1, что вызвано низкой стойкостью пород кровли. Наиболее сложной прогнозируется ситуация для эксплуатации пласта n7 из-за низной стойкости и способности его кровли к обрушениям. Угольные пласты (кроме b4) находятся в метановой зоне. Их газоносность значительна, содержание метана в газовой смеси высокое. Это будет составлять дополнительные трудности при эксплуатации.Data on studies of the gas-bearing potential of coal seams of the Tyagliv-1 mine field are correlated as well as physical-mechanical properties of their immediate base and roof. Favorable conditions are known to exist for working of the seams b4, n8 в, n8. Somewhat more composite ones are observed for the seams n9, n7в, n7 1 that was caused by low stability of the roof rocks. The most composite situation is forecasted for exploitation of the seam n7 one to low stability and ability of its roof for landslides. Coal seams (exsepting b4) lie in the methane zone. Their gas-bearing potential is suffcient, methane content in a gas mixture is high. That will cause additional difficalties in the process of exploitation

Socioeconomic Status Is Associated With Antibody Levels Against Vaccine Preventable Diseases in the Netherlands.

Background: We investigated whether low socioeconomic status (SES), which is associated with reduced health and life expectancy, might play a role in increased risk for infectious diseases. Therefore, we explored the association between SES and immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels against various pathogens. Methods: We analyzed the association between SES [educational level and net household income (NHI)] and serum IgG concentration against measles, mumps, rubella, varicella, Haemophilus influenzae type B (HiB), pneumococcus, meningococcus serogroup C (MenC), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) collected within a national cross-sectional serosurvey (2006/2007) using linear regression analyses among non-vaccinated individuals. Results: Higher educational level was associated with higher IgG concentrations against measles (GMC ratio 1.34, 95% CI 1.18-1.53) and rubella (1.13, 1.02-1.25) compared to low education level. In contrast, higher education level was associated with lower IgG concentrations against pneumococcus (0.78, 0.70-0.88), MenC (0.54, 0.44-0.68), and CMV (0.23, 0.18-0.31) compared to low education level. This pattern was also evident when NHI was used as SES indicator. Conclusion: Our study suggests that socioeconomic status is associated with antibody levels in a pathogen-dependent manner. The results suggest that differences in serological response upon infection or differences in exposure might be involved in the variation in IgG levels between SES groups

Changes in vitamin-D metabolites and parathyroid hormone in plasma following cholecalciferol administration to pre- and postmenopausal women in the Netherlands in early spring and to postmenopausal women in Curacao

To study the effect on plasma 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D), 1, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1, 25(OH)(2)D) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) we supplemented premenopausal (aged 30 (so 7) years) and postmenopausal (aged 61 (so 2) years) white women living in The Netherlands in late winter/early spring, and elderly black and white women (aged 75 (so 6) years) living in Curacao (Dutch Antilles) with either 10 or 20 mu g cholecalciferol/d for 4, 5 and 9 weeks respectively, Baseline plasma 25(OH)D concentration of Dutch women was lower than that of Curacao women, Postmenopausal Dutch women had a higher PTH concentration in plasma than premenopausal Dutch and postmenopausal Curacao women, There were no differences in plasma 1,25(OH),D, Cholecalciferol administration increased 25(OH)D in all groups, 1, 25(OH),D in postmenopausal Curacao women and PTH in postmenopausal Curacao women and premenopausal Dutch women, Serum and urinary Ca and phosphate concentrations did not change, There were no response differences between 10 and 20 mu g doses, Oral cholecalciferol administration (either 10 or 20 mu g/d) to women living at northern latitudes in late winter/early spring increased 25(OH)D levels to the baseline levels of elderly people living in the tropics

Non-specific effects of measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccination in high income setting: population based cohort study in the Netherlands.

Objectives To investigate whether measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine has positive non-specific effects in a high income setting and to compare rates of hospital admissions for infections between children aged ≤2 years who received live MMR vaccine and those who received an inactivated vaccine against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, and Haemophilus influenzae type b (DTaP-IPV-Hib) as their most recent vaccination.Design Nationwide population based cohort study.Setting In the Netherlands, DTaP-IPV-Hib+pneumococcal vaccination (PCV) is recommended at ages 2, 3, 4, and 11 months and MMR + meningococcal C (MenC) vaccination at age 14 months. Data from the national vaccine register were linked to hospital admission data.Participants 1 096 594 children born in 2005-11 who received the first four DTaP-IPV-Hib+PCV vaccines.Main outcome measures Hazard ratio for admission to hospital for infection in children with MMR+MenC compared with the fourth DTaP-IPV-Hib+PCV as their most recent vaccination. Cox regression was performed with most recent vaccination as time dependent variable, adjusted for potential confounders. Analyses were repeated with admission for injuries or poisoning as a negative control outcome. In addition, rate of admission for infection was compared between the fourth and third DTaP-IPV-Hib+PCVas most recent vaccination.Results Having had MMR+MenC as the most recent vaccination was associated with a hazard ratio of 0.62 (95% confidence interval 0.57 to 0.67) for admission to hospital for infection and 0.84 (0.73 to 0.96) for injuries or poisoning, compared with the fourth DTaP-IPV-Hib+PCV as most recent vaccination. The fourth DTaP-IPV-Hib+PCV as most recent vaccination was associated with a hazard ratio of 0.69 (0.63 to 0.76) for admission to hospital for infection, compared with the third DTaP-IPV-Hib+PCV as most recent vaccination.Conclusions Healthy vaccinee bias could at least partly explain the observed lower rate of admission to hospital with infection after MMR vaccination. The lower rate is associated with receipt of any additional vaccine, not specifically MMR vaccine. This emphasises the caution required in the interpretation of findings from observational studies on non-specific effects of vaccination

Biological sex influences antibody responses to routine vaccinations in the first year of life

Aim We investigated the effect of early-life factors, namely sex, delivery mode, feeding method and antibiotic exposure, on antibody responses to routine vaccinations administered during the first year of life. Methods One and seven months after the primary course of routine vaccines and 1 month after routine vaccines at 12 months of age, antibodies against 26 vaccine antigens were measured in 398 healthy infants. The geometric mean concentration (GMC) of antibodies (adjusted for effect modifiers with multiple linear regression) and the seroprotection rate for each vaccine were compared for each early-life factor. Results Sex had an influence on GMCs. Antibody concentrations were significantly lower at 7 months of age in females for tetanus and filamentous haemagglutinin and at 13 months of age for pertactin. In contrast, at 13 months of age, antibody concentrations were significantly higher in females for polio type 3, pneumococcal serotype 6A and measles. Sex did not have an influence on seroprotection rates. Delivery mode, feeding method and antibiotic exposure did not exert a substantial influence on vaccine antibody concentrations. Conclusion There is a difference between males and females in the humoral response to routine vaccinations in the first year of life. MIS BAIR group: Veronica Abruzzo, Katie Allen, Rhian Bonnici, Dan Casalaz, Hannah Elborough, Bridget Freyne, Kaya Gardiner, Susie Germano, Tobias Kollmann, Nicole Messina, Clare Morrison, Helder Nakaya, Anne Louise Ponsonby, Frank Shann, Mike South, Peter Vuillermi

Age-Related Immunity to Meningococcal Serogroup C Vaccination: An Increase in the Persistence of IgG2 Correlates with a Decrease in the Avidity of IgG

Contains fulltext : 97618.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)Background All children and adolescents between 1 and 19 years of age in The Netherlands received a single meningococcal serogroup C conjugate (MenCC) vaccine in 2002. During follow-up 4–5 years later, the persistence of MenC polysaccharide-specific IgG was found to be dependent on age of vaccination with higher IgG levels in the oldest immunized age categories. Methods and Findings Two cross-sectional population-based serum banks, collected in 1995/1996 and in 2006/2007, were used for this study. We measured MenC polysaccharide-specific IgM, the IgG1 and IgG2 subclasses and determined the avidity of the IgG antibodies. We report that the age-related persistence of IgG after immunization with the MenCC vaccine seemed to result from an increase of IgG2 levels with age, while IgG1 levels remained stable throughout the different age-cohorts. Furthermore, an age-related increase in IgM levels was observed, correlating with the persistence of IgG antibodies with age. It is noteworthy that the increase in IgG2 correlated with a reduced IgG-avidity with age. Conclusion These date indicate that the classical characteristics of a T-cell-dependent antibody response as elicited by protein based vaccines might not be completely applicable when conjugate vaccines are administered to older children and adolescents up to 18 years of age. The response elicited by the MenCC vaccine seemed to be more a mixture of both T cell dependent and T cell independent responses in terms of humoral immunological characteristics

Bivalent Vaccine Effectiveness Against Type-Specific HPV Positivity: Evidence for Cross-Protection Against Oncogenic Types Among Dutch STI Clinic Visitors.

Observational postmarketing studies are important to assess vaccine effectiveness (VE). We estimated VE from the bivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine against HPV positivity of vaccine and nonvaccine types in a high-risk population

Immunity against Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup C in the Dutch Population before and after Introduction of the Meningococcal C Conjugate Vaccine

Contains fulltext : 88187.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)BACKGROUND: In 2002 a Meningococcal serogroup C (MenC) conjugate vaccine, with tetanus toxoid as carrier protein, was introduced in the Netherlands as a single-dose at 14 months of age. A catch-up campaign was performed targeting all individuals aged 14 months to 18 years. We determined the MenC-specific immunity before and after introduction of the MenC conjugate (MenCC) vaccine. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Two cross-sectional population-based serum banks, collected in 1995/1996 (n = 8539) and in 2006/2007 (n = 6386), were used for this study. The main outcome measurements were the levels of MenC polysaccharide(PS)-specific IgG and serum bactericidal antibodies (SBA) after routine immunization, 4-5 years after catch-up immunization or by natural immunity. There was an increasing persistence of PS-specific IgG and SBA with age in the catch-up immunized cohorts 4-5 years after their MenCC immunization (MenC PS-specific IgG, 0.25 microg/ml (95%CI: 0.19-0.31 microg/ml) at age 6 years, gradually increasing to 2.34 microg/ml,(95%CI: 1.70-3.32 microg/ml) at age 21-22 years). A comparable pattern was found for antibodies against the carrier protein in children immunized above 9 years of age. In case of vaccination before the age of 5 years, PS-specific IgG was rapidly lost. For all age-cohorts together, SBA seroprevalence (> or =8) increased from 19.7% to 43.0% in the pre- and post-MenC introduction eras, respectively. In non-immunized adults the SBA seroprevalence was not significantly different between the pre- and post-MenC introduction periods, whereas PS-specific IgG was significantly lower in the post-MenC vaccination (GMT, age > or =25 years, 0.10 microg/ml) era compared to the pre-vaccination (GMT, age > or =25 years, 0.43 microg/ml) era. CONCLUSION: MenCC vaccination administered above 5 years of age induced high IgG levels compared to natural exposure, increasing with age. In children below 14 months of age and non-immunized cohorts lower IgG levels were observed compared to the pre-vaccination era, whereas functional levels remained similar in adults. Whether the lower IgG poses individuals at increased risk for MenC disease should be carefully monitored. Large-scale introduction of a MenCC vaccine has led to improved protection in adolescents, but in infants a single-dose schedule may not provide sufficient protection on the long-term and therefore a booster-dose early in adolescence should be considered

Decreased antibody response after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccination in patients with Down syndrom

The risk of a severe course of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in adults with Down syndrome is increased, resulting in an up to 10-fold increase in mortality, in particular in those >40 years of age. After primary SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, the higher risks remain. In this prospective observational cohort study, SARS-CoV-2 spike S1-specific antibody responses after routine SARS-CoV-2 vaccination (BNT162b2, messenger RNA [mRNA]-1273, or ChAdOx1) in adults with Down syndrome and healthy controls were compared. Adults with Down syndrome showed lower antibody concentrations after 2 mRNA vaccinations or after 2 ChAdOx1 vaccinations. After 2 mRNA vaccinations, lower antibody concentrations were seen with increasing age. In this prospective cohort study that included 222 adults with Down syndrome, a significantly lower antibody response was found after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA or vector vaccination compared to healthy controls. After mRNA vaccination, lower antibodies were found with increasing age