2,439 research outputs found
Integrated stratigraphy of the Waitakian-Otaian Stage boundary stratotype, Early Miocene, New Zealand
The base of the type section of the Otaian Stage at Bluecliffs, South Canterbury, is recognised as the stratotype for the boundary between the Waitakian and Otaian Stages. Principal problems with the boundary are the restriction of existing bioevent proxies to shelf and upper slope environments and its uncertain age. These topics are addressed by a multidisplinary study of a 125 m section about the boundary, which examines its lithostratigraphy, depositional setting, biostratigraphy, correlation, and geochronology.
The lower siltstone lithofacies (0-38.5 m) was deposited at upper bathyal depths (200-600 m) in a marginal basin which was partially sheltered from fully oceanic circulation by a submarine high and islands. The site was covered by cool-temperate water and was probably adjacent to the Subtropical Convergence. This unit is succeeded by the banded lithofacies (38.5-106 m) and the upper siltstone lithofacies (basal 19 m studied). Paleodepth probably declined up-sequence, but deposition at shelf depths is not definitely indicated. A cyclic pattern of abundance spikes in benthic and planktonic foraminifera commences 9 m above base and extends to 73 m in the banded lithofacies. Oxygen isotope excursions (up to 2.08%) in Euuvigerina miozea and Cibicides novozelandicus are greatest within the interval containing the abundance spikes. The stage boundary occurs in the banded lithofacies at the highest abundance spike (73 m). Although condensed intervals might affect the completeness of the section, they are not associated with sedimentary discontinuities, and we consider that the section is suitable as a biostratigraphic reference.
Spores, pollens, dinoflagellates, calcareous nannofossils, foraminifera, bryozoans, and ostracods are preserved near the boundary, but molluscs principally occur higher, in the shallower upper siltstone lithofacies. Siliceous microfossils are rare. There is considerable scope for further biostratigraphic research.
The primary event marking the boundary at 73 m is the appearance of the benthic foraminifer Ehrenbergina marwicki. This is a distinctive and widely distributed event but is restricted to shelf and upper bathyal environments. Supplementary events in planktonic foraminifera and calcareous nannofossils were researched. Highest occurrences of Globigerina brazieri and G. euapertura are recorded at 47 and 58 m. There is a marked decline in relative abundance of Paragloborotalia spp. at 62 m. Helicosphaera carteri becomes more abundant than H. euphratis between 56 and 87 m. These events are not exact proxies for the boundary but they may usefully indicate proximity to it. They occur in the interval of prominent spikes in foraminiferal abundance.
The Waitakian-Otaian boundary is dated at 21.7 Ma by strontium isotopes. Stable primary remanence could not be determined in a pilot paleomagnetic study of Bluecliffs specimens. However, specimens trended towards reversed polarity, and remagnetisation great circle analysis will allow directions to be calculated in future collections
Full-Folding Optical Potentials for Elastic Nucleon-Nucleus Scattering based on Realistic Densities
Optical model potentials for elastic nucleon nucleus scattering are
calculated for a number of target nuclides from a full-folding integral of two
different realistic target density matrices together with full off-shell
nucleon-nucleon t-matrices derived from two different Bonn meson exchange
models. Elastic proton and neutron scattering observables calculated from these
full-folding optical potentials are compared to those obtained from `optimum
factorized' approximations in the energy regime between 65 and 400 MeV
projectile energy. The optimum factorized form is found to provide a good
approximation to elastic scattering observables obtained from the full-folding
optical potentials, although the potentials differ somewhat in the structure of
their nonlocality.Comment: 21 pages, LaTeX, 17 postscript figure
Penning-Trap Mass Measurements of the Neutron-Rich K and Ca Isotopes: Resurgence of the N = 28 Shell Strength
We present Penning-trap mass measurements of neutron-rich 44,47-50K and
49,50Ca isotopes carried out at the TITAN facility at TRIUMF-ISAC. The 44K mass
measurement was performed with a charge-bred 4+ ion utilizing the TITAN EBIT,
and agrees with the literature. The mass excesses obtained for 47K and 49,50Ca
are more precise and agree with the values published in the 2003 Atomic Mass
Evaluation (AME'03). The 48,49,50K mass excesses are more precise than the
AME'03 values by more than one order of magnitude. For 48,49K, we find
deviations by 7 sigma and 10 sigma, respectively. The new 49K mass excess
lowers significantly the two-neutron separation energy at the neutron number
N=30 compared with the separation energy calculated from the AME'03 mass-excess
values, and thus, increases the N=28 neutron-shell gap energy at Z=19 by
approximately 1 MeV.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, accepted for PR
Visuocognitive Fluency Facilitating ECG Interpretation with Visual Metaphors and Expressive Tags
Predicting total reaction cross sections for nucleon-nucleus scattering
Nucleon total reaction and neutron total cross sections to 300 MeV for 12C
and 208Pb, and for 65 MeV spanning the mass range, are predicted using
coordinate space optical potentials formed by full folding of effective
nucleon-nucleon interactions with realistic nuclear ground state densities.
Good to excellent agreement is found with existing data.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figure
Comparison of Transfer-to-Continuum and Eikonal Models of Projectile Fragmentation Reactions
Spectroscopic properties of nuclei are accessible with projectile
fragmentation reactions, but approximations made in the reaction theory can
limit the accuracy of the determinations. We examine here two models that have
rather different approximations for the nucleon wave function, the target
interaction, and the treatment of the finite duration of the reaction. The
nucleon-target interaction is treated differently in the eikonal and the
transfer-to-continuum model, but the differences are more significant for light
targets. We propose a new parameterization with that in mind. We also propose a
new formula to calculate the amplitude that combines the better treatment of
the wave function in the eikonal model with the better treatment of the target
interaction in the transfer-to-continuum model.Comment: 21 pages, latex file including 3 tables. 5 figures. Submitted to
Phys. Rev.
Community priority setting for fetal alcohol spectrum disorder research in Australia
Introduction
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by prenatal alcohol
exposure (PAE). FASD research is a rapidly growing field that crosses multiple disciplines. To ensure
research is relevant and meaningful for people living with FASD, their families, and the broader public
there is a need to engage community members in setting priorities for research.
Objectives
Our primary objective was to formally identify the views of people living with FASD, their par-
ents/caregivers, service providers, and the general community on the research priorities for FASD
and alcohol use in pregnancy in Australia. Our secondary objective was to provide an overview of
current research in the highest priority areas identified.
Methods
The approach for this study involved two community surveys and a consensus workshop, followed by
a rapid literature review. Survey responses (n = 146) were collected and grouped using qualitative
thematic analysis. The themes identified were then ranked in a second survey (n = 45). The 22
highest ranked themes were considered in a workshop with 21 community members, and consensus
on the top ten priority areas was sought. The priority areas were grouped into conceptually similar
topics and rapid literature reviews were undertaken on each.
Results
A diverse range of priorities was identified within key areas of prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. On
request from participants, separate priority lists were developed by Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal
participants.
Conclusions
There is need for a national network of researchers to take forward the research commenced by the
Centre of Research Excellence, FASD Research Australia, in addressing community prioritie
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