Superbosses feel completely unthreatened

In contrast, most managers claim to be comfortable hiring the best people, but they aren't, writes Sydney Finkelstei

Investigating the growing population of massive quiescent galaxies at cosmic noon

We explore the build-up of quiescent galaxies using a sample of 28 469 massive (M⋆ ≥ 1011 M☉) galaxies at redshifts 1.5 < zz < 3.0, drawn from a 17.5 deg2 area (0.33 Gpc3 comoving volume at these redshifts). This allows for a robust study of the quiescent fraction as a function of mass at 1.5 < zz < 3.0 with a sample ∼40 times larger at log(M⋆/ M⊙)≥11.5M⊙)≥11.5 than previous studies. We derive the quiescent fraction using three methods: specific star formation rate, distance from the main sequence, and UVJ colour-colour selection. All three methods give similar values at 1.5 < zz < 2.0, however the results differ by up to a factor of 2 at 2.0 < zz < 3.0. At redshifts 1.5 < zz < 3.0, the quiescent fraction increases as a function of stellar mass. By zz = 2, only 3.3 Gyr after the big bang, the universe has quenched ∼25 per cent of M⋆ = 1011 M☉ galaxies and ∼45 per cent of M⋆ = 1012 M☉ galaxies. We discuss physical mechanisms across a range of epochs and environments that could explain our results. We compare our results with predictions from hydrodynamical simulations SIMBA and IllustrisTNG and semi-analytic models (SAMs) SAG, SAGE, and Galacticus. The quiescent fraction from IllustrisTNG is higher than our empirical result by a factor of 2-5, while those from SIMBA and the three SAMs are lower by a factor of 1.5-10 at 1.5 < zz < 3.0Fil: Sherman, Sydney. Department Of Astronomy; Estados UnidosFil: Jogee, Shardha. Department Of Astronomy; Estados UnidosFil: Florez, Jonathan. Department Of Astronomy; Estados UnidosFil: Stevans, Matthew L. Department Of Astronomy; Estados UnidosFil: Kawinwanichakij, Lalitwadee. Kavli Institute For The Physics And Mathematics Of The; JapónFil: Wold, Isak. Nasa Goddard Space Flight Center; Estados UnidosFil: Finkelstein, Steven L. Department Of Astronomy; Estados UnidosFil: Papovich, Casey. Department Of Physics And Astronomy; Estados UnidosFil: Ciardullo, Robin. Department Of Astronomy And Astrophysics; Estados UnidosFil: Gronwall, Caryl. Department Of Astronomy And Astrophysics; Estados UnidosFil: Cora, Sofia Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Astrofísica La Plata. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas. Instituto de Astrofísica La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Hough, Tomas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Astrofísica La Plata. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas. Instituto de Astrofísica La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Vega Martínez, Cristian Antonio. Instituto de Investigación Multidisciplinar En Ciencia; Chil

Boss competence and worker well-being

Nearly all workers have a supervisor or “boss.” Yet little is known about how bosses influence the quality of employees’ lives. This study offers new evidence. First, the authors find that a boss’s technical competence is the single strongest predictor of a worker’s job satisfaction. Second, they demonstrate using longitudinal data, after controlling for fixed-effects, that even if a worker stays in the same job and workplace, a rise in the competence of a supervisor is associated with an improvement in the worker’s well-being. Third, the authors report a variety of robustness checks, including tentative instrumental variable results. These findings, which draw on U.S. and British data, contribute to an emerging literature on the role of “expert leaders” in organizations