PELATIHAN PENGOLAHAN STIK BUAH MANGROVE BAGI MASYARAKAT DESA PASSARE APUA KECAMATAN LANTARI JAYA KABUPATEN BOMBANA SULAWESI TENGGARA

The factors causing the degradation of mangroves in the Passare Apua village are low income, education, and community skills. Information from the Passare Apua Village Government revealed that 25% of the population did not have a job, so they were classified as non-productive people with minimal educational backgrounds and skills. The solution to the problems are to increase supervision, education, skills and income of local communities, for example by providing training programs on product processing made from local resources. One of the local resources that the people of Passare Apua Village have not utilized is the mangrove fruit which is still often found in the area. Mangrove fruit has been known as a resource that can be processed into food, such as mangrove sticks. This activity aims to train the community to produce processed mangrove products in the form of mangrove sticks with a high nutritional and economic value which the community can later make as an additional source of income. The method of implementing this activity consisted of two stages: counseling/delivery of materials and demonstrations and practices of processing mangrove fruit into mangrove sticks. The results of this activity indicated that the target audience had been able to process mangrove fruit into mangrove stick snacks and was interested in developing this mangrove stick as one of the new products to be marketed. --- Faktor-faktor penyebab degradasi mangrove di Desa Passare Apua adalah rendahnya pendapatan, pendidikan dan keterampilan masyarakat. Informasi yang didapatkan dari Pemerintah Desa Passare Apua diketahui 25% penduduk belum memiliki pekerjaan sehingga tergolong masyarakat non-produktif dengan latar belakang pendidikan dan keterampilan yang sangat terbatas. Solusi terhadap permasalahan tersebut adalah meningkatkan pengawasan, pendidikan, keterampilan dan pendapatan masyarakat setempat, misalnya dengan memberikan program pelatihan pengolahan produk berbahan baku sumberdaya lokal. Salah satu sumberdaya lokal yang belum dimanfatkan oleh masyarakat Desa Passare Apua adalah buah mangrove yang masih sering dijumpai di kawasan tersebut. Buah mangrove telah dikenal sebagai salah satu sumberdaya yang dapat diolah menjadi bahan pangan, seperti stik mangrove. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk melatih masyarakat menghasilkan produk olahan mangrove berupa stik mangrove yang bernilai gizi dan ekonomis tinggi yang nantinya dapat diproduksi oleh masyarakat sebagai sumber pendapatan tambahan. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan ini terdiri dari dua tahap, yaitu penyuluhan/penyampaian materi dan demonstrasi serta praktek pengolahan buah mangrove menjadi stik mangrove. Hasil kegiatan ini menunjukkan bahwa Khalayak sasaran telah mampu mengolah buah mangrove menjadi cemilan stik mangrove dan berminat untuk mengembangkan stik mangrove ini sebagai salah satu produk baru yang akan dipasarkan

Habitat preferences of lamp shell (Lingula unguis) in Nambo Waters, Kendari City, Southeast Sulawesi

Coastal resources of Nambo Waters in Kendari City include mangrove and seagrass ecosystems which provide ecological benefits for the life of benthic and other organisms. One of the benthic organisms utilized by local communities in Nambo is the lamp shells. This study aimed at determining the habitat preferences of lamp shells in Nambo Waters. The sampling was conducted twice a month, applying the systematic random sampling method. Density, distribution patterns and size distributions were analyzed. Habitat preferences of lamp shells was analyzed using the Coresponden Analysis (CA) and Principle Component Analysis (PCA) to determined the water parameter characteristics were done by apllying the XLSTAT 2014 program. The result of analysis showed the number of density ranged from 1,06-10,44 ind/m2. The distribution pattern index suggested that lamp shells have random and uniformed distribution patterns. The distribution of total length sizes (shell length and pedicle) of the lamp shells was divided into 10 size classes, dominated by shells with 77–102 mm in sizes. The habitat preferences of lamp shells was characterized by the texture of medium and muddy sand substrates in mangrove ecosystem.Sumber daya pesisir Perairan Nambo di Kota Kendari meliputi ekosistem mangrove dan lamun yang memberikan manfaat ekologi bagi kehidupan organisme bentik dan organisme lainnya. Salah satu organisme bentik yang dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat setempat adalah kerang lentera. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui preferensi habitat kerang lentera di Perairan Nambo. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode acak sistematis dengan interval waktu dua kali sebulan. Data kepadatan, pola distribusi dan distribusi ukuran dianalisis. Preferensi habitat kerang lentera dianalisis dengan Coresponden Analysis (CA) dan Principle Componen Analysis (PCA) untuk mengetahui karakteristik parameter perairan melalui program XLSTAT versi 2014. Hasil analisis menunjukkan nilai kepadatan kerang lentera yaitu 1,06–10,44 ind/m2. Indeks pola distribusi menunjukkan kerang lentera mempunyai penyebaran acak dan seragam. Sebaran ukuran panjang total (panjang cangkang dan pedikel) kerang lentera dikelompokkan dalam 10 kelas ukuran, dimana ukuran yang mendominasi adalah 77–102 mm. Preferensi habitat kerang lentera dikarakteristikkan oleh tekstur substrat pasir sedang dan berlumpur pada daerah ekosistem mangrove

Production, biomass, and turnover of exploited mangrove clams (Geloina expansa, Mousson 1849) in Kendari Bay mangrove forest, Southeast Sulawesi Indonesia

Geloina expansa is a front-runner commodity of the mangrove ecosystem. This species is notably experiencing ecological pressures in Kendari Bay. Accordingly, this study aims to determine their production, biomass, and turnover in the mangrove ecosystem. This research is hoped to provide empirical information that will aid in the formulation of the management strategy of mangrove clam resources in Southeast Sulawesi. Clam samples were collected at random in three selected sampling areas using a 1x1 m2 quadrat-transect sampling approach. The clams were measured for their shell length, total weight and weight of fresh meat. The clam meat was dried to obtain a shell-free dry mass. The production, biomass, and turnover of the clams were calculated using standard formulas. The population density of the clams ranged from 23.78 ind/m2 (October) to 77.44 ind/m2 (February), where the remaining months of observations showed similar values throughout. The clams biomass population in each size class ranged from 0.04 to 4.95 g/m2. The somatic production, as per the dry weight showed the highest value at 6.9 cm shell length (2.01g/m2/year). The lowest individual somatic production was found in the shell width of 9.7 cm (0.55 g/m2/year). The turnover rate (P/B) of the mangrove clam was 1.73/year. The density of the mangrove clams in the mangrove forest in Kendari Bay was found to be high. This was accompanied by high productions in the young or small-sized groups, peaking at a size smaller than the size where peak biomass was found

Habitat characteristics of red shrimp (Parhippolyte uveae) in swamp waters around the Koguna Beach area, Buton Regency, Southeast Sulawesi

Sekitar kawasan Pantai Koguna yang berjarak ±157 meter dari garis pantai terdapat sebuah perairan tertutup semacam rawa. Perairan ini berair payau dan dihuni oleh udang merah (Parhippolyte uveae). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik habitat udang merah. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan November–Desember 2021 di Desa Mopaano Kecamatan Lasalimu Selatan Kabupaten Buton.  Lokasi penelitian ditetapkan secara sengaja pada dua zona dengan karakteristik habitat yang berbeda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Zona 1 ditemukan udang merah dengan kelimpahan relatif tinggi yang menunjukkan zona tersebut disukai oleh udang merah. Habitat pada zona tersebut memiliki karakteristik berupa bebatuan dan akar mangrove, kerapatan tutupan kanopi mangrove lebih tinggi, serta parameter lingkungan perairan yang sesuai dengan kehidupan udang merah. Habitat udang ini adalah perairan anchialine yang masih mendapat pengaruh pasang surut dari laut namun tidak terhubung secara langsung di bagian permukaannya.Around the Koguna Beach area, which is ± 157 meters from the coastline, there is a closed water like a swamp. These waters are brackish and inhabited by red shrimp (Parhippolyte uveae). The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of the shrimp habitat. This research was conducted in November–December 2021 in Mopaano Village, Lasalimu Selatan District, Buton Regency. The research location was deliberately set in 2 zones with different habitat characteristics. The results showed that in Zone 1 red shrimp were found with a high relative abundance which indicated that the zone was favored by red shrimp. Habitat in this zone has characteristics in the form of rocks and mangrove roots, higher density of mangrove canopy cover, as well as parameters of the aquatic environment that are suitable for the life of red shrimp. This habitat is anchialine waters which are still influenced by the tides from the sea but are not directly connected to the surface

PERPINDAHAN ONTOGENETIK HABITAT IKAN DI PERAIRAN EKOSISTEM HUTAN MANGROVE

Ontogenetic of fish is a term used to study the development of the behavior of an individual throughout its life (life-span) from hatched to death. The mangrove ecosystem is a potential habitat for fish, especially the juvenile stage. Juvenile found in this habitat is an important economically fish. In various types of fish, the phenomenon of increasing the size of the fish body followed by changes in the types of food causing ontogenetic habitat of fish. It is evident in yellow snapper Lutjanus argentiventris. The juveniles live in mangrove habitat to approximately 100 mm or 300 days old, after which the fish move to deeper surrounding habitat. Mangrove forest that has a high complexity is to serve as an adaptation of fish to avoid predators and foraging. Several different habitats, both the mangrove ecosystem and other ecosystems provide different foods according to the needs at each phase-change of fish life. Animals that undergo ontogenetic habitat drift has management consequences that are more sensitive than animals inhabiting on single habitat. Hence, particularly habitat conservation resource management is needed. Not only conservation of the habitat, but also other habitats related to  the migration of fish.   Keyword: conservation, diet, growth, mangrove, ontogeneti

Abundance and Distribution Patterns of Mussel (Corbicula javanica) in Wonggeduku District Konawe Regency - Southeast Sulawesi

This research was conducted in November 2018 to February 2019 in the sub-watershed of Lahombuti River, Lahotutu Village, Konawe Regency. The aim of the study was to determine the population abundance and distribution pattern of mussel (C. javanica) in the sub watershed of Lahombuti tributary, Lahotutu Village, Wonggedu Sub-District, Konawe District. Sampling site was determined with purposive random sampling method. Sampling of mussel (C. javanica) was carried out in a location with the greatest abundance of mussel, that was insub watershed of Lahombuti tributary, Lahotutu Village, on the main rice field irrigation channel (width: ± 1.75 m, Length: ± 4500 m ( 4.5 km), Depth: ± 110 cm). Sampling of mussel was carried out at the same station with different sampling spot. Three quadratic transects sizing 1x1 m2 each were randomly assigned in the plots. The results showed that the highest abundance of mussel (C. javanica) was recorded in November with a value of 65.33 ind/m2 and the lowest population abundance was in February with a valueof 12.67 ind/m2.In other words, the abundance of mussel in the sub watershed of Lahombuti tributaries range from 12.67 ind/m2-65.33 ind/m2. In general, the results of population abundance analysis showed that the level of abundance was very high. The results of Morishita index analysis generally showed that distribution pattern of mussel (C. javanica) in the sub watershed of Lahombuti tributaries was classified as uniform pattern (Id <1). The results of this study indicate the potential availability of mussel resources (C. javanica) based on abundance data and distribution patterns in the Lahombuti River, Wonggeduku District, Konawe Regency

Length-weight relationships and condition index of Pokea clams (Batissa violacea var. celebensis, von Martens 1897) in the Laeya River, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia

The length-weight relationship and condition index of pokea clams in the Laeya River are not fully known. This study was aimed to determine the length-weight relationship and condition index of pokea clams in the Laeya River, Southeast Sulawesi. This research was conducted 10 months from May 2016 to February 2017 in the Laeya River, Southeast Sulawesi. Pokea clams are collected using a shovel. The length and weight of each clam was using calipers and analytical scales with accuracy of 0.05 mm and 0.01 g, respectively. The weight of the shell and dried meat was obtained by drying the shells first using an oven and weighing using an analytical balance with an accuracy of 0.01 g and 0.0001 g, respectively. The results showed that the relationship between length and weight of pokea clams in males and females were 2.61 and 2.78, respectively; with R2 values of 0.89 and 0.93, respectively. The highest b values for males and females were found in July with values of 3.03 and 2.94, respectively. The lowest b value was found in November with values of 2.45 and 2.46, respectively. The condition index values for males and females were 4.7 ± 2.2 and 5.17 ± 2.32, respectively. The highest condition index was found in May with values of 6.00 ± 3.07 and 7.83 ± 2.55, respectively. The condition index values for males and females increased with increasing shell size. Male and female at the largest size (6.01-6.05 cm) had the highest index with values of 8.05 ± 6.41 and 9.12 ± 3.38, respectively. In conclusions, the growth was negative allometric pattern, condition index was in fat category, and had peak spawning in July and experienced partial spawning in September-February

The Reproduction of Meretrix meretrix Clams in The Kambu River Estuary, Southeast Sulawesi: Reproduksi Kerang Tahu (Meretrix meretrix) di Muara Sungai Kambu, Sulawesi Tenggara

Meretrix meretrix is a degraded resource in Kendari Bay waters, but its reproductive pattern is not fully known.. This study aims to determine the level of gonad maturity, gonadal maturity index, fecundity and the size of the first gonad maturity of M. meretrix at the Kambu River estuary, Kendari Bay, Southeast Sulawesi. This research was carried out at the Kambu River estuary for 6 months from August 2021-January 2022. These clams were taken randomly representing all size classes as many as 300 birds during the study. M. meretrix were observed for gonad color and gonad development microscopically, then the length and weight of the gonads were measured using a caliper and analytical balance with an accuracy of 0.5 mm and 0.0001g, respectively. The results showed that the development of male and female gonads was relatively simultaneous, which was dominated by mature gonads (III-IV) in each month of observation. TKG I-V was found in every month of observation. The gonad maturity index of males and females were 4.92-6.00 and 5.53-6.32, respectively. The fecundity of M. meretrix ranged from 4882-85677 grains. The first mature size of the gonads of male and female M. meretrix is 20 mm.Meretrix meretrix is a degraded resource in Kendari Bay waters, but its reproductive pattern is not fully known.. This study aims to determine the level of gonad maturity, gonadal maturity index, fecundity and the size of the first gonad maturity of M. meretrix at the Kambu River estuary, Kendari Bay, Southeast Sulawesi. This research was carried out at the Kambu River estuary for 6 months from August 2021-January 2022. These clams were taken randomly representing all size classes as many as 300 birds during the study. M. meretrix were observed for gonad color and gonad development microscopically, then the length and weight of the gonads were measured using a caliper and analytical balance with an accuracy of 0.5 mm and 0.0001g, respectively. The results showed that the development of male and female gonads was relatively simultaneous, which was dominated by mature gonads (III-IV) in each month of observation. TKG I-V was found in every month of observation. The gonad maturity index of males and females were 4.92-6.00 and 5.53-6.32, respectively. The fecundity of M. meretrix ranged from 4882-85677 grains. The first mature size of the gonads of male and female M. meretrix is 20 mm

Phytoplankton in the Anchialine Habitat of Red Shrimp (Parhippolyte uveae) at Mangrove Ecosystem Waters

The anchialine habitat waters of this study is located at mangrove ecosystem around Koguna Beach area, Buton Island, Indonesia. It is a closed water, isolated from the sea, and inhabited by Parhippolyte uveae red shrimp. The existence of phytoplankton in this habitat can be used to determine the availability of natural food and the water quality of this shrimp’s habitat. This study was conducted to examine the presence of phytoplankton in the anchialine habitat of red shrimp. Phytoplankton samples were obtained by filtering water using Plankton Net. Meanwhile, several biological indexes such as the diversity index, evenness index, and dominance index were used to analyze the phytoplankton community. The result showed that this habitat was dominated by phytoplankton from the classes Bacillariophyceae, Florideophyceae, and Globothalamea with a total of 13 genera in September 2021 and Bacillariophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Dinophyceae, and Globothalamea with a total of 18 genera in December 2021. The most common type of phytoplankton found in the red shrimp habitat during the study was Navicula sp. with a ban of 1436 cells L-1 and 479 cells L-1 in September 2021 and December 2021, respectively. The diversity index of phytoplankton in this habitat was low, meanwhile, the index of evenness and dominance indicated that this habitat was of good quality (evenness index was high and dominance index was low). This study can be used as a basic information for further research on the management control for this species habitat

The Population Dynamics of the Exploited White Shells (Meretrix meretrix) at the Kambu River Estuary, Southeast Sulawesi: Dinamika Populasi Kerang Tahu (Meretrix meretrix) yang Tereksploitasi di Muara Sungai Kambu Sulawesi Tenggara

White shells is one of the types of shellfish that is exploited by the community around the Kambu River estuary whose population dynamics is not known certainty. This study aims to determine the population dynamics of white shells in the Kambu River estuary, Southeast Sulawesi. This research was carried out for six months from August 2021 to January 2022. white shells were collected using garok in all parts of the waters. The shell length was measured using a caliper with an accuracy of 0.05 cm. Data on population structure, growth and mortality of clams was analyzed using FiSAT II version 3,0 software. The results showed that the population structure of white shells were dominated by one size group (young adult) which were distributed. The growth parameters of white shells consisted of asymptotic length (L∞) and growth coefficient (K) were 58,91 mm and 1.1, respectively. Natural mortality (M) of white shells at an annual mean temperature of 28oC was 1,59 yr-1, while fishing mortality (F) and total mortality (Z) of white shells were 3,16 yr-1 and 4,75 yr-1, respectively. The white shells were in an overexploitation condition with an exploitation level (E) of 0,67 yr-1