6 research outputs found
SOCIAL CAPITAL AND HOUSEHOLD INCOME DISTRIBUTIONS: EVIDENCE FROM MICHIGAN AND ILLINOIS
Social capital is a resource increasingly recognized as having important economic and social consequences. Robison and Siles (1999) examined some of these consequences at the U.S. state level and this study extends their efforts. Their 1999 study found important connections between the distributions of social capital and the distributions of household incomes. This study asks if the relationships between social capital and household incomes discovered at the state level are also present at the community level.Consumer/Household Economics, Institutional and Behavioral Economics,
Rold Ambiguity among Foster Parents: Semi-Professionals in Professionalizing Organizations
Because foster parent role ambiguity has been viewed primarily as a micro-level phenomenon, efforts to reduce its negative consequences have emphasized ameliorist solutions which attempt to alter the behavior of individuals. We suggest that consideration of role ambiguity as a macro-level phenomenon provides a sounder basis for developing long-range solutions which can alter the structure of foster care organizations in ways which will complement existing ameliorist strategies. As semi-professionals, the work-role expectations of foster parents are seen as being contradictory to the goals of a profess ionalizing organizational structure. The transitional nature of this professionalizing process, and the contradictions which it generates, are discussed. Some consequences are evidenced by empirical data obtained from a state-wide study of a public foster care organization
Application of UV absorbance and fluorescence indicators to assess the formation of biodegradable dissolved organic carbon and bromate during ozonation
This study examined the significance of changes of UV absorbance and fluorescence of dissolved organic
matter (DOM) as surrogate indicators for assessing the formation of bromate and biodegradable dissolved
organic carbon (BDOC) during the ozonation of surface water and wastewater effluent. Spectroscopic
monitoring was carried out using benchtop UV/Vis and fluorescence spectrophotometers and a
newly developed miniature LED UV/fluorescence sensor capable of rapidly measuring UVA280 and
protein-like and humic-like fluorescence. With the increase of O3/DOC mass ratio, the plots of BDOC
formation were characterized of initial lag, transition slope and final plateau. With the decrease of UV
absorbance and fluorescence, BDOC concentrations initially increased slowly and then rose more
noticeably. Inflection points in plots of BDOC versus changes of spectroscopic indicators were close to 35
e45% loss of UVA254 or UVA280 and 75e85% loss of humic-like fluorescence. According to the data from
size exclusion chromatography (SEC) with organic carbon detection and 2D synchronous correlation
analyses, DOM fractions assigned to operationally defined large biopolymers (apparent molecular
weight, AMW>20 kDa) and medium AMW humic substances (AMW 5.5e20 kDa) were transformed into
medium-size building blocks (AMW 3e5.5 kDa) and other smaller AMW species (AMW<3 kDa) associated
with BDOC at increasing O3/DOC ratios. Appreciable bromate formation was observed only after
the values of UVA254, UVA280 and humic-like fluorescence in O3-treated samples were decreased by 45
e55%, 50e60% and 86e92% relative to their respective initial levels. No significant differences in plots of
bromate concentrations versus decreases of humic-like fluorescence were observed for surface water and
wastewater effluent samples. This was in contrast with the plots of bromate concentration versus
UVA254 and UVA280 which exhibited sensitivity to varying initial bromide concentrations in the
investigated water matrixes. These results suggest that measurements of humic-like fluorescence can
provide a useful supplement to UVA indices for characterization of ozonation processes
SOCIAL CAPITAL AND HOUSEHOLD INCOME DISTRIBUTIONS: EVIDENCE FROM MICHIGAN AND ILLINOIS
Social capital is a resource increasingly recognized as having important economic and social consequences. Robison and Siles (1999) examined some of these consequences at the U.S. state level and this study extends their efforts. Their 1999 study found important connections between the distributions of social capital and the distributions of household incomes. This study asks if the relationships between social capital and household incomes discovered at the state level are also present at the community level