Public billboard service announcement (Соціальна білбордова реклама та її особливості)

This article defines the concept of advertising, public service announcement (PSA). The purpose, characteristics and objectives of PSAs are described. It is about the main components and characteristics of billboard advertising as well as the social and psychological impacts of background billboard nonprofit advertising (У статті визначається поняття реклама, соціальна реклама. Описано суть, особливості та завдання соціальної реклами. Йдеться про основні складові та характеристики білбордової реклами, а також соціально-психологічне підґрунтя впливу білбордової некомерційної реклами

Metaphor as a potent means in realization of tactic of insult (on the basis of English political discourse)

У статті розглядається метафора як функціональна одиниця політичного дискурсу, за допомогою якої вдало реалізується тактика образи. З’ясовано, що когнітивна метафора, виступаючи в ролі інструмента усвідомлення, моделювання та оцінки політичних процесів, активно використовується політичними діячами і, безпосередньо, президентом США Бараком Обамою задля впливу на асоціативне мислення реципієнта та актуалізації тактики вербальної образи. Тактика вербальної образи націлена на завдання шкоди репутації політика і вирішальним чином впливає на ставлення суспільства до нього. (The article deals with the study of a metaphor ‒ a functional element of a political discourse, which is helpful in successful implementation of tactic of insult. It was found out that a cognitive metaphor as an instrument of understanding, modelling and estimating of any political event is widely used by politicians and by Barack Obama in particular, to influence a recipient’s associative thinking. Tactic of insult is aimed at destroying a politician’s image and it plays a crucial role in forming public attitude to that person.

Mechanics and Mathematical Modeling of Class III Treatment with Orthodontic Appliances with a Movable Ramp

Treatment of class III is a current problem in orthodontics that requires constant improvement of its methods, development of new or modifications of known methods and techniques. We have developed and studied the modification of removable functionally-directing orthodontic appliances for treatment of Class III, which consists of a plastic base, vestibular arc, retaining clasps, ramp, which is connected with the base by means of two torsion springs. Its usage ensures a prolonged contact of ramp with the teeth. We studied two types of club-shaped springs (torsion springs): one spring, which create an amortization effect during the action of the ramp, but do not change its inclination angle and second one – spring that seek to increase the angle of the ramp inclination due to the disclosure of its curl

Efficient and Practical Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones Catalyzed by a Simple Bidentate Mn−NHC Complex

Catalytic reductions of carbonyl‐containing compounds are highly important for the safe, sustainable, and economical production of alcohols. Herein, we report on the efficient transfer hydrogenation of ketones catalyzed by a highly potent Mn(I)−NHC complex. Mn−NHC 1 is practical at metal concentrations as low as 75 ppm, thus approaching loadings more conventionally reserved for noble metal based systems. With these low Mn concentrations, catalyst deactivation is found to be highly temperature dependent and becomes especially prominent at increased reaction temperature. Ultimately, understanding of deactivation pathways could help close the activity/stability‐gap with Ru and Ir catalysts towards the practical implementation of sustainable earth‐abundant Mn‐complexes

Aqueous modification of chitosan with itaconic acid to produce strong oxygen barrier film

In this study, the chemical modification of chitosan using itaconic acid as a natural-based unsaturated dicarboxylic acid was investigated. In an aqueous environment, the amine group of chitosan reacts with itaconic acid to produce a chitosan derivative with pyrrolidone-4-carboxylic acid group. On the basis of the elemental analysis, 15 of the amine groups of chitosan reacted, thus creating modified chitosan with amine and carboxylic acid functionalities. Due to the presence of amine and carboxylic acid groups, the surface charge properties of the chitosan were notably altered after itaconic acid modification. In an aqueous solution, the modified chitosan exhibited zwitterionic properties, being cationic at low pH and turning anionic when the pH was increased over 6.5, whereas the original chitosan remained cationic until pH 9. Furthermore, it was demostrated that the modified chitosan was suitable for the preparation of a self-standing film with similarly high transparency but notably higher mechanical strength and oxygen barrier properties compared to a film made from the original chitosan. In addition, the thermal stability of the modified chitosan film was higher than that of the original chitosan film, and the modified chitosan exhibited flame-retardant properties

The Method of Light Dose Measurement During Phodinamic Therapy

A new method of light dose monitoring during the photodynamic therapy of abdominal cavity organs was developed. To apply this method specially developed sensors were constructed. For these sensors the temporal and distance dependences of light doses were received and analyzed. It was shown that the light dose from the operating lamp is large enough in laser light field to be taken into account when planning photodynamic therapy. Keywords: PDT, light doses, other source of light in PDT, photodynamic therap

Switching between Hydrogenation and Olefin Transposition Catalysis via Silencing NH Cooperativity in Mn(I) Pincer Complexes

While Mn-catalyzed (de)hydrogenation of carbonyl derivatives has been well established, the reactivity of Mn hydrides with olefins remains very rare. Herein, we report a Mn(I) pincer complex that effectively promotes site-controlled transposition of olefins. This reactivity is shown to emerge once the N–H functionality within the Mn/NH bifunctional complex is suppressed by alkylation. While detrimental for carbonyl (de)hydrogenation, such masking of the cooperative N–H functionality allows for the highly efficient conversion of a wide range of allylarenes to higher-value 1-propenybenzenes in near-quantitative yield with excellent stereoselectivities. The reactivity toward a single positional isomerization was also retained for long-chain alkenes, resulting in the highly regioselective formation of 2-alkenes, which are less thermodynamically stable compared to other possible isomerization products. The detailed mechanistic analysis of the reaction between the activated Mn catalyst and olefins points to catalysis operating via a metal–alkyl mechanism─one of the three conventional transposition mechanisms previously unknown in Mn complexes