Biogeografia dos vertebrados de ilhas de Santa Catarina: destaque em aves marinhas e costeiras

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia, Florianópolis, 2009Essa dissertação aborda a biogeografia da fauna de vertebrados de 23 ilhas costeiras do estado de Santa Catarina/Brasil, com enfoque nas aves marinhas e costeiras, através de uma análise regional e geossistêmica. As ilhas estão localizadas entre os municípios de Piçarras no norte e Laguna no sul. A coleta de dados em campo se deu através de visitas sazonais em cada ilha, totalizando 44 saídas de campo. As ilhas se formaram numa fase de subida do nível do mar iniciada à 11 mil anos, finalizando numa descida que durou 5 mil e cem anos, quando desapareceram os sistemas fluviais, mangues, lagos e lagunas. Foram identificados 15 habitats dos vertebrados: supralitoral rochoso, supralitoral arenoso, mesolitoral rochoso, mesolitoral arenoso, vegetação herbácea, vegetação arbustiva, vegetação arbórea, vegetação antropizada, alagado, solo, caverna, laguna, riacho, edificação e espaço aéreo. As ilhas, de norte a sul na costa e as de mar aberto e de mar protegido da grande baía da Ilha de Santa Catarina, apresentam os mesmos habitats. Corais é a ilha com a maior diversidade de habitats e, Santana-de-Dentro e Tacamí, apresentam a menor diversidade. Os vertebrados totalizam 143 espécies, com predomínio das aves. Os mamíferos são mais abundantes que os répteis e anfíbios juntos, e os peixes não existem. A pesquisa registrou 16 novas espécies. Os habitats com maior quantidade de fauna são os da vegetação nativa, o supralitoral rochoso, a vegetação antropizada e edificação. Os habitats com menos espécies são laguna e alagado, riacho, solo e caverna. A avifauna marinha e costeira catarinense é a mesma da costa brasileira, constituída por espécies pantropicais e cosmopolitas, como os Larideos, Pelecaniformes e Ciconiiformes. O fator mais importante para a manutenção dos vertebrados é a residência. A antropocoria é o mais dinâmico e a extinção é um fator recorrente e recente. A predação dos gaivotões sobre os trinta-réis é fator limitante para o sucesso reprodutivo das Sterna. A reprodução, o descanso e o isolamento das aves marinhas e costeiras é mais importante que o forrageamento. O baixo endemismo observado não indica baixa especiação, mas poucas pesquisas. As ilhas mais importantes para avifauna marinha e costeira são: Moleques-do-Sul, Batuta, Ilhota, Deserta e Feia. A transição climática, oceanográfica e botânica para os regimes mais frios e secos das regiões pampeana e patagônica, não é acompanhado por transição de fauna e de habitats. A pesquisa materializou a existência de dois espaços biogeográficos insulares: a Província Tupí, da floresta atlântica e o Domínio Oceânico Atlântico Tropical, dos costões e praias. Compartilham esses dois espaços, vertebrados das Regiões Neártica, Subantártica e Antárctica, das Províncias Pampeana e Patagônica e, das águas do Domínio Oceânico Atlântico Tropical. Considerando-se a falta de um enquadramento biogeográfico mais apropriado, sugere-se a criação do Distrito Biogeográfico Guaratiba situado na região costeira entre o norte do Rio Grande do Sul e o Rio de Janeiro, faunisticamente balizado pelo domínio do gaivotão e aves marinhas e costeiras associadas. O paradigma biogeográfico encontrado apresenta interface entre os processos naturais e a ação humana, podendo servir de incentivo à pesquisas sobre conservação e como base aos administradores públicos para formulação de melhores mecanismos de manejo.This dissertation approaches the vertebrate fauna biogeographic of the coast islands in Santa Catarina (Brazil), which focus are marine and short birds through regional and geosystemic analysis. The research occurred in 23 islands arranged between Piçarras (north) and the Laguna (south) towns, through seasonal visits, totaling 44 inspections. These islands were made up of 11 thousand years, when the sea were in a high level, finalizing on a descent that last 5 thousand and a hundred years, when disappeared the fluvial systems, mangrove swamps, lakes and lagoons. It had been identified 15 vertebrates habitats: rocky and sandy up coast, rocky and sandy middle coast, herbaceous vegetation, shrubs vegetation, trees vegetation, antropic vegetation, flood, cavern, lagoon, stream, building and air space. From the north to the south of the islands in coast, the open and protected seas of the big bay of the Island of Santa Catarina have the same habitats. The island which has more habitats diversity is the Corais whilst, Santana-de-Dentro and Tacamí, with the less diversity. The vertebrates total in143 species, with predominance of the birds. The mammals abounds more than the reptiles and amphibians altogether and there arent fishes. The search recorded 16 new species. The habitats with more fauna are in the native vegetation, rocky up coast, antropic vegetation and edification. The habitats with less speices are in lagoon and flood, stream, ground and cavern. The marine and shore birds of Santa Catarina are the same of the Brazilian coast and constitute by cosmopolitan and pan tropical species such as the Larídeos, Pelecaniformes and Ciconiformes. The most important of the vertebrates support is the residence. The antropocoria is the most dynamic and to become extinct is a fact nowadays. The fact that the seagulls are the predators of the tern, limit the breeding of the Sterna. The reproduction, the rest and the isolation of the marine and shore birds are more important than the forage. The low endemic doesnt means low species, but few research. The more important islands for the marine and coast birds are: Molequesdo-Sul, Batuta, Ilhota, Deserta and Feia. The climate, oceanographic and botanical transitions for the cold and dry systems of the pampeana and Patagonia regions, dont run parallel to the fauna and the habitats transition. The research showed two island biogeographic spaces: the Provincial Tupi, of the Atlantic forest and the Tropical Atlantic Oceanic Control of the coasts and the beaches. Vertebrates of the Neartic, Subantartic and Antarctic Regions, the Pampeana and Patagonia Provincias and the Tropical Atlantic Oceanic Control, share these two spaces. Considering that there isnt an appropriate biogeographic frame, the Guaratiba Biogeographic District in the coast region between the Rio Grande do Sul and Rio de Janeiro could be suggested. The district would be beacomed by the seagull and the associated marine and shore birds control. The founded biogeographic model presents an interface between the natural courses and the human action and it can be used to stimulate the researches about conservation besides as a structure to the public administrators to formulate better manage mechanisms

Fifteen Year Outcome of the Ceraver Hermes Posterior-Stabilized Total Knee Arthroplasty: Safety of the Procedure with Experienced and Inexperienced Surgeons

We wished to determine whether total knee replacement (TKA) performed by young surgeons increased rates of mortality and complications compared with TKA performed by senior surgeons using the same model of arthroplasty. There were no significant pre-operative differences between the groups in terms of age, gender, height, weight, body mass index, diagnosis, comorbidity and duration of follow-up, which was a mean of 15 years in both groups. Hence, we assessed the 15 year survival of the first 150 Ceraver Posterior-Stabilized total knee arthroplasties undertaken by young surgeons (aged of less than 30 years) in formation in a single university hospital setting (Group B). We used survival curve analysis, with strict definitions regarding end-points, and evaluated a number of different endpoint criteria to assess the outcome and to compare the results with those obtained by the two seniors (aged of more than 40 years) with their 50 first implantations (Group A). The clinical results and survival rate of implants at intermediate to long-term follow-up were similar in both Groups. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, with revision as the endpoint for failure, showed that the rate of survival at ten years was 96% (95% CI, 93 to 100) in both groups. At fifteen years the rate of survival was 91% (95% CI, 85 to 97) in group B, and 92% (95% CI, 90 to 94) in group A. The implant used in this series appears particularly safe since the usual complications observed with posterior stabilized arthroplasties were not observed even with young surgeons

Água de beber: a filtração doméstica e a difusão do filtro de água em São Paulo

This work studies the advent and diffusion of water filter usage in São Paulo State, during the 20th Century. The water filter, a set of two terracotta vessels equipped with a filtering device, was a product of the ceramics industry, one of the first to be developed in São Paulo. This research shows that in São Paulo at the end of 19th and beginning of 20th Centuries, with the growth of cities and rapid urbanisation, a concern about the quality of water increased due to serious public health hazards, mainly epidemics caused by the consumption of unhealthy drinking water. Despite the existence of an incipient market of domestic equipment for water filtration, these were imported and of limited usage. From the 1910's, ceramics companies, owned by Portuguese and Italian immigrants, started installing filtering devices in terracotta vessels, launching the water filter set. It caught on and became the main domestic filtering equipment after the 1930's, when several companies specialized in this kind of product and started catering for the national market, such as Filtros Salus (from São Paulo city), Pozzani (Jundiaí) and Stéfani (Jaboticabal). Studying the advent and diffusion of the water filter entails knowledge about one of the first consumer goods of the Brazilian industry and, at the same time, knowledge about the history of the ways in which the Brazilian population obtained water to drink.Este artigo trata do processo de surgimento e difusão do uso do filtro de água no Estado de São Paulo, ao longo do século XX. O filtro de água, conjunto de dois recipientes de argila equipado com vela filtrante, é um produto da indústria cerâmica, uma das primeiras a se desenvolver em São Paulo. A pesquisa mostra que, em São Paulo, no final do século XIX e início do XX, com o aumento da urbanização e o crescimento das cidades, a preocupação com a qualidade da água que se consumia ganhou importância em virtude de graves problemas de saúde pública principalmente epidemias causadas por águas impróprias para beber. Embora já existisse um incipiente mercado de equipamentos domésticos de filtração da água, eles eram ainda importados e de uso restrito. A partir da década de 1910, empresas cerâmicas, de imigrantes portugueses e italianos, passaram a acoplar velas filtrantes a recipientes de argila, dando origem ao filtro de água. Depois dos anos de 1930, o filtro difundiu-se e tornou-se o principal equipamento de filtração doméstica, quando diversas empresas, como Filtros Salus (São Paulo-SP), Pozzani (Jundiaí-SP) e Stéfani (Jaboticabal-SP), especializaram-se nesse produto e passaram a atender ao mercado nacional. Estudar o surgimento e a difusão do filtro de água significa conhecer um dos primeiros bens de consumo da indústria brasileira e, ao mesmo tempo, a história de como a população obtém água para beber

Event reconstruction for KM3NeT/ORCA using convolutional neural networks

The KM3NeT research infrastructure is currently under construction at two locations in the Mediterranean Sea. The KM3NeT/ORCA water-Cherenkov neutrino detector off the French coast will instrument several megatons of seawater with photosensors. Its main objective is the determination of the neutrino mass ordering. This work aims at demonstrating the general applicability of deep convolutional neural networks to neutrino telescopes, using simulated datasets for the KM3NeT/ORCA detector as an example. To this end, the networks are employed to achieve reconstruction and classification tasks that constitute an alternative to the analysis pipeline presented for KM3NeT/ORCA in the KM3NeT Letter of Intent. They are used to infer event reconstruction estimates for the energy, the direction, and the interaction point of incident neutrinos. The spatial distribution of Cherenkov light generated by charged particles induced in neutrino interactions is classified as shower- or track-like, and the main background processes associated with the detection of atmospheric neutrinos are recognized. Performance comparisons to machine-learning classification and maximum-likelihood reconstruction algorithms previously developed for KM3NeT/ORCA are provided. It is shown that this application of deep convolutional neural networks to simulated datasets for a large-volume neutrino telescope yields competitive reconstruction results and performance improvements with respect to classical approaches

Event reconstruction for KM3NeT/ORCA using convolutional neural networks

The KM3NeT research infrastructure is currently under construction at two locations in the Mediterranean Sea. The KM3NeT/ORCA water-Cherenkov neutrino de tector off the French coast will instrument several megatons of seawater with photosensors. Its main objective is the determination of the neutrino mass ordering. This work aims at demonstrating the general applicability of deep convolutional neural networks to neutrino telescopes, using simulated datasets for the KM3NeT/ORCA detector as an example. To this end, the networks are employed to achieve reconstruction and classification tasks that constitute an alternative to the analysis pipeline presented for KM3NeT/ORCA in the KM3NeT Letter of Intent. They are used to infer event reconstruction estimates for the energy, the direction, and the interaction point of incident neutrinos. The spatial distribution of Cherenkov light generated by charged particles induced in neutrino interactions is classified as shower-or track-like, and the main background processes associated with the detection of atmospheric neutrinos are recognized. Performance comparisons to machine-learning classification and maximum-likelihood reconstruction algorithms previously developed for KM3NeT/ORCA are provided. It is shown that this application of deep convolutional neural networks to simulated datasets for a large-volume neutrino telescope yields competitive reconstruction results and performance improvements with respect to classical approaches

Gorouberi (GOB-14-SI AND II)

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Ceramic-Ceramic Bearing Decreases Osteolysis: A 20-year Study versus Ceramic-Polyethylene on the Contralateral Hip

Although ceramic implants have been in use for many years and they are intended to minimize wear debris it is unknown whether alumina-on-alumina or alumina-on-polyethylene produce less wear and osteolysis. We therefore investigated wear and osteolysis on 28 bilateral arthroplasties (one ceramic-ceramic and the contralateral ceramic-polyethylene) of patients who had survived 20 years without revision and without loosening of either hip. Osteolysis was identified on anteroposterior pelvic radiographs and 3-D volume from CT scans. The number of osteolytic lesions detected with CT scan was higher than with radiographs. The number of lesions was higher on the side with the alumina-PE couple. With a similar length of followup on each side, the surface and the volume of osteolysis were consistently higher on the side with the alumina-PE couple. We found no correlation between the volume of osteolysis and the volume of estimated wear in each couple of friction. Hips with osteolysis had a lower Harris score

Patterning highly conducting conjugated polymer electrodes for soft and flexible microelectrochemical devices

International audienceThere is a need for soft actuators in various biomedical applications in order to manipulate delicate objects such as cells and tissues. Soft actuators are able to adapt to any shape and limit the stress applied to delicate objects. Conjugated polymer actuators, especially in the so-called trilayer configuration, are interesting candidates for driving such micromanipulators. However, challenges involved in patterning the electrodes in a trilayer with individual contact have prevented further development of soft micromanipulators based on conjugated polymer actuators. To allow such patterning, two printing-based patterning techniques have been developed. First an oxidant layer is printed using either syringe-based printing or micro-contact printing, followed by vapor phase polymerization of the conjugated polymer. Sub-millimeter patterns with electronic conductivities of 800 Scm-1 are obtained. Next, laser ablation is used to 2 cleanly cut the final device structures including the printed patterns, resulting in fingers with individually controllable digits and miniaturized hands. The methods presented in this paper will enable integration of patterned electrically active conjugated polymer layers in many types of complex 3-D structures

Patterning highly conducting conjugated polymer electrodes for soft and flexible microelectrochemical devices

There is a need for soft actuators in various biomedical applications in order to manipulate delicate objects such as cells and tissues. Soft actuators are able to adapt to any shape and limit the stress applied to delicate objects. Conjugated polymer actuators, especially in the so-called trilayer configuration, are interesting candidates for driving such micromanipulators. However, challenges involved in patterning the electrodes in a trilayer with individual contact have prevented further development of soft micromanipulators based on conjugated polymer actuators. To allow such patterning, two printing-based patterning techniques have been developed. First an oxidant layer is printed using either syringe-based printing or micro-contact printing, followed by vapor phase polymerization of the conjugated polymer. Sub-millimeter patterns with electronic conductivities of 800 Sï\u83\u97cm-1 are obtained. Next, laser ablation is used to cleanly cut the final device structures including the printed patterns, resulting in fingers with individually controllable digits and miniaturized hands. The methods presented in this paper will enable integration of patterned electrically active conjugated polymer layers in many types of complex 3-D structures.Funding agencies:This study was financially supported by Linköping University, COST Action MP1003 ESNAM (European Scientific Network for Artificial Muscles), the Swedish Research Council (VR – 2010-6672, 2014-3079, 2015-03298), the Knut &amp; Alice Wallenberg Stiftelse (LiU-2010-00318 &amp; LiU-2012- 01361), and the EU FP7 Marie Curie action IEF (625923 POLYACT)</p